MD-042T.-Islam

MD - 042 Islam

,];yhk; kjk;

ghlk; 01 ,];yhk; – Xu; mwpKfk;

ghlk; 02 K`k;kJtpd; tho;f;if

ghlk; 03 ,];yhkpd; cl;gpupTfs;

ghlk; 04 ,];yhkpd; Ie;J J}z;fs;

ghlk; 05 Fuhd;

ghlk; 06 my;yh`;

ghlk; 07 ,];yhkpy; ,NaR fpwp];J

ghlk; 08 \upah rl;lk;

ghlk; 09 fpwp];jtj;jpw;Fk; ,];yhkpw;Fk; ,ilNa fhzg;gLk; tpj;jpahrq;fs;

ghlk; 10 ,];yhKf;Ff; fpwp];jtj;jpd; gjpy;

ghlk; 01

,];yhk; – Xu; mwpKfk;

,];yhk; vd;why; vd;d?
,];yhk; kjj;ijf; Fwpj;J fpwp];jtu;fs; gbf;f Ntz;bajd; fhuzq;fs;
,];yhk; kjj;ijf; Fwpj;J fpw;p];jtu;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba fhupaq;fs;
,];yhik tpl fpwp];jtk; fbdkhdjh?

,];yhk; vd;why; vd;d?

,];yhk; vd;fpw kjkhdJ mu;g;gzk; my;yJ xg;Gf;nfhLj;jy; vd;gjd; mNugpa gjkhFk;. ,J rhNyk; vd;fpw gjj;jpypUe;J tUfpwJ. ,];yhkpau; vd;gJ xNu nka;ahd Njtdplj;jpy; jd;id mu;g;gzpj;jtu; vd;fpw nghUspy; tUfpwJ. ,d;iwa cyfpy; 1.2 gpy;ypad; [dq;fs; ,];yhk; kjj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wdu;. ,J cyfpd; ,uz;lhtJ kpfg; ngupa cyf kjkhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. (fpwp];jtk; 1.9 gpy;ypad;). A+ju;fs; kw;Wk; fpwp];jtu;fSf;F Mgpufhk; Kw;gpjhtha; ,Ug;gJ Nghy ,tu;fs; jq;fisAk; Mgpufhkpd; top te;jth;fs; vd $wpf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. Mgpufhk; vy;yhtw;iwAk; (jdJ kfidAk;) mu;g;gzpj;jJ Nghy ,];yhkpau; midtUk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj mtu;fsJ mbg;gilahFk;. ,];yhk; “xU flTs; nfhs;if” kjkhFk.; (Monotheism).

,];yhkpd; flTs; my;yh`; Mthu;. ‘my;yh`;’ vd;gJ ‘flTs;’ vd;gjd; mNugpa cr;rupg;G vdf; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,];yhkpd;gb my;yh`; kl;LNk Njtd;. (Fuhd;. 5: 73;;@ 112: 1-4). vy;yhk; mwpe;jtu;(40: 20)> vg;NghJk; ,Ug;gtu; (3: 191). my;yh`; MW ehl;fspy; ,g;gpugQ;rj;ijg; gilj;jhu;. my;yh`; jpupNaf Njtd; my;y.

,];yhkpau;fspd; kiw E}y; Fuhd; MFk; “Fuhd;” vd;gJ mNugpaj;jpy; ‘thrpj;jy;’ vdg; nghUs;gLk;. Fuhd; 114 mj;jpahaq;fis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ (#uhf;fs;). ,J flTspd; Neubahd thu;j;ij vd ,];yhkpau; ek;Gfpd;wdu;. ,J K`k;kJTf;F [pg;uhapy; (fhgpupNay;) %ykhf xU Fifapy; 23 Mz;Lfshf nfhLf;fg; gl;lJ vd ek;Gfpd;wdu;. ,J gpioapy;yhjJ vdTk; ek;Gfpd;wdu;.

K`k;kJ (570-672 fp.gp.)> ,];yhkpd; filrp kw;Wk; kpfg; ngupa jPu;f;fj;juprp vd ek;Gfpd;wdu;. K`k;kJTf;F Kd; te;j jPu;f;fjuprpfs; Nehth> Mgpufhk;> NkhNr> jhtPJ> ,NaR kw;Wk; gyu;. Mdhy; K`k;kJTf;F Kd; te;j jPu;f;fj;juprpfspd; nra;jpfshfpa gioa kw;Wk; Gjpa Vw;ghLfs; fiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. Mifahy; mJ my;yh`;tpdhy; jil nra;ag;gl;L (`uk;)> filrpahf Fuhd; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ vd ek;Gfpd;wdu;.

`jP]; vd;gJ FuhDf;F mLj;jhw;Nghy ,];yhkpahpd; kiwE}y;fs; MFk;. `jP]; vd;gJ K`k;kJtpd; vy;yh nrhw;fSk; nray;fSk; MFk;. Fuhdpy; nrhy;yg;glhj mNef nra;jpfs; `jP];fspy; nrhy;yg; gl;Ls;sd. Mdhy; ,J FuhDf;F epfuhdJ my;y.

,];yhkpd;;gb ,NaR fpwp];J xU jPu;f;fj;juprp kl;LNk> ru;t ty;yikAs;s Njtd; my;y. mtu;fs; jpupj;Jtj;ijAk; (5: 73)> ,NaRtpd; gpuhar;rpj;j gypiaAk; (4: 157-158) epuhfupf;fpd;wdu;. Fuhdpd;gb ,NaR rpYitapy; miwag;gltpy;iy. my;yh`;tplk; kdk; jpUk;gp tpRthrpj;J> ,];yhkpar; rl;lq;fSf;Ff; fPo;g;gbtNj ,ul;rpg;gpd; topahFk;. gypfshy; ,ul;rpg;G tuhJ (3: 135@ 7: 8-9@ 21: 47@ 49: 14@ 66: 8-9). my;yh`;Tf;F ,iz fw;gpg;gNj ,];yhkpy; kpfg; ngupa ghtkhFk;.

,];yhkpd; ,iwapay; gpopT mtu;fspd; Ie;J J}z;fspy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mtu;fs; J}ju;fs; kw;Wk; [pd;;fisAk; ek;Gfpd;wdu;. ey;ytu;fSf;F nrhu;f;fKk; jPatu;fSf;F eufKk; fpilf;Fk; vd tpRthrpf;fpd;wdu;. ,];yhkpy; mNef fl;Lg;ghLfs; cz;L.

Mwhk; E}w;whz;by; mNugpahtpy; Muk;gpj;j ,];yhkhdJ> [pfhj; %ykhf cynfq;Fk; gutpdJ. vy;yh ehLfspYk; ,];yhk; cs;sJ. ,];yhkpd; Nehf;fkhdJ nkhj;j cyfj;ijAk; xNu(,];yhkpd;) Filapd; fPo; nfhz;L tUtjhFk; (\upah). ,ij gy topfspy; eilKiwg;gLj;j Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdu;.

,];yhkpYk; cl;gpupTfs; cz;L. Kf;fpakhd cl;gpupTfs; \pah> Rd;dp gpupTfs; MFk;. ,th;fs; xUth; ,d;ndhUtiu fPohdtuhfTk;> vjphpahfTk; fUJth;. NkYk; gy cl;gpupTfs; cz;L (#gp). ,tu;fSf;Fs; gpur;ridfSk; cgNjr tpj;jpahrq;fSk; cz;L. Aj;jq;fSk; elg;gJz;L.

,];yhkpaupd; gpujhd Gz;zpa jykhf mNugpa Njrj;jpd; nkf;fh kw;Wk; kjPdh fhzg;gLfpwJ. mq;Nf `[; ahj;jpiu nry;y Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; mtu;fspd; vy;yh n[gq;fSk; nkf;fhit Nehf;fpr; nra;ag;gLtjhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

Nkw;$wpa nra;jpfspd; tpupthd ghlj;ij ehk; gpd;ghf ghu;f;fyhk;.

1.2 ,];yhk; kjj;ijf; Fwpj;J fpwp];jtu;fs; gbf;f Ntz;bajd; fhuzq;fs;

,d;iwf;F cyf kjkhfpa ,];yhikf; Fwpj;J fpwp];jtu;fs; mwpa Ntz;baJ fhyj;jpd; fl;lhakhf cs;sJ. Vnddpy; ,];yhkhdJ fpwp];jtj;jpd; nfhs;iffis cs;thq;fpf; nfhz;L> gpwF mitfsp;y; khw;wk; nra;J. iggps; jtW vdTk;> iggpspd; Nghjidfisg; gpd;gw;WNthu; eufj;jpw;Fr; nry;thu;fs; vdTk; $WfpwJ. iggpSf;F tpNuhjkhd Nghjidfisf; Fwpj;J ehk; vr;rupf;ifahapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F. mitfs; vd;d vd;gij Kjypy; ehk; mwp;e;J itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mifahy; ehk; ,];yhikf; Fwpj;Jg; gbf;f Ntz;Lk;.

kl;Lky;y> ,];yhkpau; cyif ,];yhk; kakhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ciof;fpd;wdu;. ,jw;fhf fpwp];jtu;fisAk; ,];yhKf;F khw;w Kad;W tUfpd;wdu;. ,];yhkpd; Nghjidfs; fu;j;jupd; Ntjj;jpw;F vjpuhdgbahy;> ,J eilngwhkypUf;f Ntz;Lk;. “rj;jpaj;ij mwptPu;fs;. rj;jpak; cq;fis tpLjiyahf;Fk;” (Nahthd;. 8: 32). rj;jpak; vJntd;W njupe;J nfhs;Sk; mNj Ntisapy;> vJ rj;jpaky;y vd;Wk; njupe;J itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

ehk; Vd; ,];yhikf; Fwpj;J gbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F %d;W fhuzq;fisf; $wyhk;.

,];yhikf; FwpjJg; gbg;gij iggps; MNkhjpf;fpwJ

iggpspy; mg;Ngh];jdhfpa gTy; Gw[hjpfspd; ,yf;fpar; nrhw;fspy; rpytw;iwg; gad;gLj;jpAs;shu;. mitfspd; Nehf;fk;> fpwp];jt tpRthrj;jpd; cz;ikj;jd;ikia epiyepWj;Jtjw;fhfNt MFk;. mjw;F mtu; Gw ,dj;jhupd; kiw E}y;fisAk; epr;rak; mwpe;J itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mitahtd:

mg;Ngh];jyu; 17: 28

“Vnddpy; mtUf;Fs; ehk; gpiof;fpNwhk;> mirfpNwhk;> ,Uf;fpNwhk.;; mg;gbNa cq;fs; Gytu;fspYk; rpyu;: ehk; mtUila re;jjpahu; vd;W nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhu;fs;.”

,t;thf;fpaj;jpd; Kjw;gFjpahdJ vgpnkdp];ldpd; fpujpf;fhtpypUe;Jk;> ,uz;lhk; gFjpahdJ muhl]; ]{a]{f;F ghbd ghlypypUe;J tUfpwJ. ,itfs; fpNuf;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; #a]{f;F ghlg;gl;bUe;jhYk;> cz;ikapy; ,g;ghlypd; nra;jpahdJ> iggpspd; Njtdhfpa fu;j;jUf;Nf cupaJ vd gTy; $Wfpd;whu;.

1 nfhup. 15: 33

“Nkhrk;NghfhjpUq;fs;; Mfhj rk;gh\izfs; ey;nyhOf;fq;fisf; nfLf;Fk;.”

%yk;: (Socrates, Ecclesiastical History 3.16)

jPj;J. 1: 12

“fpNuj;jhjPthu; Xahg;ngha;au;> J\;lkpUfq;fs;> ngUtapw;Wr; Nrhk;Ngwpfs; vd;W mtu;fspy; xUtdhfpa mtu;fs; jPu;f;fjuprpahdtNd nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhd;.”

%yk:; vgpnkd;l]pd; “Concerning Oracles”

gTy; ,f;$w;Wfis ,q;Nf cgNahfpj;jpUe;jhYk;> ,tu;fspd; ngaiuf;$l Fwpg;gplhjJ ftdpf;fj; jf;fJ. Vnddpy; ,g;Gytu;fspd; vy;yhf;$w;WfSk; rupahdjy;y vd;gjhNyahFk;

,];yhk; cyif jd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;L tUtij thQ;rpf;fpwJ.

#uh. 9: 33
#uh. 48: 28
#uh. 61: 9
Gj;jfk; 52> `jP]; 196

,t;thf;fpaq;fspd;gb> ,];yhk; cyif jd; trkhf;fp tpl;lhy;> fpwp];jtj;jpw;Fk; kw;w vy;yh Rje;jpuq;fSf;Fk; ,lkpy;iy. MfNt> ehk; ,];yhikf; Fwpj;J vr;rupf;ifahapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,];yhikf; Fwpj;Jg; gbg;gjhy; ,];yhkpaUf;F RtpNr\k; mwptpf;f KbAk;.

,];yhk; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; %yk; tUk; ,ul;rpg;ig kWjypf;fpd;wJ. mtu;fs; jq;fs; Ra fpupiafspd; %yNk ,ul;rpg;G tUtjhf ek;Gfpd;wdu;.

#uh. 5: 9> #uh. 11: 11> #uh. 11: 11> #uh. 23: 102-103> #uh. 21: 47

,ul;rpg;igf; Fwpj;J iggps; $WtJ:

Nahthd;. 3: 16> mg;. 4:12> Nuhku;. 3: 23> Nuhku;> 3: 28> Nuhku;. 4: 5> Nuhku;. 5: 1.

Njtd; ,];yhkpaUk; ,ul;rpf;fg;gl tpUk;Gfpwhu;.

,f;fhuzq;fspd;gb> ehk; ,];yhikf; Fwpj;Jg; gbg;gJ iggps; mbg;gilapyhdJ MFk;.

1.3 ,];yhk; kjj;ijf; Fwpj;J fpwp];jtu;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba fhupaq;fs;.

,];yhk; kjj;ijf; Fwpj;J Vd; gbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ghu;j;j ehk;> ,];yhkpy; ehk; vd;ndd;d fhupaq;fisf; Fwpj;J mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw epr;raj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,q;Nf ,];yhkpy; ehk; mwpa Ntz;ba fhupaq;fisf; Fwpj;j RUf;fkhd Ma;itf; fhz;Nghk;.

K`k;kJ (fp.gp. 570-632)

gpwg;G – nkf;fh> rTjp mNugpah
MW tajpy; mehij Mfpwhu;. gpd;du; ghtq;fisf; Fwpj;j Fw;w czu;T thl;LfpwJ. NkYk;> ,th; typg;G NehAilath; .(Epilepsy)
jd;idtpl 15 taJ %j;jtuhd xU kpfg;ngupa nry;te;juhd fjP[hit jpUkzk; Gupfpwhu;.
jdJ 35k; taJ Kjy; nkf;fhtpd; kiyf; Fiffspy; jpahdj;ij Muk;gpf;fpwhu;.
jpBnud;W xU ehs; mtuJ jpahdj;jpy; [pg;uhapy; (fhgpupNay;) J}jd; mtUf;Fj; juprdkhdjhfTk;;. mij Muk;gj;jpy; re;Njfg;gl;lhYk; gpd;du; mij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljhfTk; $wpdhh;. mtu; [pg;uhapyplkpUe;J 23 Mz;Lfshf ngw;wjhff; $wpa ntspg;ghNl gpwF Fuhd; MfpwJ.
mtuJ Muk;g fhy re;Njfk; jPu;e;j gpd;> mtu; jhd; ngw;w nra;jpiag; gpurq;fpf;f Muk;gpf;fpwhu;.(ghu;f;f Fuhd; 81)
gj;J mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF nkf;fhtpypUe;J ahj;jpupGf;F (kjPdh) gazpf;fpwhu;. ,J n`fPuh vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
ahj;jpupgpy; mtuJ Nghjid ntw;wpailfpwJ. mij kjPdhthf khw;wp> Kjy; k#jpia vOg;Gfpwhu;.
[dtup 630 apy;> gj;jhapuk; NgNuhL te;J. nkf;fhitg;gpbj;J> fhgit jd; trkhf;fp> mij Rj;jpfupf;fpwhu;.
gp. 632 apy; Neha;tha;g;gl;L kupf;fpwhu;.
K`k;kJ nra;j nkhj;j jpUkzq;fs; 13 MFk;.

1.3.1 ,];yhkpd; tsu;r;rp

K`k;kJTf;Fg; gpd; te;j Kjy; fhyp/g; Mfpa mG+ gf;fh; (633-34) Fuhid xUq;fpizf;fpwhu;.
,uz;lhtJ fhypg;ghfpa ckupd; (634-44) fhyj;jpy; mtuJ jsgjpahfpa fhypl; ,gpd; my;-thypl; (Khalid ibn al walid) %ykhf kj;jpa fpof;fpd; ngUthupahd gFjpfs; ifg;gw;wg;gLfpd;wd. NkYk; vUrNyk; (638)> nrrupah (640)> ghy];jPdk;> vfpg;J (639-641)> <uhf; (637)> ngu;rpah (640-69)> JUf;fp (640-652) Nghd;w gFjpfSk; ,];yhkpd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; te;jd.
INuhg;ghtpy; Eioa Kad;w ,];yhkpau; gpuhd;rpy; fp.gp. 732 y; Battle of Toursy; jLj;J epWj;jg;gl;ldu;.

1.3.2 ,];yhkpd; Ie;J J}z;fs;

tpRthr mwpf;if XJjy;
n[gk; jpdrup Ie;J Kiw
jhd ju;kk;
ukyhd; Nehd;G
`[; ahj;jpiu

1.3.3 ,];yhKk; jhu;kPf tho;Tk;

J}a tho;T thOjy;
kJghdk;> gd;wp ,iwr;rp> rPl;L tpisahLjy; Nghd;witfSf;Fj; jil

1.3.4 ,];yhkpd; MW mbg;gil cgNjrq;fs;

Njtd;

ngau; my;yh`;
xUtu;> jpupj;Jtk; my;y

NjtJ}ju;fs;

ghJfhf;Fk; J}ju;fs;
fpupiafisg; gjpT nra;Ak; J}ju;fs;
kuz J}jd;
Fuhid ntspg;gLj;jpd J}jd; [pg;uhapy; (iggpspy; fhgpupNay;)

Fuhd;

filrpahd NtjE}y;
jtwhjJ
Vohk; thdj;jpy; RUspy; cs;s flTspd; thf;Ff;F xj;jJ
Ke;ija Ntjq;fshfpa jdhf; (Tanak) kw;Wk; fpwp];jtu;fspd; iggps; ,WjpahdJ my;y.
Fuhdpd; nkhopg;ngau;g;Gfs; Fuhd; my;y. mitfs; tpahf;fpahdq;fs;.

K`k;kJ

K`k;kJNt my;yh`;tpd; filrpAk; gpujhdkhd ,iwJ}ju;
Ke;ija ,iwj;J}ju;fshfpa Mgpufhk;. NkhNr> ,NaR Nghd;Nwhiu tpl rpwe;jtUk; kFlKkhthu;.
K`k;kJ nja;tPfkhdtUky;y
ve;j mw;GjKk; nra;atpy;iy

,Wjp epahaj;jPu;g;G

filrp ehspy; flTSf;F Kd;ghf vy;yh Md;khf;fSk; fzf;nfhg;Gtpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,Wjp epahaj;jPu;g;igf; Fwpj;j ,];yhkpd; Nghjidfspy; nrhNuh];bupa> A+j> fpwp];jt ,Wjpfhy Nghjidfspd; jhf;fk; cs;sJ.
me;ehs; my;yh`;Tf;F kl;LNk njupAk;.

Kd;Fwpj;jy;

vy;yhNk my;yh`;thy; Kd;Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Neuhd topapYk; jtwhd topapYk; my;yh`;Nt top elj;Jfpwhu;.

,];yhkpa tho;f;if Kiw

\upah rl;lj;ijg; gpd;gw;WtNj ,];yhkpaupd; tho;f;if KiwahFk;.
rpy kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; ,it fl;lhakhfg; gpdgw;;wg;gLfpd;wd. cjh: rTjp mNugpah
,J fbdkhdJk; kw;Wk; rPuhd kdpj tho;T Kiwf;F vjpuhdJkhFk;.

,];yhKk; Aj;jKk;

Xt;nthU ,];yhkpaDk; flTspd; rpj;jj;Jf;F jd;id xg;Gf;nfhLf;f> jdpg;gl;l tpjj;jpy; Nghuhl Ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; [pfhj; Aj;jk; kpfTk; fbdkhdJ.
[pfhj; Aj;jk; – Fuhd; 47:4 – 8
[pfhj;jpy; kupj;jhy; guNyhfk; nry;y vspa top cz;L – Fuhd; 4: 75@ Fuhd; 9: 110@ Fuhd; 44: 52.
[pfhj;jpypUe;J gpd;thq;fpdhy; eufk; nry;y NeupLk; (Fuhd; 8: 14>15)

1.3.7 ,];yhkpNahu; my;yhNjhiuf; Fwpj;j ,];yhkpaupd; epiyg;ghL

,];yhk; xU ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;wpdhy;>

fpwp];jtu;fSk; A+ju;fSk; Gj;jfj;jpd; kf;fsha; ,Ug;gjhYk;> tpf;fpuf Muhjidf;fhuuha; ,y;yhjgbapdhYk;> mtu;fs; \upah rl;lj;jpw;Ff; fPo;g;gbfpwtiuapYk; mtu;fis ,];yhKf;F fl;lhakhf khw;wk; nra;af; $lhJ.
fpwp];jtu;fSk; A+ju;fSk; jq;fs; gps;isfis> jq;fs; kj Nfhl;ghLfspy; tsu;f;fyhk;. Mdhy; NtW ahiuAk; jq;fs; kjj;jpw;F khw;wk; nra;af;$lhJ. khj;jpuky;y> mtu;fs; [p];ah (Jizyah) tupiaAk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
fpwp];jtu;fs; A+ju;fs; my;yhj midtUk; cldbahf ,];yhikj; jOt Ntz;Lk;. ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy; mtu;fs; nfhiy nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
,];yhikr; Nruhj ve;j Ml;rpAk; murhq;fKk; jPq;fhdit. MfNt cldbahf Ml;rp mjpfhuk; ,];yhkpd; Filapd; fPo; tu Ntz;Lk;. cjh: rPNahdpak; (Zionism) xopa Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw Fuy;.

1.3.8 ,];yhkpd; cl;gpupTfs;

Rd;dp gpuptpdu; – 85 rjtPjk;

K`k;kJ filrp jPu;f;fj;juprp
\upah rl;lk;

\pah gpuptpdu; – 10 rjtPjk;

,khk;
<uhd;> <uhf;> rpupah> nygNdhd;

#/gp gpuptpdu; – rpwpa $l;lk;
NkYk; gy c;l;gpuptpdu;

1.3.9 ,];yhkpd; Gz;zpa jyq;fs;

nkf;fh – mjp Kf;fpa Gz;zpa jyk;
fhgh fy; (Kabah Cube)
rk;rk; fpzW (Zam Zam Well)
kjPdh
vUrNyk;
Dome of the Rock
Al Aqsa Mosque

,];yhiktpl fpwp];jtk; fbdkhdjh?

,];yhk; vt;thW mguptpjkhf tsUfpwJ? Vd; ,];yhkpaiu fpwp];JTf;Fs; elj;JtJ fbdkhf cs;sJ? ,jw;fhd tpil ghtk; kw;Wk; ,ul;rpg;igf; Fwpj;j ,t;tpU kjq;fspd; Nghjidapy; cs;sJ. ,];yhkpy; ,ul;rpg;G Ra fpupiafspdhy; tUfpwJ. fpwp];jtj;jpy; ,ul;rpg;G> xU kdpjd;> jdJ ghtq;fSf;fhf ,NaR fpwp];J kupj;J %d;whk; ehspy; caph;j;njOe;jhh; vd;gij tpRthrpg;gjd; %yk; tUfpwJ.

xU fpwp];jt vOj;jhsuplk; xU ,];yhkpau; ,t;thwhff; Nfl;lhu; “Vd; vq;fs; ,];yhk; cq;fs; fpwp];jtj;ijtpl ntw;wpfukhf cs;sJ?” vd;W. fpwp];jtu; rw;W rpe;jpj;J tpl;L> ,t;thwhff; $wpdhu;. ,];yhkhdJ fpwp];jtj;ij tpl Vw;Wf;nfhs;s xU tifapy; vspjhdjhFk;. Vndd;why; Fuhdpy;> iggpspy; cs;sJ Nghy “epu;g;ge;jkhd kD\d; ehd;! ,e;j kuz ruPuj;jpdpd;W ahu; vd;id tpLjiyahf;Fthu;?” (Nuhku;. 7: 24) vd;Nwh my;yJ “vd; khkprj;jpy; ed;ik thrkhapUf;fpwjpy;iynad;W ehd; mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd;” (Nuhku;. 7: 18) vd;Nwh ,y;iy. khwhf> ,];yhkhdJ kdpju; mbg;gilapy; ey;ytu;fshapUf;fpwhu;fs; vd;W Nghjpf;fpwJ. NkYk;> Ra fpupiafspdhy; ,ul;rpg;G tUk; vd;fpw ,];yhkpd; NghjidahdJ> Ra ePjpiaAk; ngUikiaAk; nfhz;L tUtjhNy mNefu; mij tpUk;Gfpwhu;fs;. Mdhy; iggpNsh “kdpjdpd; Ra ePjpnay;yhk; mOf;fhd fe;ijaha; cs;sJ” (Vrhah. 64: 6) vdf; $WfpwJ. ,e;j cz;ikia Vw;Wf;nfhs;s rpyUf;Ff; fbdkhfj;jhd; cs;sJ vd fpwp];jtu; gjpyspj;J tpl;L ,t;thwhf epiwT nra;jhu; – “cile;j ,Ujaj;jpd; kjk; fpwp];jtk;> ,];yhk; my;y” vd;W.

ghlk; 02

K`k;kJtpd; tho;f;if

2.1 mNugpa Njrk; – Mwhk; E}w;whz;by;

2.2 K`k;kJtpd; gpwg;Gk; Muk;gfhy tho;Tk; – K`k;kJTld; fjP[htpd; jpUkzk;

2.3 K`k;kJtpd; tho;tpy; Vw;gl;l jpUg;GKid

2.4 ,];yhkpd; Muk;g epiy

2.5 Fuhd;

2.6 K`k;kJTk; fpwp];jtu;fSk; A+ju;fSk;

2.7 n`fPuh

2.8 K`k;kJtpd; Aj;jq;fSk; ,];yhk; ];jhgpf;fg;gLjYk;

2.9 K`k;kJtpd; kuzk;

KO cyfpYk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;gb tho;e;jtu;fs; ntF rpyNu. mjpy; Kjyhkhdtu; ,NaR fpwp];J. mjd; gpwF gTy;> gioa Vw;ghl;by; Mgpufhk;> NkhNr Nghd;Nwhiuf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. mjw;F mLj;j epiyapy; gTYf;Fg; gpwF cyfstpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpatu; K`k;kJ Mthu;. Mwhk; kw;Wk; Vohk; E}w;whz;by; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; tho;e;j mtu; flTsplkpUe;J ntspg;ghLfisg; ngw;wjhff; $wp te;jhu;. mtuJ NghjidAk; mjd; jhf;fKNk ,];yhk; kjkhf khwpdJ. ,g;ghlj;jpy; mtuJ tho;f;ifiag; gw;wpa RUf;fkhd fz;Nzhl;lk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

2.1 mNugpa Njrk; – Mwhk; E}w;whz;by;

K`k;kJtpd; tho;f;ifiaf; Fwpj;Jg; gbg;gjw;F Kd;ghf Mwhk; E}w;whz;bd; mNugpa Njrj;jpd; epiyikiaf; Fwpj;J mwptJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. Mwhk; E}w;whz;bd; mNugpahahdJ> thzpgu;fshYk;> nfhs;isf; $l;lj;jhuhYk; ehNlhbfshYk; epiwe;jpUe;jJ. md;iwa mNugpahtpy; ehNlhbfs; INuhg;ghtpypUe;J rPdh nry;yf; $ba $l;L tz;b tu;j;jfu;fNshL (Caravan Traders) thzpgj; njhlu;gpy; ,Ue;jdu;. kl;Lky;y> ,];yhkpd; vOr;rpiaf; Fwpj;J mwptjw;F mNugpahtpd; Gtpapaiyf; Fwpj;Jk; ehk; mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mNugpahtpd; tlf;Nf rpd;d MrpahTk; (JUf;fp)> njw;Nf ngu;rpahtpd; kiyfSk;> Nkw;Nf nrq;flYk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Mifahy; mNugpah ehlhdJ cyfpfpd; gpw gFjpfsplkpUe;J xU tifapy; gpup;f;fg;gl;bUe;jJ vdyhk;.

mNugpahtpd; mf;fhyf; Fbfs;

K`k;kJtpd; gpwg;Gf;F Kd;ghf> mNugpahtpy; tho;e;j kf;fs; mNugpau; vdg;gLfpd;wdu;. mf;fhy mNugpahthdJ> NrhiyahfTk; twz;ljhdTk; fhzg;gl;lgbahy;> kf;fs; rpwpa $l;lkhfNt tho;e;J te;jdu;. mtu;fs; gy Nfhj;jpuq;fshfg; gpupe;J tho;e;jdu;. mNugpau;fspd; xNu ntspNjrj; njhlu;ghdJ $l;L tz;b tu;j;jfu;fSlNdahFk;. $l;L tz;b rhiyahdJ mNugpahit rpupah> vfpg;J kw;Wk; ngu;rpahNthL ,izj;jJ. $l;L tz;bf;fhuiu jhf;fp> nfhs;isabj;J> mg;goq;Fbapdu; tho;e;J te;jdu;. $l;L tz;bf;fhuu; gzk; nfhLj;jhy; kl;LNk mNugpauplkpUe;J ghJfhg;ghf nry;yf; $ba epiyik ,Ue;jJ.

nkf;fhTk; fh/ghTk;

mNugpa jPgfw;gkhdJ gy Nfhtpy;fisAk; nja;tq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpajhapUe;jJ. mNugpahtpd; Kf;fpag; gl;lzkhf nkf;fh fhzg;gl;lJ. nkf;fhtpd; Kf;fpa Gz;zpa jykhf ,Ue;jJ fh/ghthFk;. mJ fd tbtpy;(cube) fhzg;gl;lJ. me;j fhghtpw;F cs;Ns Kf;fpa fy;yhfpa fUg;Gf; fy;Yk;> mijr; Rw;wpYk; 360 gy nja;t tpf;fpufq;fSk; fhzg;gl;ld. me;jf; fy;iy tzq;fpdhy; 360 tpf;fpufq;fisAk; tzq;fpdjw;F rkkhFk;. ,d;iwa ,];yhkpau; ,ij “n[`pypah” my;yJ “mwpahikapd; fhyk;” vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;. ,];yhkpd; tUiff;Fg;gpwF fh/ghitr; Rw;wpapUe;j tpf;fpufq;fs; mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl;L tpl;ld. Mdhy; me;jf; fUg;Gf; fy; ,d;iwf;Fk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. nkf;fhTk; fh/ghTk; ,d;wsTk; ,];yhkpaUf;F kpfTk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

2.2 K`k;kJtpd; gpwg;Gk; Muk;gfhy tho;Tk; – K`k;kJTld; fjP[htpd; jpUkzk;

K`k;kJ nkf;fhtpy; [Pd; 8> 570 fp;.gp;. apy; gpwe;jhu;. mtu; gpwe;j Nfhj;jpukhfpa Fnua;\; (Quraish) jhd; md;iwa nkf;fhit Mz;L nfhz;bUe;jJ. mtuJ jfg;gdhu; mg;Jy;yh mtu; gpwf;Fk; Kd;Ng ,we;J tpl;lhu;. mtuJ jhahu; mkPdh mtuJ MW tajpy; ,we;J tpl;lhu;fs;. K`k;kJ KjyhtJ mtuJ jhj;jhthfpa mg;Jy; Kj;jhypg;gpdhYk; (Abdul Muthalib) mjd; gpd;du; mtuJ kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF mtuJ khkhthfpa mGjhypg; (Abutalib) MfpNahuhy; tsu;f;fg;gl;lhu;. mtuJ FLk;gk; `h\pk; (Hashim) FLk;gk; vd miof;fg;gl;lJ.

,];yhkpa rup;j;jpuj;jpd;gb K`k;kJtpd; tho;f;if kpf rhjhuzkhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. mtu; ve;j nry;tj;ijAk; Rfj;ijAk; mDgtpf;ftpy;iy. gyu; mtiu mw;gkhfg; ghu;j;jdu;. (Fuhd; 43: 30). K`k;kJtpd; khkdhfpa mGjhypg; thzpgj;jpy; <Lgl;bUe;jhu;. mtNuhL $l thzpg; gazj;jpy; K`k;kJTk; nry;Ytij thbf;ifahff; nfhz;bUe;jhu;. mg;gbr; nry;Yk; NghJ fpwp];jtu;fisAk; A+ju;fisAk; re;jpj;jhu;. khj;jpuky;y> mtu;fsJ ek;gpfiffisAk; Nfl;lwpe;jpUe;jhu;. ,tu;fNs gpw;fhyj;jpy; Gj;jfj;jpd; kf;fs; vd miof;fg;glyhapdu; (Fuhd; 3: 64> 71> 187;@; 5: 59)

K`k;kJTk; jd; Muk;g fhy tho;tpy; jd; Kd;Ndhiug; NghyNt tpf;fpuf tzf;fj;jpy; <Lgl;L te;jhu;. fh/ghtpd; 360 nja;tq;fisAk; tzq;fp te;jhu;. mtu;fSf;F gypAk; nrYj;jp te;jhu;. K`k;kJtpd; Muk;g fhy tho;T ,t;thwhfj;jhd; fhzg;gl;lJ.

K`k;kJTf;F fjP[h vd;w ngUk; nry;te;jduhd xU ngz;Zld; thzpgj;jpd; %ykhf gof;fk; Vw;gl;lJ. fjP[h gy $l;L tz;bfis itj;jpUe;jhu;. K`k;kJNt mitfSf;nfy;yhk; nghWg;ghsuhf ,Ue;jhu;. ehsiltpy; mtu;fs; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;ldu;. fjP[h Vw;fdNt tpjitahdtu; kl;Lky;y> mtu;fs; tajpYk; ngupa tpj;jpahrk; fhzg;gl;lJ. K`k;kJ fjP[hitj; jpUkzk; GupAk; ;NghJ 25 taJilatuhf ,Ue;jhu;. mg;NghJ fjP[htpw;F taJ 40. Mdhy; ,jpYk; ed;ik ,Ue;jJ. ,Jtiu kpfTk; Vioahf ,Ue;j K`k;kJ ,g;NghJ ngupa nry;te;juhfp tpl;lhu;. jw;NghJ mtuJ thzpgj;jpd; %yk; gy;NtW kjj;jpdiuAk;> fpwp];jtu;fspy; gyjug;gl;ltu;fisAk;> Fwpg;ghf fpwp];jtj;jpy; Ju;g;Nghjid gug;gfpwtu;fisAk;> jdJ gy;NtW thzpgg; gpuahzq;fspy; re;jpj;J> mtu;fsJ gy;NtW Nghjidfis mwpe;J nfhz;lhu;.

2.3 K`k;kJtpd; tho;tpy; Vw;gl;l jpUg;GKid

K`k;kJ jdJ 35 –tJ tajpypUe;J nkf;fhTf;F ntspNa cs;s `Puh kiyapy; (Mt.Hira) cs;s xU Fifapy; jdpahf jpahdk; nra;tij tof;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;jhu;. mg;gbapUf;Fk;NghJ xU ehs; jpahdj;jpy; xU J}jd; jd ;;Kd; Njhd;wpdjhff; $wpdhu;. Jjd; xU nfhba [pd;dhapUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd epidj;J jdJ kidtpaplk; $wpdhu; (Fuhd;. 81: 19-29). [pd; vd;gJ ,];yhkpd;gb G+kpapy; thrk; nra;Ak; nfhba Mtpfs; MFk;. rpy fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpw;ghL fp.gp. 610 –k; Mz;L> ukyhd; khjk; 26 –k; jpajpapy;> Fifapy; mtu; jdpahf jpahdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ jdf;F Kd;ghf [pg;uhapy; J}jd; Njhd;wpdjhfTk;> mtu; jd;dplk; $wpaij vy;yhk; XJtjw;Ff; $wpdjhfTk; $wpdhu; (Fuhd;. 96: 1-19).mg;NghJ K`k;kJTf;F taJ 40. fhgpupNay; Kjypy; jd;dplk; “vOk;gp> vr;rup” vdf; $wp (Fuhd;. 74: 2)> mNugpa kf;fs; tpf;fpuf tzf;fj;jpdpd;W tpLjiyahfp xNu flTshfpa my;yh`;it Nrtpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W gug;Giu nra;aNtz;Lk; vdf; $wpajhfTk; $wpdhu;. ,e;j rk;gtk; K`k;kJtpd; tho;tpy; xU ngupa jpUg;GKidia Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

2.4 ,];yhkpd; Muk;g epiy

,J Kjw;nfhz;L> my;yh`;tpdhy; fhgpupNay; %ykhf nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ vd mth; fUjpa ,];yhkpd; Nghjidiag; gug;GtNj K`k;kJtpd; jiyaha gzpahdJ. KjyhtJ K`k;kJ jdJ jfg;gDila tpf;fpufq;fis vy;yhk; mopj;J> jdJ Gjpa ek;gpf;ifiag; gug;g Muk;gpj;jhu;. mtu; jdJ [dq;fsplk; tpf;fpuf tzf;fj;ij tpl;nlhopj;J> ed;ik nra;J> xNu flTshfpa my;yh`;itNa Nrtpf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; $wpdhu;. NkYk; kdpjd; flTspd; mbik vd;Wk;> epahaj;jPu;g;G ehspy; xt;nthUtupd; fpupiafSk; mstplg;gl;L> ed;ik nra;jtu;fs; nrhu;f;fj;jpw;Fk; jPik mjpfkhfr; nra;jtu;fs; eufj;jpw;Fk; nry;thu;fs; vdg; Nghjpj;jhu;.

KjyhtJ> K`k;kJtpd; Nghjidia fjP[hTk; mtuJ xd;Wtpl;l rNfhjuu; mypAk;> ira;aJ ,gpDk; tpRthrpj;jdu;. mLj;jjhf mGgf;fUk; ,ize;jhu;. ,];yhk; Kjy; %d;W Mz;Lfspy; ehw;gJ Ngiu rk;ghjpj;jJ.

,d;ndhU gf;fj;jpy; vjpu;g;GfSk; ngUfpd. K`k;kJtpd; Nfhj;jpukhfpa Fnua;\; apNyNa vjpu;g;Gfs; ngUfpd. Vndd;why; K`k;kJtpd; FLk;gk; jhd; fh/ghtpYs;s tpf;fpufq;fisg; ghJfhj;J te;jdu;. kl;Lky;y> ,jdhy; mtu;fSf;F ey;y MjhaKk; fpilj;jJ. Mifahy; mtiuj; jLj;jhu;fs;> nfhy;yTk; Kaw;rpj;jhu;fs;. Mdhy; mtuJ khkhthfpa mGjhypg; %ykhf mtuJ capu; fhf;fg;gl;lJ. Fuha;\; Nfhj;jpuj;jhu; ,];yhkpaiuj; Jd;gg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;;. Mdhy; K`k;kJ jdJ nfhs;ifia tpl;Lf; nfhLf;ftpy;iy.

2.5 Fuhd;

K`k;kJ Muk;gj;jpypUe;J jdJ kuzk; tiuf;Fk; (fp.gp. 632–23 Mz;Lfs;) My;yh`;tplkpUe;J fhgpupNay; %ykhf> jdpikapy; ngw;wjhff; $wpa ntspg;ghLfNs ‘Fuhd;’ MdJ. K`k;kJTf;F thrpf;f kw;Wk; vOjj; njupahjjpdhNy> vy;yh ntspg;ghLfisAk; kdg;ghlk; nra;Ak;gb $wg;gl;lJ. mitfisNa gpwF mtu; Xjpdhu;. Muk;gj;jpy; mtu; ngw;w ntspg;ghLfis mtNu re;Njfpj;jhu;. Mdhy; mtuJ kidtpAk; xd;;W tpl;l rNfhjuDk; mtu; my;yh`;tplkpUe;J jhd; ntspg;ghL ngw;whu; vd cw;rhfg;gLj;jpdu;. gpwF> ,ij re;Njfpg;gJ ghtk; vd Fwpg;gl;Ls;shu; (Fuhd;. 2: 97). K`k;kJtpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;G mtuplkpUe;J XJjiyg; ngw;wtu;fs; vd;W $wg;gLgtu;fshy; Fuhd; vOjg;gl;lJ. ,JNt gpwF ,];yhkpaupd; Gdpj E}yhapw;W.

2.6 K`k;kJTk; fpwp];jtu;fSk; A+ju;fSk;

nkf;fhtpy; ,];yhk; vjpu;f;fg;gl;lgbapdhy; K`k;kJTk; 75 ,];yhkpaUkhf nrq;fliyf; fle;J mgprpdpahTf;F (,d;iwa vj;jpNahg;gpah) nrd;wdu;. mgprpdpahtpy; fpwp];jt Ml;rp eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. mgprpdpahtpd; kd;dhfpa neF]; ,];yhkpaiu Vw;Wf;nfhz;L ghJfhj;jhh;. neF];> ,];yhkpd; nra;jpAk; fpwp];jtj;jpd; nra;jpAk; xd;Nw vdj; jtwhf ek;gpdhu;.

kl;Lky;y> md;W mNugpa nkhopapy; iggps; nkhopngau;f;fg;gltpy;iy. mNjhL> md;iwa mNugpau;fs; fpwp];Jitf; Fwpj;Jk; fpwp];jtj;ijf; Fwpj;Jk; jtwhd Ju;g;Nghjidfisf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. (v.fh.) Gnosticism, Adoptionism, Monophysticism. Muk;gj;jpy;> ,Jjhd; fpwp];jtk; vd;W K`k;kJ jtwhf ek;gpdhu;.

mNjhL K`k;kJ A+ju;fsplk; ey;y If;fpaj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhu;. md;iwf;F mNugpa jPgfw;gj;ijr; Rw;wpYk; a+jh;fs; fhzg;gl;ldu;. Fwpg;ghf Nahrhupg; (,d;iwa kjPdh) gl;lzj;jpy; epiwe;jpUe;jdu;. ,J nkf;fhTf;F tlf;Nf fhzg;gLfpwJ. mNugpahtpy; fhzg;gl;l tpf;fpuf Muhjidapdpkpj;jk; tpuf;jpaile;jpUe;j A+ju;fsplk; K`k;kJtpd; tpf;fpuf Muhjidf;F vjpuhd nra;jp cw;rhfj;ij mspj;jJ. K`k;kJ A+ju;fisg; gpupag;gLj;j mtu;fsplk;> Njtdpd; xUikj;jd;ik> tpf;fpuf Muhjidia xopj;jy;> gj;Jf;fw;gidfs;> kw;Wk; Mgpufhk; Fwpj;J cau;thfg; Ngrpdhu;. kl;Lky;yhky; A+ju;fis ‘my;yh`; Nfjhg;’ (my;yh`;tpd; kf;fs;) vd mioj;jhu;. mtNuhL mtu;fs; ,ize;jhy; mtu;fspd; vy;yhg; gpur;rpidfSf;Fk; jPu;T fhz;gjhf cWjpaspj;jhu;.

,jd;gpd;du; mNugpaUf;Fk; A+jUf;Fk; ,ilapy; xU cld;gbf;if Vw;gLj;jg;gl;L> ahj;jpupgpy; K`k;kJ tho;tjw;F Rje;jpuk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. me;Neuj;jpy; mtuJ nra;jpf;F vj;jpNahg;gpah kw;Wk; mgprpdpahtpy; tuNtw;G fhzg;gl;lJ. Mdhy;> gpwF mq;Fk; gpur;rpidfs; vOk;gpajhy; mtu; kPz;Lk; mNugpahtpw;F te;jhu;.

2.7 n`fPuh (Hegira)

jw;NghJ kjPdh vd;w ahj;jpupg;jhd; K`k;kJ kw;Wk; mtuJ Mjuthsu;fspd; jskhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. Mifahy; fpgp. 622 y; K`k;kJtpd; Mjuthsu;fs; midtUk; nkf;fhit tpl;L kjPdhTf;F ,lk; ngau;e;jdu;. ,J jhd; ,];yhkpd; Jtf;fkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,ij mtu;fs; n`fPuh vd miof;fpd;wdu; – (A+ju;fspd; ahj;jpuhfkj;ijg; Nghd;W). ,J [_iy 16> 622 y; eilngw;wJ. ,];yhkpa ehl;fhl;b [_iy 16> fp.gp. 622 y; ,Ue;J Jtq;FfpwJ.

n`fPuhthdJ %d;W fhuzq;fspdhy; ,];yhkpaUf;F kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ. Kjyhtjhf> ,];yhkpd; nra;jpahdJ> K`k;kJ vd;fpw jdp eguplkpUe;J khwp> jw;NghJ xU ngupa $l;lkhdJ. ,uz;lhtjhf> n`fPuhthdJ ‘,];yhk;’ vd;fpw Gjpa kjj;jpd; Jtf;fkhdJ. %d;whtjhf n`fPuhthdJ> ,];yhk; rpjwpapUe;j mNugpaiu xd;wpizj;J> ,];yhik xU murpay; rhk;uh[;[pakhf khw;wpajpd; Jtf;fkhapUe;jJ.

2.8 K`k;kJtpd; Aj;jq;fSk; ,];yhk; ];jhgpf;fg;gLjYk;

K`k;kJ ahj;jpupg;ig jPu;f;fj;juprpapd; gl;lznkd;W ngau;nfhs;Sk; ‘kjPdh’ vd;W ngau; khw;wpdhu;. K`k;kJ kjPdhit kj> r%f> murpay;> uhZt uPjpahf xw;Wikg;gLj;jpdhu;. ,e;Neuj;jpy; jhd; a+jNuhL mtUf;Fg;’ gpur;rid Muk;gpj;jJ. A+ju;fs; jtwhf Muhjid nra;tjhf mtu; Fw;wk; rhl;bdhu;. mtu;fis xJf;fpdhu;. A+ju;fisg;Nghy vUrNyik Nehf;fp n[gk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;j mtu;> jpBnud;W xUehs; nkf;fhit Nehf;fp n[gk; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhu;. ,jdhy; A+jUf;Fk; ,];yhkpaUf;Fk; Aj;jq;fs; Vw;gl;lJ. ,jpy; mNef A+ju;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;lhu;fs;. A+ju;fis ntw;wp nfhz;lhu;.

gpwF. NkYk; gy Aj;jq;fs; ele;jd. ,jpy; nkf;fhitr; rhu;e;j mNugpa Nfhj;jpuq;fNshL ele;j gju; kw;Wk; cFj; Aj;jq;fs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit. gju; Aj;jk; fp.gp. 624 y; eilngw;wJ. ,jpy; 319 ,];yhkpau; 1000 nkf;fhtpd; FbfNshL Nghupl;ldu;. Mdhy; Mr;rupag;gLk; tpjkhf ,jpNy ,];yhkpau; ntw;wp nfhz;ldu;. ,J my;yh`;tpd; nray; vd;W K`k;kJ Fwpg;gpl;lhu;. ,ij ‘Aj;jq;fspd; jha;’ vdf; $Wfpd;wdu;. ,uz;lhtJ Kf;fpa Aj;jkhfpa cFj; Aj;jkhdJ fp.gp. 625 y; eilngw;wJ. ,J n`fPuhtpd; %d;whtJ tUlkhFk;. fle;j Aj;jjijg; NghyNt> nkf;fhtpd; Fbfs; kPz;Lk; te;j ,];yhkpaNuhL Nghupl;ldu;. ,k;Kiw ,];yhkpaUk; K`k;kJTk; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;ldu;. K`k;kJ fhaKw;whu;.

,e;jj; Njhy;tpia ntw;wpahf khw;WtJ vg;gb vd;W K`k;kJ rpe;jpf;fyhdhu;. mg;NghJjhd; mtu; kdjpy; Njhd;wpaJ ‘[pfhj; Nfhl;ghL’. my;yh`;Tf;fhf [pfhj; Aj;jj;jpy; (Gdpjg;Nghu;) kupj;jhy; vspjpy; nrhu;f;fk; nry;yyhk; vdg; Nghjpj;jhu;. mtuJ [pfhj; Nghjid ntw;wpaile;jJ.

fp.gp. 630 y; jdJ 10>000 tPuNuhL nkf;fhit Kw;Wifapl;lhu;. ,jdhy; jpifj;Jg; Nghd nkf;fhtpYs;s mNugpau;fs;> ,];yhkpauplk; ruzile;jdu;. Mifahy;> ,jpy; xUtUk; nfhy;yg;gltpy;iy. K`k;kJ nkf;fhitj; jk; trg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhu;. mq;F mtu; fh/ghit VOKiw Rw;wp te;J> mijr; Rw;wpapUe;j 360 tpf;fpufq;fisAk; xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf mopj;jhu;. Mdhy; fh/ghit Kf;fpakhff; fUjpdhu;. Vnddpy;> ,e;jf; fy; Mgpufhkpdhy; ehl;lg;gl;;lJ vd mNugpau; fUjpdu;. ,t;thwhf midj;J mNugpaUk; ,];yhikj; jOtpdu;.

2.9 K`k;kJtpd; kuzk;

fp.gp. 632 y; K`k;kJ jdJ filrp gpurq;fj;ijr; nra;jhu;. mjd;gpd; NehAw;whu;. [_d; 8> 632 y; jdJ kidtpfSs; xUtuhfpa Map\htpw;F Kd;dhy; jdJ 62 tJ tajpy; kuzkile;jhu;. jdJ ,y;yj;jpNyNa mlf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lhu;. mtuJ khkdhuhfpa mG gf;fu; (Map\htpd; je;ij) ,];;yhkpd; mLj;j jiytu; (fhyp/g;) Mdhu;.

K`k;kJ jdJ tho;tpy; Gupe;j mwpag;gl;l jpUkzq;fs; 13 MFk;.

ghlk; 03

,];yhkpd; cl;gpupTfs;

3.1 K`k;kJtpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg;gpd;

3.2 Muk;g fhy fhyp/g;Gfs;

3.3 ,];yhkpy; cl;gpupTfspd; Jtf;fk;

3.4 Rd;dp> \pah tpj;jpahrq;fs;

3.5 #/gp K];yPk;fs;

3.6 ,];yhkpd; cl;gpupTfspy; rpe;jidg; gpupTfs;

3.6.1 Rd;dpg; gpuptpy;

3.6.2 \pah gpuptpy;

3.6.3 #/gp gpuptpy;

3.7 mfkjpau;fs;

fle;j ghlj;jpy; ehk; K`k;kJtpd; tho;f;ifiaf; Fwpj;Jg; ghu;itapl;Nlhk;. ,e;jg; ghlj;jpy; K`k;kJtpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; ,];yhkpy; Vw;gl;l cl;gpupTfisAk;> mitfspd; tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; ek;gpf;if tpj;jpahrq;fs; Fwpj;Jf; fw;Wf; nfhs;stpUf;fpNwhk;. ,];yhik ruptug; Gupe;J nfhs;s mitfspy; fhzg;gLk; cl;gpupTfisf; Fwpj;J mwpe;J nfhs;tJ fl;lhakhdjhFk;. ,ij mwptjpdhy; Vd; ,];yhkpaUf;fpilNa rz;ilapl;Lf; nfhs;fpwhu;fs; vd;gJ tpsq;fp tpLk;.

3.1 K`k;kJtpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;

K`k;kJ 632 y; kuzkile;jhu; vd Ke;jpd ghlj;jpy; fw;Nwhk;. mjd; gpd;du; ,];yhkpy; mNef khw;wq;fs; vw;gl;ld. Vohk; E}w;whz;L mNugpahtpy; ,uz;L rhk;uh[;aq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. Xd;W igrhd;ild; (fpwp];jt) rhk;uh[;[pak.; kw;wJ ngu;rpa (Rtuh];l;u) rhk;uh[;akhFk;. ,it ,uz;bw;Fk; ,ilapy; njw;fhf mNugpah fhzg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; K`k;kJ kuzkile;j E}W Mz;LfSf;Fs;shfNt> mjhtJ fp.gp. 732 f;F Kd;gjhfNt ,e;j ,uz;L rhk;uh[;aq;fSk; ,];yhkplk; tPo;r;rpaile;jd. ,e;j E}W Mz;Lfs; (fp.gp. 632-732) ,];yhkpd; kfpikahd Mz;Lfs; vd;W $wg;gLfpd;wJ.

K`k;kJtpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; ,d;iwa <uhf;> rpupah> kw;Wk; ghy];jPdk;> ngu;rpah> vfpg;J Nghd;wit ,];yhkpd; Filapd; fPo; te;jd. ,];;yhkpau; ifg;gw;wpd ,lq;fspnyy;yhk; mq;Fs;s G+u;tf;Fbfs; ,];yhKf;F khWk;gb fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;ldu;;. kWj;jtu;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;ldu;. Mdhy; A+ju;fs; kw;Wk; fpwp];jtu;fs; [p];ah tup nrYj;Jk; gl;rj;jpy; ,jpypUe;J tpyf;F mspf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy;> rupj;jpuj;jpy; ,J rupahfg; gpd;gw;wg; gltpy;iy vd mwpa KbfpwJ.

3.2 Muk;g fhy fhyp/g;Gfs;

K`k;kJtpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;> ,];yhik top elj;jpr; nry;tJ ahu; vd;w Nfs;tp vOe;jJ. Vndd;why; K`k;kJ kpfg; ngupa jPu;f;fj;juprpahf ,Ue;jhYk;> K`k;kJ kupj;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;W Fuhdpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ (#uh. 21:34>35). ,jw;Fj; jPu;thf te;jJ jhd; fhyp/g; vd;fpw gjtp. ,jpYk; Nfs;tpfSk; gpur;rpidfSk; vOe;jd. fhyp/g; vd;gtu; xU murpay; jiytuhf khj;jpuk; ,];yhik elj;jpr; nry;thuh my;yJ K`k;kJitg; Nghd;W xU jpu;f;fj;juprpahf ,Ug;ghuh vd;w Nfs;tpfs; vOe;jd.

,];yhkpy; fhyp/g;Gfspd; Mjpf;fk; gy Mz;Lfs; fhzg;gl;lJ. Mjpy; Muk;g fhy fhyp/g;Gfshfpa Kjy; ehd;F fhyp/g;Gfs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fs; Mtu;. ,e;j Kjy; ehd;F fhyp/g;GfisAk; rupahf elj;jg;gl;l fhyp/g;Gfs; (rightly guided caliphs) vd;Wk; $Wtu;. ,tu;fspd; fhyk; fp.gp. 632-661 MFk;.

K`k;kJtpd; kuzj;jpwFg; gpwF mtuJ ,lj;jpy; Kjy; fhyp/g;ghf te;jtu; mG+gf;fu; Mthu;. ,tu; K`k;kJtpw;F kpfTk; neUq;fpatuhf ,Ue;jhu;. Vndd;why; mtu; K`k;kJtpd; kidtpfSs; xUtuhfpa Map\htpd; jfg;gdh; Mthh;. kl;Lky;yhky;> ,th; K`k;kJtpd; tho;tpd; Kf;fpakhd fl;lq;fspy; mtNuhL ,Ue;jtu;. Mth; ,uz;L Mz;Lfs; jhd; mg;nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;jhh;. Mdhy; mtu; mNugpah kw;Wk; ngbNahdpa Nfhj;jpuq;fis xUq;fpizj;jhu;. kl;Lky;y> ,tu;jhd; Kjyhtjhf njw;F <uhf; kw;Wk; ghy];jPdj;jpy; ghsakpwq;fp ntw;wpAk;; fz;lhu;.

,uz;lhtJ fhyp/g;ghf ,Ue;jtu; cku; Mthu; (634-644). ,tuJ fhyj;jpy; ,];yhk; tpuptile;jJ. jk];F> rpupah> vfpg;J kw;Wk; ngu;rpahtpd; ngUk;ghyhd gFjpfs; ,];yhkpd; fPo; te;jd. fp.gp. 644 y; cku; Fuhid thrpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhu;.

%d;whtJ fhyp/g;ghf ,Ue;jtu; cj;khd; Mthu;. (644-656). Kjy; ,uz;L fhyp/g;Gfis xg;gpLk;NghJ ,tu; rw;W gytPdkhdtuhfNt ,Ue;jhu;. ,tuJ 12 Mz;L fhy Ml;rpapy; mNef cs;ehl;Lg; gpur;rpidfs; ,Ue;jd. ,tuJ FLk;gk; Muk;g fhyj;jpy; K`k;kJit fLikahf vjpu;j;j FLk;gkhFk;. Mifahy; ,tu; vg;gb fhyp/g;ghf tuyhk; vd;w Nfs;tpfs; vOe;jd. ,tUk; fp.gp. 656 y; Fuhid thrpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhu;. ,tuJ fhyj;jpy; xU Kf;fpakhd rk;gtk; epfo;e;jJ. Fuhdpd; gpujpfisg;gw;wpa gy Ntw;Wikfs; fhzg;gl;lJ. vJ cz;ikahd Fuhdpd; cz;ikahd gpujp vd;gijf; Fwpj;J Ntw;Wik Vw;gl;;L> cs;ehl;Lf; fyfk; Vw;gLk; epiy cUthdJ. cj;khd; ,jw;fhf xU FOit mikj;J> xU Fuhid kl;LNk cWjp nra;J kw;w vy;yhg; gpujpfisAk;; mopj;jhu.;

Muk;gfhy fhyp/g;Gfspy; ehd;fhtJk; filrpAkhf tUgtu; myp Mthu; (fp.gp. 656-661). myp K`k;kJTf;F ,U topfspy; neUq;fpa cwtpdu;. ,tu; K`k;kJtpd; khkhthfpa mGjhypg;gpd; kfd;> Kfk;kJ kw;Wk;; fjP[htpd; ,isa Fkhuj;jpahfpa ghj;jpkhtpd; fztUk; Mthu;. ,t;thW K`k;kJTk; mypAk; ,uj;j rk;ge;j cwtpduhFk;. mtuJ fhyj;jpy;jhd; ,];yhkpy; mNef cs;ehl;Lf; fyfq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. ,itfNs ,];yhkpy; gy cl;gpuptfds; Vw;glf; fhuzkhapd.

3.3 ,];yhkpy; cl;gpupTfspd; Jtf;fk;

ehd;fhtJ fhyp/g;ghfpa mypapd; fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; jhd; ,];yhkpd; cl;gpupTfs; ntspauq;fkhapd. xU rhuhu; K`k;kJtpd; ,uj;j rk;ge;j cwthfpa mypapd; thupRjhd; ,];yhik top elj;jpr; nry;Yk; fhyp/g;ghf tuNtz;Lk; vdf; $wpdu;;. ,tu;fNs ,];yhkpd; \pah gpupthapdu;. kw;nwhU rhuhNuh ,];yhik topelj;jpr; nry;yf; $ba fhyp/g; xU Nju;Tf;FO %ykhf> jFjpAs;s ve;j ,];yhkpaUk; tuf;$ba mstpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd thjpl;ldu;. ,tu;fNs ,];yhkpd; Rd;dp gpupthapdu;. gpw;fhyq;fspy; ,];yhkpy; NkYk; gy cl;gpupTfs; cz;lhapd.

3.4 Rd;dp – \pah tpj;jpahrq;fs;

Rd;dp kw;Wk; \pah gpupT K];yPk;fSf;Fs; gy tpj;jpahrq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;Ws; Kf;fpakhdtw;iw kl;Lk; ,q;F fhz;Nghk;.

KjyhtJ tpj;jpahrk; fhyp/g;Gfspd; epakdk; Fwpj;jjhFk;. Vw;fdNt ehk; ghu;j;jJ Nghy Rd;dp gpuptpdu; fhyp/g;ghf tuf;$batu; jFjpAs;s ve;j xU ,];yhkpaupy; xUtu; Nju;Tf;FO %ykhf Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd ek;Gfpd;wdu;. khwhf \pah gpuptpdNuh fhyp;/g;ghf tuf;$batu; K`k;kJtpd; ,uj;j rk;ge;j cwtpduhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; $Wfpd;wdu;.

,uz;lhtJ tpj;jpahrk; ,khikg; gw;wpdjhFk;. Rd;dp gpuptpy; ,khk; vd;gtu;> ,];yhkpa njhOiffis jiyik Vw;W elj;Jgtuhtu;. Mjw;F Nky; xd;Wkpy;iy. khwhf \pah gpuptpy; ,khk; vd;gtu;> K`k;kJitg; Nghy my;yh`;tpdhy; Vw;gLj;jg; gl;ltuhapUe;J murpay; kw;Wk; r%fj; jiytuhf khj;jpuk; vd;wpy;yhky;> K`k;kJitg; Nghy jPu;f;fj;juprd mYtiy epiwNtw;wf; $batuhapUg;ghu;. ,jpy; rup;j;jpuj;jpy; vj;jid ,khk;fs; ,Jtiu Njhd;wpAs;sdu; vd;gjpNy \pah gpuptpdUf;Fs;NsNa fUj;J NtWghLfs; cz;L. rpyu; VO vd;Wk; rpyu; gd;dpuz;L vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wdu;.

%d;whtJ tpj;jpahrk; k`;jp (Mahdi) vd;gtiuf; Fwpj;jjhFk;. \pah gpuptpdu; filrp ,khkhf k`;jp vd;gtu; tUthnud;Wk;> mtu; mtpRthrpfis xopj;J> K`k;kJtpd; Nghjidfis epiyehl;Lgtu; vd;Wk; fhj;jpUf;fpwhh;;fs;. Mdhy; Rd;dp gpuptpy; ngUk;ghyhNdhu; ,ij epuhfupf;fpd;wdu;.

ehd;fhtJ tpj;jpahrk; Rarpj;jk; rhu;e;jjhFk;. Rd;dp gpuptpdu; vJ ele;jhYk; mJ my;yh`;tpdhy; Kd; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdu; (predetermination). khwhf> \pah gpuptpdNuh kdpjDila Rarpj;jj;jpw;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpd;wdu;. (Human free will).

Ie;jhtJ tpj;jpahrk; \`hjhtpd; cr;rupg;gpy; tpj;jpahrk; rhu;e;jjhFk;. \`hjh vd;gJ> ,];yhkpd; Ie;J J}z;fspy; KjyhtJ J}zhfpa tpRthr mwpf;ifahFk;. Rd;dp gpuptpdupd; \fjh cr;rupg;ghdJ> “my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ehad; ,y;iy> K`k;kJ my;yh`;tpd; jpUj;J}jh;” vd tUk;. Mdhy; \pah gpuptpy; \`hjhtpy; xU gjj;ij Nru;j;Js;sdu;. mJ “my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ehad; ,y;iy> K`k;kJ flTspd; jpUj;J}jh;@ myp my;yh`;tpd; ez;gd;” vd;W tUfpwJ. Rd;dp gpuptpdu; ,ij vjpu;f;fpd;wdu;.

,d;iwa ,];yhkpaupy; ngUk;ghd;ikahNdhu; Rd;dp gpupitr; rhu;e;jtuhapUf;fpwhu;fs; – 85%. \pah gpuptpdu; 10% gq;if cs;slf;fpAs;shu;fs;. \pah gpuptpdupy; ngUthupahdtu; ngu;rpau; Mthu;fs;.

3.5 #/gp K];yPk;fs;

Rd;dp kw;Wk; \pah gpupT K];yPk;fSf;Fg; gpwF xU cl;gpupitf; Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk; vd;why; mJ #/gp gpupthFk;. ,J gj;J kw;Wk; gjpndhd;whk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; Njhd;wp tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. ,tu;fs; ghuk;gupa ,];yhkpd; mbg;gilthjj;ij vjpu;g;gtu;fs; Mthu;fs;. ,tu;fs; gy tifahd Mtpf;Fupa mDgtq;fs; %ykhf my;yh`;tpd; gpurd;dj;ij mila KbAk; vd ek;Gtu;fs;. mjw;F gy jupf;Fthj; (Tariqats) mjhtJ ghijfs; cz;L.

3.6 ,];yhkpd; cl;gpupTfspy; rpe;jidg;gpupTfs;

Fuhid tpahf;fpahdpg;gjpd; rpe;jidg; gs;spfs;:

3.6.1 Rd;dp gpuptpy;

Rd;dp gpuptpy; ehd;F tpjkhd rpe;jidg; gpupTg; gs;spfs; (School of Thoughts of Law) cs;sd. mitfs; `dpgpu;fs;> \hgpau;fs;> kyhf;fpau;fs; kw;Wk; `d;ghypdpau;fs; MFk;.

`dpgp gs;sp

`dpgp vd;gtuhy; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;lJ
Liberals
Analogy (xg;Gikf; Nfhl;ghL)
,];yhkpd; kpfg; ngupa rpe;jidg; gpupT

\hgpaupd; gs;sp

my;\hgp vd;gtuhy; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;lJ (xd;gjhk; E}w;whz;L)
,];yhkpd; jdpj;jd;ikf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; (solidarity)
,];yhkpau; ,];yhkpau; my;yhNjhiu jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ vd;gjw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
,J ,e;NjhNd\pahtpy; kpf mjpfk;

kyhf;fpag; gs;sp

kyhf; vd;gtuhy; Vohk; E}w;whz;L ];jhgpf;fg; gl;lJ.
`jP]pw;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

`d;ghypag; gs;sp

`d;ghy; vd;gtuhy; xd;gjhk; E}w;whz;L ];jhgpf;fg; gl;lJ
mbg;gilthjk; kw;Wk; Fuhdpd; vOj;jpd;gbahd tpahf;fpahdj;jpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; (Literalism)
kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; mjpfk;

3.6.2 \pah gpuptpy;

Rd;dp gpuptpy; cs;sJ Nghy \pah gpuptpy;> rpe;jidg;gpupT gs;spfs; fpilahJ. Mdhy; mtu;fSf;F ,khikf; Fwpj;j Nghjidapy; tpj;jpahrk; cz;L. gd;dpU ,khk; nfhs;if cilNahu; gd;dpUtu; (twelvers) vd;Wk;> VO ,khk; nfhs;if cilNahu; VONgu; (seveners) vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. rhapjP]; (Zaydis) vd;gtu;fs; tpj;jpahrkhd r%ff; nfhs;if cilatu;fs;. filrpahf \pahtpy; Mytpau;fs; (Alawites) k`;jp fjhghj;jpuj;jpw;F mjpf Kd;Dupik mspf;fpd;wdu;.

3.7 mfkjpau;fs;

mfkjpah (m) mfkjpah;fs; vd;gJ ,];yhkpy xU Gjpa gphpthFk;. ,ij ,e;jpa vOj;jhsuhfpa kph;rh Fyhk; mfkJ (Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 1835-1908) Njhw;Wtpj;jhh;. Fuhdpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s ,Wjpfhy k`;jp jhd;jhd; vdTk; ,NaRtpd; ,uz;lhk; tUif jd;dplk; epiwNtwpw;W vd;Wk; $wpdhh;. NkYk;> ,];yhk; jdJ Mjp epiyapypUe;J khwpr; nrd;W tpl;lJ vd;Wk; mij kPl;nlLg;gjw;F nghUshir kw;Wk; kdf;fpsh;r;rpia xopj;J rkhjhdj;jpd; %yk; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nghjpj;jhh;. mtu; mNef Gj;jfq;fisAk; vOjpdhh;. mtUf;Fg; gpd;dhy; ,g;gphpit elj;jpr; nrd;wth;fs; ,];yhk; kp\d; gzpfspy; mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jpdh;. Fuhdpd; mNef nkhopg;ngah;g;GfisAk; nra;jhh;fs;.

mfkjpah;fs; ,];yhkpy; xU rjtPjj;ij kl;LNk cs;slf;fpath;fs; Mth;. MapDk;> ,th;fs; jw;NghJ mjpf jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp tUfpwhh;fs;. mjw;F %d;W fhuzq;fisf; $w KbAk;

rkhjhdj;jpd; %yk; [pfhj;
,];yhkpa epUgztpay; kw;Wk; RtpNr\k; mwptpj;jYf;F (Dawah) Kd;Dhpik
mfkjpah;fs; cyfshtpy; re;jpj;j cgj;jputq;fs;.

mfkjpah;fs; jq;fs; mbg;gil ek;gpf;iffspy; Rd;dpg; gpuptpdNuhL xj;Jg; Nghfpd;wdh;. Mdhy; ,uz;L Kf;fpa fhhpaq;fspy NtWgLfpd;wdh;. Xd;W jPh;f;fjhprpapd; mYty; rhh;e;jJ. Rd;dpg; gphptpdupd;gb K`k;kJNt ,Wjpahd egpahthh;. Mdhy; mfkjpapdNuh> K`k;kJTf;Fg; gpd; te;j kph;rh Fyhk; mfkJTk; egp vd ek;Gfpd;wdh;.

,uz;lhtJ ,NaR rpYitapy; miwag;gly; rhh;e;jJ. ,];yhkpd; ek;gpf;iff;F khwhf> mfkjpah;fs; ,NaR rpYitapy; miwag;gl;hh; vd;Wk;> MdhYk; mth; caph; gpioj;J ,e;jpahtpd; fh\;kPUf;F jg;gp te;J Kjph; tajpNy mq;Nf kuzkile;jhh; vdTk; ek;Gfpd;wdh;.

,f;nfhs;iffspd; epkpj;jk; mfkjpah; ngUthhpahd ,];yhkpauhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLtjpy;iy. mfkjpah;fs; nkf;fhtpYk; Eiotjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. mjpfkhd cgj;jputq;fisAk; re;jpj;jdh;. MapDk; jw;NghJ mjpfkhf tsh;e;J tUfpd;wdh;.

ghlk; 04

,];yhkpd; Ie;J J}z;fs;

4.1 tpRthr mwpf;if (\`hjh)

4.2 n[gk; (]y;yhj;)

4.3 jhdju;kk; (\fhj;)

4.4 ukyhd; Nehd;G (rTk;)

4.5 Gdpjg; gazk; (`[;)

ehk; fle;j ghlj;jpy; ,];yhkpy; fhzg;gLk; cl;gpupTfisAk; mtu;fspd; ek;gpf;if tpj;jpahrq;fisAk; Fwpj;Jg; ghu;itapl;Nlhk;. ,e;jg; ghlj;jpy; ,];yhkpaiu xd;wpizf;Fk; ,];yhkpd; Ie;J J}z;fisf; Fwpj;Jf; fw;Wf; nfhs;sg; NghfpNwhk;.

,];yhkpd; Ie;J J}z;fSk; ,];yhkpa tho;tpd; m];jpghukhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j Ie;J J}z;fSk; ek;gpf;if rhu;e;jJ khj;jpuky;yhky;> mtu;fs; tho;tpay; rlq;fhr;rhukhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,it ,];yhikg; gpd;gw;Wtjpd; mbg;gilahf cs;sd. kl;Lky;y> ,e;j Ie;J J}z;fisAk; rupahfg; gpd;gw;Wtjd; %ykhf Md;kPf cd;dj epiyia mila KbAk; vd ,];yhkpau; ek;Gfpd;wdu;.

Ie;J J}z;fspd; NtW Ie;J ngau;fs;:

,];yhkpd; J}z;fs;
khu;f;fj;jpd; J}z;fs;

Ie;J J}z;fisAk; nra;Ak; Kd; cly; Rj;jpfupg;G nra;a Ntz;ba Kiwfisf; ;Fwpj;J `jP];fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

4.1 tpRthr mwpf;if (\`hjh)

\`hjh vd;gJ ,];yhkpd; tprthr mwpf;ifahFk;.
jkpopy;:

“tzf;fj;jpw;Fj; jFjpahdtd; my;yh`;. my;yhi`j; jtpu NtW ehad; ,y;iy. K`k;kJ egp my;yh`;Tila jpUj;J}juhf ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;.”

mugpapy;:

yh ,yh`h ,y;yy;yh`;> K`k;kJ uR+Yy;yh`;

\`hjh Neubahf xNu #uhtpy; Fuhdpy; ,y;iy. gy #uhf;fis xUq;fpizj;J \`hjh cUthf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ.
my;yh`;Nt Vf ,iwtd; – #uh. 20: 14.
K`k;kJNt my;yh`;tpd; jPu;f;fj;juprp: #uh. 48: 29@ 49: 15
,e;j mwpf;ifia $Wtjd; %ykhfNt xUtu; ,];yhkpd; mq;fkhfpwhu;.
jq;fs; ek;gpf;ifia ntspg;gLj;jTk; gpwUf;F mwptpf;fTk; \`hjhit ,];yhkpau; tha;g;ghfg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.
\`hjhtpd; Nehf;fkhdJ> tho;tpd; xNu Nehf;fkhd my;yh`;it Nrtpg;gij> mtupd; filrpAk; rpwe;j jPu;f;fj;juprpAkhfpa K`k;kJ fhl;ba topapy; epiwNtw;Wtijf; Fwpj;j gpufldkhFk;.

4.2 n[gk; (]y;yhj;)

]y;yhj; vd;gJ ,];yhkpy; jpdrup Ie;J Kiw rlq;fhfr; nra;ag;gLk; n[gkhFk;.
n[gj;jpNy vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf my;yh`;it epidf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ie;J n[gq;fSf;Fk; Fwpf;fg;gl;l thu;j;ijfSk; cly; mirTfSk; cz;L.
Xt;nthU KiwAk; ]y;yhj; nra;tjw;F Kd;ghf #uh. 5: 6 y; $wg;gl;Ls;sgb cly; Rj;jpfupg;igr; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Xt;nthU KiwAk; n[gk; njhlq;Fk; 15 epkplk; Kd;ghf n[gj;jpw;fhd miog;G (Mjhd;) k#jpfspd; Nky;gFjp (kpd;dhnul;) apypUe;J %rPd; (Muezzin) %ykhff; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. (jw;NghJ gy ,lq;fspy; xypg;gjpT nra;J> mij XltpLfpwhu;fs;).
n[gj;jpw;fhd miog;G (jf;;gPu;)
,iwtd;; kpfg; ngupatu; (ehd;F Kiw)
my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtnwhUtUk; tzf;fj;jpw;Fj; jFjpahdtu; my;y vd;W rhl;rpapLfpNwd; (2 Kiw)
K`k;kJ my;yh`;tpd; jpUj;J}ju; vd rhl;rpapLfpNwd; (2 Kiw)
n[gj;jpw;F thUq;fs; (2 Kiw)
ntw;wpf;F thUq;fs; (2 Kiw)
,iwtd;; kpfg; ngupatu; (2 Kiw)
my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtnwhUtUk; tzf;fj;jpw;Fj; jFjpahdtu; my;y

n[gj;jpd; Ie;J Neuq;fs;
Fajr – nghOJ tpbAk; Kd; (2 n[g Rw;W)
Dhuhr – gfy; n[gk; (4 n[g Rw;W)
Asr – kj;jpahd n[gk; (4 n[g Rw;W)
Maghrib – m];jkd n[gk; (3 n[g Rw;W)
Isha’a – khiy n[gk; (4 n[g Rw;W)
uf;fhfs; (Raka’s) – uf;fh vd;gjw;F mugpapy; gzpe;J nfhs;Sjy; vd;W mu;j;jkhFk;.
uf;fhtpy; gytpjkhd cly; mirTfs; cz;L.
uf;fhtpy; Kjyhtjhf my;yh`;Tf;fhf vOe;J epw;f Ntz;Lk;. ,uz;lhtjhf> nkf;fhit Nehf;fp Kfj;ijj; jpUg;g Ntz;Lk;. %d;whtjhf> iffis fhjpy; itj;J jf;gPiu cr;rupf;f Ntz;Lk;. mLj;jjhf> ,Lg;gpy; if itj;J> Fuhdpd; KjyhtJ #uhit cr;rupf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;du;> iffis Kl;bapy; itj;J> Fdpe;J> jf;gPiu kPz;Lk; cr;rupf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;du; vOk;g Ntz;Lk;. gpd;> kPz;Lk; KOtJkhff; Fdpe;J my;yh`;itg; gzpa Ntz;Lk;. gpd;du; cl;fhu;e;J gpd; kPz;Lk; gzpa Ntz;Lk;. gpd; kPz;Lk; cl;fhu;e;J jpahdj;jpYk; n[gj;jpYk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. (Fuhdpd; #uhf;fisNah trdq;fisNah thrpf;fyhk;).
Xt;nthU n[gj;jpYk; ,uz;L Kjy; ehd;F uf;fhfs; tiu cz;L.
n[gk; Kbe;j gpwF rhe;jpAk; rkhjhdKk; cq;fs; Nky;; ,Ug;gjhf (my;]yhK miyf;Fk;) vd;W $w Ntz;Lk;.
tpLgl;l ry;yhj;Jf;fisj; jdpahfr; nra;ayhk;.
K`k;kJtpd; guNyhfg; gazj;jpd; NghJ ,e;j Ie;J n[gq;fSk; jPu;khdpf;fg; gl;ljhf ,];yhkpau; ek;Gfpd;wdu;.
]y;yhJfs; vg;NghJk; nkf;fhit Nehf;fpNa ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
]y;yhJfis vq;Fk; nra;ayhk;. k#jpapy; nra;ahj gl;rj;jpy; n[gj;Jzpapd; kPNjh> nra;jpj;jhspd; kPNjh nra;ayhk;.
Ie;J n[gq;fspYk; Nru;j;J 17 uf;fhfs; xt;nthU ehSk; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
$ba kl;Lk; n[gq;fis kw;w ,];yhkpau; Kd;ghfr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

4.3 jhd ju;kk; (rfhj;)

rfhj; vd;gJ ,];yhkpau; nrYj;j Ntz;ba tUlhe;jpu tupahFk;.
rfhj;jpd; %ykhfj;jhd; ,];yhkpaupd; r%f kw;Wk; kjk; rhu;e;j Njitfs; G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.
rfhj; xUtupd; tpUg;gj;jpd;gb nfhLg;gjy;y. khwhf Fiwe;j gl;rk; 2.5 rjtPjk; xUtu; jdJ tUkhdj;jpypUe;J nfhLf;f Ntz;bajhFk;.
rfhj; tupahdJ k#jpfs; kw;Wk; gy;NtW ,];yhkpa mikg;gpduhy; ngwg;gLfpd;wd.
rfhj; tUkhdj;ij nrytopf;f Ntz;ba fhupaq;fs;:
Viofs; kw;Wk; NehAw;NwhUf;F cjt
,];yhkpd; gug;Giuf;fhf
rpiwg;gl;Nlhiu tpLtpf;f
`[; ahj;jpiuf;fhf
fldhspfSf;F cjt> ,];yhikg; ghJfhf;f
[pfhj;

4.4 ukyhd; Nehd;G (rTk;)

,];yhkpaupd; ehd;fhtJ J}zhfpa ukyhd; Nehd;G (rTk;)> ,];yhkpa ehs;fhl;bapd; Gdpj xd;gjhtJ khjkhfpa ukyhd; khjj;jpy; eilngWtjhFk;. ,k;khjj;jpy;jhd; K`k;kJ my;yh`;tplkpUe;J ntspg;ghl;ilg; ngw Muk;gpj;jhu; vd ,];yhkpau; ek;Gfpd;wdu;.
,e;j cgthrkhdJ #upa cjak; Kjy; #upa m];jkdk; tiu khjj;jpd; 28 ehl;fSk; eilngWk;. (#uh. 2: 183-185)
Nehd;gpy; jtpu;f;fg;gl Ntz;bait – Grpj;jy;> Fbj;jy; (jz;zPu; $l)> clYwT nfhs;Sjy;> Gifj;jy; Nghd;wit.
Nehd;gpd; Nehf;fk; – tho;tpd; f\;lq;fisg; Gupe;J nfhs;Sjy;> Ra Rj;jpfupg;G nra;J> ,iwtdpd; r%fj;ij ehLjy;.
ukyhd; Nehd;G Kwpe;J tplhky; KOikahf epiwNtw;wpdhy; epidj;j fhupak; eilngWk; vd ,];yhkpau; ek;Gfpd;wdu;.
,e;j Nehd;G Neuj;jpy; cly; xj;Jioahky; mNefu; kuzkiltJk; cz;L.
ukyhd; Nehd;ghdJ ukyhd; khjj;jpd; 29-k; jpajpapd; khiyapy; ,];yhkpd; ,UngUk; gz;biffshfpa <j; kw;Wk; gf;uPj; (id-ul-fatr) nfhz;lhl;lq;fNshL KbtilAk;. ,e;jf; nfhz;lhl;lq;fs; %d;W ehl;fs; eilngWk;.

Gdpjg;gazk; (`[;) – (#uh. 3: 97)

`[; vd;gJ ,];yhkpd; nkf;fh Gdpjg; gazj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,J mNugpa thu;jijahFk;.
`[; gazk; ,];yhkpd; gd;dpnuz;lhtJ khjkhfpa Jy; `p[h (Duhl Hijjah) tpy; eilngWk;.
Kbe;jhy; xt;nthU ,];yhkpaUk; tho;tpy; xU KiwahtJ `[; gazj;ij Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; fld;gl;Nlh> gps;isfs; kw;Wk; FLk;gj;jpw;F epiwNtw;w Ntz;ba gpujhd flikfis epiwNtw;whkNyh `[; gpuahzk; Nkw;nfhs;sf; $lhJ.
`[; Neuj;jpy; ,];yhkpau; my;yhNjhu; nkf;fhTf;Fs; Eioa mDkjpapy;iy.
tUfpwtu;fs; mtu;fspd; Cu;fspYs;s k#jpapd; ed;kjpg;G kw;Wk; mDkjp fbjj;Jld; tuNtz;Lk;. mfkjpah K];yPk;fSf;F nkf;fh nry;y mDkjpapy;iy.
xt;nthU Mz;Lk; ruhrupahf 20 ,yl;rk; ,];yhkpau; `[; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;Sfpd;wdu;.
Gdpj ahj;jpupfu;fs; vy;yhUf;Fk; nts;is t];jpuq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;L> mijNa mtu;fs; cLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
`[; ahj;jpiu %d;wpypUe;J gjp%d;W ehl;fs; tiu eilngWk;.
`[; ahj;jpiuapy; eilngWgit
fh/ghit VO Kiw Rw;wp tUjy;
fh/gh kw;Wk; khu;th kiyfSf;fpilapy; VO Kiw XLjy; (Mfhu; jz;zPu; Njbajd; epidthf).
nkf;fhTf;F ntspNaAs;s khf;fhtpd; rkntspfspy; ghtkd;dpg;Gf;fhf $l;Lg;gpuhu;j;jidapy; <LgLjy;.
Mgpufhk; ,];kNtiyg; gyp nrYj;jpa ,lkhfpa kPdhTf;Fg; gpuahzk; nra;jy;.
rhj;jhdpd; kPJ fy;nywpjy;> (%d;W fw;fs; kPJ – xt;nthU fy; kPJk; VO Kiw vwpjy;)
gyp gz;bif (Eid ul-adha) Mgpufhk; nra;j gypf;F epidthf fhy;eilfs; gyp nrYj;jg;gly;. ,g;gz;bifNahL `[; epiwtilAk;.
gyu; ,NjhL ,ize;J kjPdhTf;Fg; gpuahzk; nra;J> mq;NfapUf;Fk; K`k;kJ> mG+gf;fu;> cku;> ghj;jpkh Nghd;Nwhupd; fy;yiwfisAk; ghu;itapLtu;.
`[; gpuahzj;jpypUe;J jpUk;gp tUNthu; J}a;ikahdtu;fshff; fUjg;gLtu;.

,];yhkpd; ,e;j Ie;J J}z;fSk; ,];yhkpaUf;Fj; jk; kjj;NjhL ,Uf;fNtz;ba jk; gpizg;igf; fhz;gpf;fpd;wd. rpyu;> ,];yhkpd; ,e;j Ie;J J}z;fSk; A+j> fpwp];jt khh;f;fq;fisj; jOtp> mjpy; rpy khw;wq;fs; nra;J> K`k;kJ nfhz;L te;jjhff; $Wfpd;wdu;. ,jw;F Mjhukhd iggps; trdq;fs; gpd;tUkhW

tpRthr mwpf;if – cghfkk;. 6: 6-9
n[gk; – kj;NjA. 6: 5-8
jhd ju;kk; – kj;NjA. 6:2-9
cgthrk; – kj;NjA. 6: 16-18
`[; – rq;fPjk;. 26: 6-8

ghlk; 05

Fuhd;

5.1 Fuhd; – tiuaiw

5.2 FuhDk; nja;tPfKk;

5.3 Fuhd; – ngau; tpsf;fk;

5.4 Fuhdpd; cgNjrKk; mikg;Gk;

5.5 Fuhdpd; tpahf;fpahdk;

5.6 Fuhd; cUthd tpjk;

5.7 FuhDk; mNugpa nkhopAk;

5.8 iggpspd; rk;gtq;fs; Fuhdpy; tpj;jpahrj;NjhL – Vd;?

Fuhd; my;yJ Fu; Md; vd;gJ ,];yhkpaupd; mbg;gilg; Gdpj E}yhFk;. Fuhd; vd;why; XJjy; vd;W nghUs;gLk;. ,];yhkpaupd; ek;gpf;ifapd;gb> FuhdhdJ fhgpupNay; J}jd; %ykhf> ,UgJ Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf K`k;kJTf;F mUsg;gl;lJ vd ,];yhkpah;fshy; ek;gg;gLfpwJ. ,J ,NaR fpwp];JTf;F 600 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF vOjg;gl;ljhFk;.

fp.gp. 610 y;> K`k;kJ jdJ Kjyhk; ntspg;ghl;il ukyhd; khjj;jpy; fhgpupNay; J}jd; %ykhfg; ngw Muk;gpj;jhu; vd ,];yhk; ek;GfpwJ. ,J nkf;fhtpy; eilngw;wJ. ,J mtuJ kuzkhfpa 632 tiu eilngw;wJ. ,itfs; gpd;G njhFf;fg;gl;L> ,d;W Fuhdhf te;Js;sJ.

5.1 Fuhd; – tiuaiw

Fuhidf; Fwpj;J tiuaiwahf (Definition) ,];yhkpau; ,uz;L fhhpaq;fisf; $Wfpd;wdu;.

FuhdhdJ> Nfhbf;fzf;fhd ,];yhkpaUf;F fiwg;gLj;jg;glhj> my;yh`;tpd; epj;jpakhd gupG+uzkhd thu;j;ijahf> fhgpupNay; %ykhf> jPu;f;fj;juprpahfpa K`k;kJTf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.
my;yh`;tpd; gupG+uz thu;j;ijahfpa FuhdhdJ guNjrpypUe;J my;yh`;tpd; %ykhf mDg;gg;gl;L> ve;j khw;wKk; tpj;jpahrKkpd;wp ghJfhf;fg;gl;L mspf;fg;gl;lJ.

5.2 FuhDk; nja;tPfKk;

Fuhd; nja;tPfk; epiwe;jJ vd;W ,];yhkpau; ek;Gfpd;wdu;. Mjw;F gpd;tUk; fhuzq;fisf; $Wfpd;wdh;.

Fuhd; jd;id nja;tPfkhdJ vd;W rhl;rpapLfpwJ. (#uh. 10: 37).

Fuhdpy; K`k;kJtpd; rpe;ij vJTkpy;iy. (Mechanical Inspiration).
Fuhdpy; NgRgtu; my;yh`; kl;LNk.
fy;tpawpT ,y;yhj K`k;kJ mofpa ftpij eilapy; cr;rupj;jJ nja;tPfk;.
FuhDf;F iggpsp;y; cs;sJ Nghy NtW gpujpfs; fpilahJ (versions).
Fuhdpd; %yg;gpujpahdJ (Mother of the Book) my;yh`;tplk; cs;sJ (13: 39). mJ epj;jpa epj;jpakhf my;yh`;NthL cs;sJ (85: 21-22).
K`k;kJ fhgpupNay; %ykhfg; ngw;wJ> %yg;gpujpapd; rupahd efNyahFk;.

5.3 Fuhd; – ngau; tpsf;fk;

Fuhd; vd;why; XJjy; (recitation) vdg; nghUs;gLk;. K`k;kJ Fuhid vOjtpy;iy> Xjpdhu;. Mifahy; ,J Fuhd; vdg;gLfpwJ. ,d;Wk; ,];yhkpau; Fuhid XJtij tof;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

5.4 Fuhdpd; cgNjrKk; mikg;Gk;

Fuhdpd; mbg;gil cgNjrq;fs;

my;yh`;tpd; %ykhf Kd;G Nehth> Mgpufhk;> NkhNr> ,NaR Nghd;Nwhu;fshy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l nra;jpfs; fiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L> khw;wg;gl;L> kwf;fg;gl;L tpl;ld.
FuhdhdJ my;yh`;tpd; khw;wf; $lhj fiwg;gLj;jf; $lhj ,Wjp ntspg;ghlhFk;.
my;yh`; xUtNu Vf ,iwtd;. K`k;kJ my;yh`;tpd; filrp jPu;f;fj;juprp.
my;yh`;Tf;F xt;nthUtUk; jd;id mu;g;gzpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
tpf;fpuf tzf;fKk; my;yh`;Tf;F ,iz fw;gpj;jYk; kd;dpf;f Kbahj ghtq;fs;.
[pfhj; %ykhf \upah mky;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

5.4.2 Fuhd; jd;idf; Fwpj;Jf; $WtJ

QhdKs;s Gj;jfk; (32: 2-3)
re;Njfj;jpw;F ,lkw;w Gj;jfk; (69: 51)
fdj;jpw;Fupa ePjpAs;s Gj;jfk; (80: 14-16)
ngUik nghUe;jpa Fuhd; (85: 21)
kpfTk; fz;zpakhd Ntjk; (41: 41-42)
gpioaw;wJ (39: 28)

5.4.3 Fuhdpd; mikg;G

Fuhd; 114 mjpfhuq;fs; (m) #uhf;fis cs;sslf;fpajhFk;.
Fuhd; iggpis tpl kpfr; rpwpaJ MFk;. Gjpa Vw;ghl;bd; miug;gq;fpw;F rw;W mjpfkhfTk;> gioa Vw;ghl;bd; ehd;fpy; xU gq;fpw;Ff; fPohfTk; cs;sJ.
Fuhdpd; #uhf;fspd; tupir> fhy tupirg;gb mikahky; ngupajpypUe;J rpwpa #uhf;fshf mike;Js;sJ.
114 #uhf;fspy; 86 #uhf;fs; nkf;fhtpy; Xjg;gl;lit. 28 #uhf;fs; kjPdhtpy; Xjg;gl;lit.
nkf;fhtpd; #uhf;fs; K`k;kJtpd; Muk;g fhyj;ijr; rhu;e;jit. ,it rkhjhdj;ij mjpfkhf typAWj;Jfpd;wd. Mdhy; gpw;fhyj;ijr; rhu;e;j kjPdhtpd; #uhf;fspy; td;Kiw rhu;e;j nra;jpfs; mjpfk; cs;sd.
Fuhdpy;> khw;wg;gLjy; (Abrogation) nfhs;if cz;L. ,jd; %yk; gpd;du; ntspg;gl;l #uhf;fs; Kd;du; ntspg;gl;l #uhf;fistpl mjpfhuk; tha;e;jit (Latter replaces and overrides the Former).

5.5 Fuhdpd; tpahf;fpahdk;

mNugpa Fuhidj; jtpu;j;j midj;J nkhopngau;g;GfSk; tpahf;fpahdq;fNsahFk;. kl;Lky;y> Fuhd; mNef fhupaq;fisf; Fwpj;J Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. Mifahy;> Fuhdpy; xU fhupaj;ijf; Fwpj;J nrhy;yg;glhj NghJ me;jf; fhupaj;ij K`k;kJ vg;gb mZfpapUg;ghu; vd rpe;jpf;fyhapdu;. ,jd; tpisthf vOe;jJjhd; `jP]; (Hadith) kw;Wk; ,[;kh (Ijma) MFk;.

`jP]; (Hadith)

`jP]; vd;gJ K`k;kJ jd; tho;tpy; nra;jJk; cgNjrpj;jJkhd vy;yhf; fhupaq;fshFk; (Deeds and Sayings of Muhammad).
K`k;kJtpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;du; K`k;kJ nrhd;dJk; nra;jJkhd fhupaq;fs; njhFf;fg;gl;ld.
`jP]pd; gpupTfs;:

K`k;kJ nra;jJ
K`k;kJ fl;lisapl;lJ
K`k;kJ mDkjpj;jJ
vy;yh ,];yhkpaUf;fhdJ
nghJ mwptpw;fhdJ
Mapuf;fzf;fhd ,e;j `jP];fspy; vitnay;yhk; cz;ik/cz;ikapy;iy vd;fpw tpthjk; mtu;fSf;Fs;NsNa ,d;Dk; eilngw;W tUfpwJ (Textual Criticism).
my;-Gfhup vd;gtupd; ngaiuj; jhq;fpa `jP]; jhd; `jP];fspy; ngupaJ. ,J 97 Gj;jfq;fisAk; 3000 mjpfhuq;fisAk; cilaJ.

,[;kh (Ijma)

,[;kh vd;gJ K`k;kJ jd; tho;tpy; nrhy;yhjJk; nra;ahjJkhd fhupaq;fshFk;.
mg;gbg;gl;l fhupaq;fspy; ,];yhkpaupilNa xj;jf; fUj;J Vw;gLkhdhy;> mit topfhl;bahf Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;.

,khk; (Imam)

\pah gpuptpy; ,[;khTf;F khw;whf mtu;fspd; nfhs;ifg;gb 12 (m) VO ,khk; $wpaitfs; fUjg;gLk;.
Mf> Fuhd; mbg;gilahfTk; mjw;F tpahf;fpahdkhf Rd;dpg; gpuptpdUf;F `jPRk; ,[;khTk; \pah gpuptpdUf;F `jPRk; ,khKk; fUjg;gLk;.

5.6 Fuhd; cUthd tpjk;

K`k;kJ vOjg; gbf;fj; njupahjtu;. mtu; Fuhid> jd;idg; gpd;gw;WNthUf;F Xjp te;jhu;.
K`k;kJtpd; vy;yh XJjiyAk; Neubahfg; ngw;wtu;fs; rpyu; kl;LNk (4 Ngu; vdf; fUjg;gLfpwJ). mtu;fisj; jtpu Fuhdpd; gFjpfis kdg;ghlk; nra;jtu;fs; `gP]; vd miof;fg;gl;ldu;.
K`k;kJ vjpu;ghuhj tpjkhf fp.gp. 632 y; kuzkilfpwhu;.
K`k;kJtpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF> ehy;tupy; xUtuhfpa ryPk; ahkhkh (Yamama) Aj;jj;jpy; kuzkile;jhu;. mtu; KO Fuhidj; njhFj;jhu; vdTk;> mJ njhiye;J tpl;lJ vdTk; $wg;gl;lJ. Mifahy; Fuhd; KOikahfj; njhiye;J tpLk; vd mr;rk; Vw;gl;lJ.
K`k;kJTf;Fg; gpd;du; jiyikg; nghWg;Ngw;wtu; mG+gf;fu;. mtu; raPj; gpd; jhgPj; (Zaid bin Thabit) vd;w `gPi] mioj;J> Fuhdpd; ghfq;fis vy;yhk; njhFj;njLj;J> KOikahd Fuhid cUthf;fr; nrhd;dhu;.
rpy Mz;LfSf;Fs;NsNa cz;ikahd Fuhd; vJ vd;gijf; Fwpj;j gpur;rid vOe;J> cs;ehl;Lf; fyfk; cUthFk; epiy cz;lhdJ.
10 Mz;Lfs; fopj;J mg;Nghija fhyp/g;hfpa cj;khd; raij mioj;J mtu; njhFj;j Fuhdpd; ghfq;fisf; nfhz;L xU KOikahd Fuhid cUthf;fTk;> mf;FuhDf;F khw;whapUe;j vy;yhf; FuhidAk; mopf;Fk;gbAk; fl;lisapl;lhu;. mJ epiwNtw;wg;gl;L> raPj; njhFj;j Fuhidj; jtpu;j;j Vida Fuhd;fs; midj;Jk; mopf;fg;gl;ld.
cj;khd>; raPj; %yk; cUthf;fd Fuhd; K`k;kJ Xjpd Fuhd; my;y vd rpyu; $Wfpd;wdu;. vndd;why;> ,d;iwa Fuhidj; njhFj;j raPj; ehy;tupy; xUtu; my;y. kl;Lky;y> K`k;kJtpd; XJjy; mtuJ tho;f;ifNahL njhlu;GilaJ (fp.gp. 610-632). ,d;iwa Fuhd; mtuJ fhy tupirg;gb mikf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,J rpe;jidf;FupaJ.

(Fuhdpd; cUthf;fj;ijAk; iggpspd; cUthf;fj;ijAk; xg;gpLf).

5.7 FuhDk; mNugpa nkhopAk;

Fuhd; Xjg;gl;lJk; vOjg;gl;lJk; mNugpa nkhopapyhFk;.
Fuhd; jd;id mNugpa Fuhd; vdf; $WfpwJ (12:2@ 20: 113@ 39: 28@ 41: 3@ 41: 44@ 42: 7@ 43: 3).
Fuhd; nkhopngau;g;G nra;ag;glyhfhJ. Fuhdpd; vy;yh nkhopngau;g;GfSk; tpahf;fpahdq;fNsahFk;.
vy;yh ,];yhkpaUk; mugp nkhop fw;W> nka; Fuhidhfpa mugp Fuhid thrpf;f Ntz;Lk;. (gyu; mu;j;jk; GupahkNyNa mugpapy; XJfpd;wdu;. kw;Wk; `jPirNa ek;gp cs;sdu;)
Fuhdpd; nkhopngau;g;Gfs; (tpahf;fpahdq;fs;) ,];yhkpau; my;yhNjhUf;F mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

5.8 iggpspd; rk;gtq;fs; – Fuhdpy; tpj;jpahrj;NjhL tuf; fhuzk;

Fuhdpy; mNef iggps; fjhghj;jpuq;fSk; rk;gtq;fSk; tUfpd;wd. Mdhy; iggpspd; rk;gtq;fs; gy khw;wq;fNshL tUfpd;wd. ,e;j khw;wq;fs; vy;yhk; mf;fhyj;jpa ,jpfhrq;fs;> kD\ ghuk;gupaq;fs; kw;Wk; fw;gidfNshL njhlu;Gilait. ,jpfhrq;fs; Fuhdpy; ,y;iy vd;W mJ $wpdhYk; (25: 4-5) ,jpfhrr; nra;jpfs; Fuhdpy; cs;sd vd gpd;tUk; rhd;Wfs; ep&gpf;fpd;wd.

#uh. 2: 34 – MjhKf;F kz;baplhjgbahy; rhj;jhd; thdj;jpypUe;J tpOe;jhd;. (%yk;: The Life of Adam and Eve).

#uh. 5: 31 – mz;lq;fhf;if kz;idf; fpsWtijg; ghu;j;J> fhaPd; MNgiyg; Gijf;ff; fw;Wf; nfhz;lhd;. (%yk;: Midrash Tanhuma).

#uh. 21: 69 – Mgpufhk; tpf;fpufq;fis mopj;jjhy; jPapy; vwpag;gl;L. flTshy; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lhh;. (%yk;: Midrash Rabbah).

#uh. 7:171 – flTs; ,];uNtyhpd; jiyf;F Nkyhf kiyia epWj;jp> mtUf;F gag;glhtpl;lhy; mth;fs;Nky; tpOe;J tpLk; vd vr;rhpj;jhh;. (%yk;: Babylonian Talmud)

#uh. 3:49:5:110 – ghyfd; ,NaR fspkz;zpdhy; gwitfs; nra;J mitfSf;F caph; nfhLj;jhh;. (%yk;: Infancy Gospel of Thomas).

ghlk; 06

my;yh`;

my;yh`;tpd; ngau;fs;

my;yh`; xUtNu – jt;`Pj;

my;yh`;tpd; Fzhjpraq;fs;

my;yh`;Tk; ,];yhkpaUk;

my;yh`;Tk; re;jpuf; flTSk;

my;yh`;Tf;Fk; ahNtf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s tpj;jpahrq;fs;

ehk; fle;j ghlj;jpy; ,];yhkpaupd; Gdpj E}yhfpa Fuhidf; Fwpj;Jg; ghu;j;Njhk;. ,e;jg; ghlj;jpNy ,];yhkpaupd; flshfpa my;yh`;itf; Fwpj;Jf; fw;Wf; nfhs;Nthk;.

‘my;yh`;’ vd;gJ flTs; vd;gjd; mNugpa cr;rupg;ghFk;. ,];yhkpaupd; tpRthr mwpf;ifahdJ “my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW flTs; ,y;iy” vdj; Jtq;FfpwJ. “#uh. 112”. my;yh`; vd;w ngau; Fuhdpy; Vwf;Fiwa 2500 Kiw tUfpwJ.

6.1 my;yh`;tpd; ngau;fs;

my;yh`; vd;gJ flTs; vd;gjd; mNugpa cr;rupg;ghFk;. ,J ‘my;’ kw;Wk; ‘,yh’ vd;gjd; $l;L cr;rupg;ghFk;. ,jd; nghUs; ‘flTs;’ vd;gjhFk;.
117 –tJ `jPrpy; my;yh`;tpd; nghJthd 99 ngah;fs; mlq;fpAs;sJ.
,g;ngau;fis cr;rupg;gJ ,];yhkpaUf;F kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
,];yhkpau; n[g khiyfis cUl;b ,g;ngau;fis cr;rupg;gij tof;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sdu;.
,];yhkpa ek;gpf;ifg;gb my;yh`;it KOikahf mwptnjd;gJ $lhj fhupakhFk;. my;yh`;itf; Fwpj;j kdpjdpd; mwpT Fiwe;jJ vd vz;Zfpd;wdu;.

6.2 my;yh`; xUtNu – jt;`Pj;

my;yh`; xUtNu flTs; vd;gijf; Fwpf;f kw;Wk; typAWj;jg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; mNugpa thu;j;ij ‘jt;`Pj;’ MFk;.
jt;`Pj;jpNy Ie;J fhupaq;fs; Kf;fpag;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ.
- gy flTs; nfhs;if (polytheism) kWf;fg; gLfpwJ.
- my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW vtupYk; tpRthrk; nfhs;tJ kWf;fg;gLfpwJ.
- flTspd; gd;ikj;jd;ik (jpupj;Jtk;) kWf;fg;gLfpwJ.
- kdpjupd; Ra rpj;jk; kWf;fg;gLfpwJ
- my;yh`;tpd; jdpj;Jtk; typAWj;jg;gLfpwJ.

6.3 my;yh`;tpd; Fzhjpraq;fs;

my;yh`;itf; Fwpj;j Fzhjpraq;fs; Fuhdpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;wpy; Kf;fpakhdtw;iwf; fPNo ghu;g;Nghk;.

my;yh`; gps;isfisg; ngWtjpy;iy #uh. 23:91@ 19:88-93
my;yh`; mtpRthrpfis Nerpf;f khl;lhu; – #uh. 3:32@ 30: 45
kf;fis topjtwr; nra;fpwtu; – #uh.2:26@ 7:155
rpU\;bfu; – #uh. 2:29@ 3:191@36: 81
epj;jpakhdtu; – #uh.112:2
KjYk; filrpAkhdtu; – #uh. 57: 3
epahahjpgjp – #uh. 3:30@ 95: 8@ 99:6-8
xspahdtu;- #uh. 24: 35
my;yh`;itj; jtpu flTs; ,y;iy – #uh. 2: 255@ 3: 18@ 112: 1-4
ru;t ty;ytu; – #uh. 6: 61-62
vq;Fk; epiwe;jtu; – #uh. 2: 115@ 7: 7
vy;yhk; mwpe;jtu; – #uh. 2: 115@ 2: 268@ 10: 61
xd;whdtu; – #uh 4:171
jpupj;Jtkhdtu; my;y – #uh. 4: 171
jdpj;Jkhdtu; – #uh. 112: 4
my;yh`; kl;LNk tzf;fj;jpw;Fupatu; – #uh. 3: 64
NkYk; ghh;f;f:
- my;yh`;Tk; K`k;kJTk; – #uh. 3: 32
- jpupj;JtKk; kupahSk; – #uh. 5:116

6.4 my;yh`;Tk; ,];yhkpau;fSk;

nghJthd ghu;itapNy my;yh`; epahaj; jPu;g;gpd; flTshf> gaKWj;Jk; flTshf ghu;f;fg;gl;lhYk;> ,];yhkpau; mtiu md;gpd; flTshfNt ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
,];yhkpau; midtUk; my;yh`;it Nerpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
xU ,];yhkpaUf;F my;yh`;Tf;Ff; fPo;g;gbjNy jiyaha flikahff; fhzg;glNtz;Lk; .

my;yh`;Tk; re;jpuf; flTSk;?

,];yhkpd; ek;gpf;ifahdJ iggpspd; flTNs my;yh`; vd;Wk; gpw;fhyj;jpy; A+j kw;Wk; fpwp];jt kjq;fs; fiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L tp;l;ld vd;Wk;> ,];yhNk flTs; ek;gpf;ifia rhpahf kPl;nlLj;jJ vd;W $WfpwJ. Mdhy;> my;yh`Tf;Fk;; A+j kw;Wk; fpwp];jt kiwE}y;fspy; fhzg;gLk; flTshfpa ‘ahNt’ (m) NaNfhthTf;Fk; ve;jj; njhlu;Gk; ,y;iy vd;gNj epju;rdkhd cz;ikahFk;.
rpy tuyhw;W kw;Wk; fpwp];jt mwpQu;fs; my;yh`;itAk; mNugpahtpd; re;jpuf; flTs;fisAk; xg;Gikg;gLj;jp> mr;re;jpuf; flTNs my;yh`; Mdhu; vd thjpLfpd;wdu;. mjw;F mtu;fs; $Wk; fhuzq;fshtd:
K`k;kJtpw;F Kd; nkf;fhtpNy gy Nfhj;jpuq;fSk; ‘fh/ghit’j; njhOjdu;.
mtu;fs; gy flTs; nfhs;if cilatuhapUe;J (polytheists) Vwf;Fiwa 360 flTs;fis topgl;ldu;.
me;j 360 flTs;fspy; gpujhd flTshf ‘rpd;’(sin) vd;w re;jpuf; flTs; fhzg;gl;lJ. rpd;Df;F cs;s gl;lg;ngauhdJ ‘my; ,yh’ (Al-ilah) vd;gNj. mjw;F mu;j;jk; gpujhd flTs; vd;gjhFk;.
rpd; #upa Njtijia kze;J nfhz;ljhfTk;> mtu;fSf;F el;rj;jpuq;fs; gps;isfshf gpwe;jjhfTk; mk;kf;fs; ek;gpdu;.
‘rpd;’ dpd; milahskhdJ gpiwahFk;.
K`k;kJ ,e;j re;jpuf; flTis tzq;Fk; kjj;jpy; gpwe;J tsu;f;fg;gl;lhu;.
re;jpuf; flTshfpa ‘rpd;’id my;yh`;NthL njhlu;G gLj;Jk; mwpQu;fspd; $w;Wg;gb> K`k;kJTf;F Kd;Ndhuhdtu;fs; jq;fs; flTshfpa ‘rpd;’Nd 360 flTs;fSf;Fk; jiyahd flTs; vdf;$wp te;jdu;. Mdhy; K`k;kJNth ,e;j ‘rpd;’idj; jiyikf; flTs; vd;gjpypUe;J xNu flTshf khw;wp tpl;lhu; vdf; $Wfpd;wdu;.
gpwF K`k;kJ iggpspd; flTshfpa ‘ahNt’apd; Fzhjpraq;fspy; rpytw;iwf; my;yh`;Tf;F nfhLj;J my;yh`; jhd; ahNt vd;W $wpdhu; vd;Wk; nkhj;jj;jpy; my;yh`; vd;gJ gz;ila re;jpuf; flTs; nfhs;if kjq;fNshL iggpisAk; fye;J K`k;kJthy; Gidag;gl;l fjhghj;jpuk; vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wdh;. (Robert Morey ‘The Islamic Invasion’). ,J rpe;jpf;fj; jf;fJ.
,d;Wk; $l ,];yhkpaupd; vy;yh topghLfSk; gz;biffSk; re;jpud;> gpiw kw;Wk; el;lrj;jpuq;fs; rhu;e;Nj mike;Js;sJ vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

6.6 my;yh`;Tf;Fk; ahNtf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s tpj;jpahrq;fs;

,g;ghlj;jpy; my;yh`;tpd; Njhw;wj;jijf; Fwpj;Jg; ghu;j;j ehk;> filrpahf ‘my;yh`;Tf;Fk;’ iggpspd; jpupNaff; flTshfpa ahNt (m) NaNfhthTf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s tpj;jpahrq;fisf; Fwpj;J mwpa Ntz;baJ fl;lhakhFk;. Vndd;why; xw;Wikfis tpl Ntw;WikfNs mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. kl;Lky;yhky; FuhdhdJ my;yh`; jhd; ‘ahNt’ vd;W jtwhf cupik nfhz;lhLfpwJ. cjhuzkhf > Fuhdpy;>

my;yh`; MW ehl;fspy; gpugQ;rj;ijr; rpU\;bj;jhu; (10:3)
mtNu xNu flTs; (5: 73@ 4:87)
Mjhk; kw;Wk; Vthis rpU\;bj;jtu; (2: 31@ 7: 189-190)
Mgpufhkpd; (,g;uh`Pk;) flTs; (2:125)
NkhNria (%]h) mDg;gp ,];uNiy tpLtpj;jtu; (7:103)
,NaRit ,t;Tyfj;jpw;F mDg;gpdtu; (3: 49-51)
KjyhtJ NjhuhitAk; gpwF RtpNr\q;fisAk; filrpahf FuhidAk; nfhLj;jtu; (3:3)

Mdhy; Nkw;$wpa vy;yh thjq;fisAk; ngha;ahf;Fk; tpjkhf ‘my;yh`;Tf;Fk;’ ahNtf;Fk; fhzg;glf;$ba tpj;jpahrq;fisf; Fwpj;Jg; ghu;g;Nghk;.

6.6.1 tpj;jpahrk; – 01 (ngau;)

FuhdhdJ flTspd; ngau; my;yh`; jhd; vdf; $WfpwJ (#uh. 5: 73)
iggpspy; flTisf; Fwpg;gjw;F Kjyhtjhf Vy; (EL) vd;w ngau; tUfpwJ. vgpNuaj;jpy; ,jw;F flTs; vd mu;j;jk;.
Mdhy; flTs; jdJ ngaiu ,];uNtyUf;F nspg;gLj;jpdhu; (ahj;. 3:14). mg;ngauhdJ ehd;F vgpNua vOj;Jfspd; $l;lhFk; – (YHVH). ,e;j ehd;F vOj;Jf;fSk; gpd;du; ‘ahNt’ my;yJ ‘NaNfhth’ vd;Wk; cr;rupf;fg;gl;ld. thrpf;f (Nytp. 18:4-6@ 1 rhK. 3: 8@ Nahdh. 1:9)
ahNt jhd; jd; ehkk; vd;W flTNs Vrhah 42: 8 y; $wpAs;shu;.
mtUf;F ‘fu;j;ju;’ cs;gl NtW gy fhuzg; ngau;fs; #l;lg;gl;lhYk; ‘ahNt’ jhd; mtu; ntspg;gLj;jpa ngauhFk;.
‘ahNt’ vd;w ehkkhdJ iggpspy; gpjh> Fkhud;> gupRj;j Mtpahdtu; Mfpa %d;W egu;fSf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ. ‘ahNt’ vd;gjw;F vg;NghJk; ,Uff;pNwd; vd;gJ mu;j;jkhFk; (ahj; 3:14)
Mdhy; iggpspy; xU ,lj;jpy; $l ‘my;yh`;’ md;w ngau; fhzg;gltpy;iy.

Mifahy; my;yh`;;tpd; ehkKk; NaNfhthtpd; ehkKk; xd;wy;y vd;gij mwpa Ntz;Lk;.

6.6.2 tpj;jpahrk; – 02 (jt;`Pj; versus jpupj;Jtk;)

iggpspd; flTs; jpupNafkhdtu; (kj;. 28: 19> 20) mtupy; xUik kw;Wk; gd;ik cz;L.
Mdhy; my;yh`; xUikahdtu; kl;LNk (#uh. 4: 171).
my;yh`; epj;jpakhf md;G nra;tjw;F ahUk; ,y;iy. Mdhy; iggpspd; flTNsh md;ghfNtapUf;fpwhu; (1 Nahthd;. 4: 8)

6.6.3 tpj;jpahrk; – 03 (,];uNty;)

iggpspd; flTs; ,];uNyupd; flTshapUf;fpwhu;. “,];uNtypd; flTs;” vd;w nrhy; iggpspy; 203 Kiw tUfpwJ.
my;yh`; A+ju;fis ntWf;fpwhu; (Anti-Semitic)

6.6.4 tpj;jpahrk; – 04 (,ul;rpg;G)

iggpspy; ,ul;rpg;G kDf;Fy kPl;Gf;fhd ,NaRtpd; kuzk; kw;Wk; capu;j;njOjiy tpRthrpg;gu;fSf;F ,ytrkhff; nfhLf;fg; gLfpwJ (Nuhku;. 5: 8@ Nahthd;. 3: 16@ 1 NgJU. 2: 24@ vNgrp. 2: 8> 9@ 1 Nahthd;. 5: 13)
my;yh`; ,ul;rpg;ig tpRthrk; kw;Wk; ew;fpupia nra;gtu;fSf;F toq;fyhk;. (#uh. 3: 57@ 2: 223). ,];yhkpy; ,ul;rpg;gpd; ve;j epr;raKk; ,y;iy.

6.6.5 tpj;jpahrk; – 05 (Aj;jk;)

my;yh`;Tf;fhf Aj;jk; nra;J kupf;fTk; jahuhapUf;f Ntz;Lk; (#uh. 4: 74).
NaNfhth NjtDf;fhf kuz gupae;jk; cz;ikahapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; Aj;jk; nra;J kupf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. ,NaRtpd; kuzNk NghJkhdJ (Nuhku;. 5: 8)

6.6.6 tpj;jpahrk; – 06 (guNyhfk;)

iggps; $Wk; guNyhfk;
- fu;j;jiuj; juprpg;Nghk.;
- kupj;j kw;w gupRj;jthd;fisr; re;jpg;Nghk;.
- fz;zPNuh NtjidNah tpahjpNah tWikNah Jd;gNkh fpilahJ.
- mq;Nf jpUkzk; fpilahJ (kj;.22.30)
my;yh`; thf;fspj;j guNyhfk;;
- ntw;wp ngw;NwhUf;F Njhl;lk; JuTfNshL ngUj;j khu;Gila fd;dpiffs; Jizfshff; nfhLf;fg; gLtu; (#uh. 78: 31-34)
- gy;NtW Fzhjpraq;fNshLs;s fd;dpiffs; guNyhfj;ij myq;fupg;ghu;fs; (#uh. 37: 40-48@ 52: 17-20@ 56: 7-40> 55: 70-77@ 55: 56-57)
- fd;dpiffs; ,aw;if cghijfs; fopf;f khl;lhu;fs; (Sahih Bukhari 4: 55:544)
- K`k;kJ $Wfpwhu; “guNyhfj;jpy; Muk;g gupNr 72 kidtpfSk;> 80>000 Ntiyf;fhuUk; MFk;”. ( Al – Rahman 55> 72)
- ,jw;Nfw;w jhk;gj;jpa typikAk; nfhLf;fg;gLk; (E}W NgUf;fhd typik) Sunan Ibn Majah, Zuhd (39)

6.6.7 tpj;jpahrk; – 07 (Ra rpj;jk;)

iggpspy; flTs; xU kdpjd; jd;id tpRthrpf;fTk;> tpRthrpf;fhkypUg;gjw;Fkhd Kbit njhpe;J nfhs;Sk; xU Ra rpj;jj;ij toq;fpAs;shu; (NahRth. 24: 16> ntsp. 3;:20)
“my;yh`;Nth” ,];yhkpauy;yhj midtUk; Fwpg;ghf tpf;fpuf Muhjidf;fhuu; ahtUk; nfhy;yg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vd fl;lisapLfpwhu; (#uh. 9:5@ 8;:67).

6.6.8 tpj;jpahrk; – 08 (kj;jpa];ju;)

my;yh`;Tf;F ve;j kj;jpa];jUk; fpilahJ (#uh.6: 51).
iggpspNy NjtDf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fk; ,ilapy; kj;jpa];juhf ,NaR fpwp];J $wg;gLfpwhu; (1 jPNkh. 2:5)

6.6.9 tpj;jpahrk; – 09 (kdkhw;wk;)

my;yh`; jdJ kdijAk; ntspg;ghLfisAk; khw;wf;$batu; (#uh. 2: 106@ 16: 101).
Mdhy; NaNfhthNth kdk; khwkhl;lhu; (ky;fpah. 3: 6@ rq;fPjk;. 119: 89).

,e;j tpj;jpahrq;fs; my;yh`;Tk; ahNt (m) NaNfhthTk; xUtuy;y vd;gijj; njspthf czu;j;Jfpd;wd.

ghlk; 07

,];yhkpy; ,NaR fpwp];J

7.1 Fuhdpy; ,NaR fpwp];J

7.2 ,NaR fpwp];J jPu;f;fjuprp kl;Lk; jhdh?

7.3 ,];yhkpau; ,NaR fpwp];Jitf; Fwpj;J kWjypf;fpw fhupaq;fs;

7.4 iggpspd; ,NaR fpwp];J

ehk; fle;j ghlj;jpNy ,];yhkpaupd; flTshfpa my;yh`;itf; Fwpj;Jg; ghu;itapl;Nlhk;. ,e;j ghlj;jpy; ,NaR fpwp];Jitf; Fwpj;j ,];yhkpaupd; ek;gpf;ifiaAk;> iggps; $Wk; ,NaR fpwp];J ,];yhkpd; ,NaR fpwp];Jit tpl vg;gb NtWgLfpwhu; vd;gijAk; fw;Wf; nfhs;stpUf;fpNwhk;.

7.1 Fuhdpy; ,NaR fpwp];J

,];yhkpaupd; kiwE}yhfpa Fuhdpy;> ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; tho;f;if Fwpj;j KOikahd nra;jp ,lk; ngwhtpl;lhYk;> ,NaRtpd; gpwg;G> Copak;> guNkWjy; Nghd;w nra;jpfs; khWjyhf $wg;gl;Ls;sd.

,];yhkpy; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfk; kWf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,];yhkpy;> ,NaR K`k;kJTf;F mLj;j xU khngUk; jPu;f;fjuprpahff; fUjg;gLfpwhu;. ,NaR fpwp];Jit Njtdhf topgLtJ ,];yhkpy; Fw;wkhFk.;; ,q;Nf ,NaR fpwp];Jitf; Fwpj;J Fuhd; $Wk; MW fhupaq;fisg; ghu;g;Nghk;.

7.1.1 ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; gpwg;G

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; gpwg;ghdJ GU\ rpj;jkpy;yhky; cz;lhdJ. mjhtJ> GU\id mwpahj fd;dpahfpa kupak; (kupahs;) ,NaR fpwp];Jit my;yh`;tpd; mw;Gj nraypdhy; ngw;nwLj;jhs; vd Fuhd; $WfpwJ (#uh.19: 16-21).

Fuhdpd; gb ,NaRtpd; fd;dpg; gpwg;G mtuJ nja;tPfj;jpw;F rhd;whfhJ. Mjhkpd; mw;Gj gilg;igg; Nghy ,NaRTk; mw;Gjkhf cz;lhf;fg;gl;lhu; (#uh. 3: 59).

7.1.2 ,NaR fpwp];Jpd; mw;Gjq;fs;

my;yh`;tpd; ty;yikapdhy; ,NaR mNef mw;Gjq;fs; nra;jhu; vd Fuhd; $WfpwJ (#uh. 5: 110).
Fuhdpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s rpy mw;Gjq;fs; js;Sgbahfkq;fspy; $wg;gLk; ,NaRtpd; nraNyhL xj;Jg; Nghfpd;wd.
,NaRtpd; mw;Gjq;fshdJ kw;w jPu;f;fjuprpfs; jk; jk; ehLfspy; nra;jJ Nghy A+jUf;fhf nra;ag;gl;lJ. mJ mt;tsNt.

7.1.3 ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfk; ?

Fuhdpd;gb ,NaR fpwp];J jd;id nja;tPfkhdtu; vd;Nwh> tzf;fj;Jf;Fupatu; vd;Nwh $wtpy;iy.
,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nra;jpahdJ mtuJ rP\uhy; khw;wg;gl;L> my;yh`;tpd; rl;lj;jpw;F khwhf mtu; flTshf;fg;gl;lhu; vdTk; Fuhd; $WfpwJ (#uh. 5: 73-75).
flTis jpupNafkhf ek;Gfpwtu;fis Fuhd; vr;rupf;fpwJ (#uh. 5: 73-75;;> 4: 171@ 19: 88-93).
epahaj;jPu;g;G ehspNy ,NaR fpwp];Jtplk; ,J Fwpj;J my;yh`; tprhupg;ghu; (#uh. 5: 116-117).

7.1.4 ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Copak;

Fuhd; ,NaRit xU egpahf (jPu;f;fj;juprpahf) rpj;jupf;fpwJ. mjw;F Nky; xd;Wk; fpilahJ. jPu;f;fjuprpfs; my;yh`;tpd; gilg;Gfspy; rpwe;jtu;fshapUf;fpwhu;fs;.
NkhNr kw;Wk; gpw jPu;f;fjuprpfspd; nra;jpia tpl;L top jtwpd A+ju;fis Neu;topg;gLj;j ,NaR mDg;gg;gl;lhu;.
jdf;Fg;gpd; tug;NghFk; egpahfpa K`k;kJitf; Fwpj;J Kd;dwptpg;gJk; ,NaRtpd; gzpahFk;. (#uh. 61: 6).

7.1.5. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; rpYit kuzk;?

Fuhdpd;gb ,NaR fpwp];J rpYitapy; miwag;gltpy;iy. my;yh`; ,NaRitj; jd;dplkha; cau;j;jpf; nfhz;lhu; (#uh. 4: 158).
,NaRit rpYitapy; miwtjhf epidj;J A+ju;fs; NtnwhUtiu rpYitapy; miwe;jhu;fs;. (#uh. 4: 157).
Fuhdpd;gb ,NaRTf;F kuzk; mtrpakpy;yhjjhFk;. xUtupd; ghtj;ij ,d;ndhUtu; Rkg;gJ $lhj fhupakhFk;. (#uh. 39: 7).

7.1.6 ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,uz;lhk; tUif

,];yhkpau; ,NaR kPz;Lk; ,t;tyfpw;F tUthu; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; mtuJ tUifapd; Nehf;fKk; nraYk; fpwp];jtu;fs; ek;Gtij tpl tpj;jpahrkhdJ.

,NaR fpwp];J kPz;Lk; te;J l[hiy (me;jpf; fpwp];J) Njhw;fbj;J my;yh`;tpd; Ml;rpia epWTthu;. rpYitfis Kwpj;J> gd;wpfis mopg;ghu;.
cyfj;jpy; jpUkzk; nra;J> gps;isfs; ngw;W> kupj;J> K`k;kJtpd; fy;yiwf;F mUfpy; mlf;fk; nra;ag;gLthu;.
epahaj;jPu;g;G ehspy; capu;j;njOg;gg;gl;L> my;yh`;Tf;F Kd;ghf fpwp];jtu;fis Fw;wQ;rhl;Lthu;. (#uh. 4: 159).

Nkw;$wpa ,itfNs ,NaRthdtiuf; Fwpj;j nka;ahd cz;ik vdTk;> fpwp];jtu;fs; ,e;j cz;ikfis jpupj;J khw;wp tpl;lhu;fs; vdTk; > kPz;Lk; ,t;Tz;ikfs; K`k;kJ %ykhf Fuhdpy; kPl;nlLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vdTk; ,];yhkpau; $Wfpd;wdu;.

7.2 ,NaR fpwp];J jPu;f;fj;juprp kl;Lk;jhdh?

Fuhd; ,NaR fpwp];Jit xU egpahf kl;LNk $Wtjhf ,];yhkpau; $Wfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; Fuhdpy; ,NaRitf; Fwpj;J Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s vy;yhtw;iwAk; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ> ,NaR fpwp];J jPu;f;fjuprp kl;Lk; jhdh vd rpe;jpf;fj; Njhd;WfpwJ. Fuhdpy; 15 #uhf;fspy; 93 trdq;fspy; ,NaR fpwp];Jitg; gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpNy ,NaRitf; Fwpj;J Fwpj;J Neu;kiwahf $wg;gl;Ls;sit:

ePjpAs;s jPu;f;fjhprp (6: 85)
,];uNtYf;fhd J}Jtu; (3:39-51) mjpy; flTspd; J}ju; (10 Kiw)
kupahspd; kfd; (23 Kiw)
Nkrpah (11 Kiw)
NjtDila Copau;
NjtDila thu;j;ij
Mtp
milahsk;
cjhuzk;
rhl;rp
,NaRtpd; fd;dpg;gpwg;G (3: 47)
iggpspy; Fwpg;gplhj mw;Gjq;fs;

,q;Nf ,NaRitf; Fwpj;J Fuhdpy; Fwpg;glg;gl;Ls;s fhupaq;fs; cyfpy; NtW ve;j jPu;f;fjuprpf;Fk; $wg;gltpy;iy. nrhy;yg; Nghdhy; K`k;kJ $l ve;j mw;Gjj;ijAk; nra;atpy;iy. Mifahy; Fuhdpy; ,NaRit xU jPu;ff;fj;juprpahf kl;LNk $wg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;fpw fUj;J Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $lhjjhFk;.

7.3. ,];yhkpau; ,NaR fpwp];Jitf; Fwpj;J kWjypf;fpw fhupaq;fs;

,];yhkpau; ,NaR fpwp];Jitg; gw;wpf; $Wk; NghNj (PBUH – Peace Be Upon Him) vdf; $Wtu;. ,gg;b mtiu cau;thff; $wpdhYk;> mtiuf; Fwpj;j mbg;gil cz;ikfis kWjypf;fpd;wdu;. mitahtd:

7.3.1 ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfj;ij ,];yhkpau; kWjypf;fpd;wdu;

my;yh`; xUtNu. mtu; ngwg;glTk; ,y;iy. ngWtJk; ,y;iy. (#uh. 112)
kupahspd; kfdhfpa ,NaR flTs; vdf; $WNthu; J}\zf;fhuu; (#uh. 5: 72).
flTs; kfitg; ngw;nwLj;jhu; vd $WNthu; J}\zf;fhuu; (#uh. 19: 88)

7.3.2. ,NaRtpdhy; tUk; ,ul;rpg;ig ,];yhkpau; kWjypf;fpd;wdu;

,];yhkpaUf;F ,ul;rpg;ghdJ mtutu; thOk; tho;itr; rhu;e;jJ. xU kD\id ,ul;rpf;f NtnwhU kD\d; Njitapy;iy.
flTs; ahiuAk; vg;gbAk; vg;NghJk; kd;dpf;f KbAk;. mtUf;F gpuhar;rpj;jg; gyp mtrpakpy;iy.
XU kD\Dila ew;fpupia Ju;f;fpupiafis tpl mjpfkhapUe;jhy; mtd; nrhu;f;fk; nry;thd;@ vjpu;kiwahapUe;jhy; eufk; nry;Ythd;.

7.3.3 ,NaRNt kj;jpa];ju; vd;gij ,];yhkpau; kWjypf;fpd;wdu;

,];yhkpaUf;F NjtDf;Fk; kD\Df;Fk; ,ilapy; NtW ahUk; kj;jpa];juhapUf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy.

7.3.4 ,NaRitf; Fwpj;J ,]yhkpau; kWjypf;ff; $ba NtW rpy fhupaq;fs;

,NaRtpd; epj;jpa jd;ikia – #uh. 43: 59
,NaRtpd; rpYit kuzj;ij – #uh. 4: 157 – 159
,NaRNt epahahjpgjp vd;gij

7.4 iggpspd; ,NaR fpwp];J

,];yhkpaUf;F ,NaR fpwp];J xU kdpjd; vd;gjpNyh xU egp vd;gjpNyh khw;Wf; fUj;J ,y;iy. gpujhdkhf mtuJ nja;tPfj;ijNa epuhfupf;fpd;wdh;. Mifahy; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfj;jpw;F iggpd; $Wk; rhl;rpapidg; ghh;Nghk;.

,NaRtpd; Neubahd rP\u;fs; mtuJ nja;tPfj;jd;ikia mwpf;ifapl;Ls;sdu;. NjtdhNy kl;Lk; nra;af;$bajhd ghtj;ij kd;dpf;Fk; jd;ik ,NaRTf;Fk; cz;L vd;W giwrhw;wpdhu;fs;. (mg;Ngh];jyu; 5:31; nfhnyhNrau; 3:13; rq;fPjk; 130:4; vNukpah 31:34) “capNuhbUf;fpwtu;fisAk; kupj;jtu;fisAk; epahae;jPu;f;fg;Nghfpw fu;j;juhfpa ,NaRfpwp];J” (2 jPNkh. 4:1) vd;W gTy; $Wfpwhh;. Njhkh ,NaRit Nehf;fp> “vd; Mz;ltNu> vd; NjtNd!” vd;W $g;gpl;lhu; (Nahthd; 20:28). gTy; ,NaRit “kfh NjtDk;> ,ul;rfUk;” (jPj;J 2:13) vd;W $wp> NkYk; ,NaR kdpjdhf mtjupg;gjw;F Kd;> “NjtDila &gkhapUe;jhu;” (gpypg;gpau; 2:5-8) vd;Wk; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpwhu;. gpjhthfpa Njtd; ,NaRitf; Fwpj;J “NjtNd> ck;Kila rpq;fhrdk; vd;nwd;iwf;FKs;sJ” vd;W $Wfpwhu; (vgpNuau; 1:8). Nahthd; “MjpapNy thu;j;ij ,Ue;jJ> me;j thu;j;ij Njtdplj;jpypUe;jJ> me;j thu;j;ij NjtdhapUe;jJ” vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhu; (Nahthd; 1:1). Ntjhfkj;jpd; gy gFjpfs; fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfj;jd;ikia vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. (ntsp. 1:17; 2:8; 22:13; 1 nfhupe;jpau; 10:4; 1 NgJU 2:6-8; rq;fPjk; 18:2; 95:1; 1 NgJU 5:4; vgpNuau; 13:20) ,NaR fpwp];J mtuJ rP\u;fshy; Njtdhf vz;zg;gl;lhu; vd;gjw;F ,tw;wpy; xd;Nw NghJkhdJ.

gioa Vw;ghl;by; NaNfhthtpw;Nf (NjtDila mjpfhug;G+u;tkhd ehkk;) cupa ehkq;fs; ,NaRTf;Fk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. gioa Vw;ghl;L ehkkhd “kPl;gu;” (rq;fPjk; 130:7;> Xrpah 13:14) Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; ,NaRTf;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ (jPj;J 2:13;> ntsp. 5:9). kj;NjA 1 y;> ,NaR ,k;khDNty; (“Njtd; ek;NkhbUf;fpwhu;”) vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwhu;. rfupah 12:10 y;> NaNfhth jhd;> “mtu;fs; jhq;fs; Fj;jpd vd;id Nehf;fpg;ghu;j;J>” vdf; $Wfpwhu;. Mdhy; Gjpa Vw;ghL ,NaRtpd; rpYit kuzj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl ,e;j trdj;ijg; gad;gLj;JfpwJ (Nahthd; 19:37; ntsp. 1:7). NaNfhthitf; Fwpj;Jk;> ,NaRitf; Fwpj;Jk; “Fj;jpdhu;fs;” kw;Wk; “Nehf;fpg;ghu;j;jhu;fs;” vd Ntjhfkk; nrhy;Ykhdhy;> ,NaRTk; NaNfhthTk; xd;whf ,Uf;fpwhu;fs; my;yJ ,UtUk; xd;Nw vd;W mu;j;jk; nfhs;sKbAk;. Vrhah 45:22-23 I mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTy; ,NaRTf;F cgNahfpj;J tpahf;fp;ahdk; nra;fpwhu; (gpypg;gpau; 2:10-11). NkYk;> ,NaRtpDila ehkk; n[gj;jpy; NjtDila ehkj;NjhL gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ> “ek;Kila gpjhthfpa NjtdhYk;> fu;j;juhfpa ,NaR fpwp];JtpdhYk; cq;fSf;Ff; fpUigAk; rkhjhdKk; cz;lhtjhf” (fyhj;jpau; 1:3; vNgrpau; 1:2). ,NaR fpwp];J nja;tPfj;jd;ik ,y;yhjtnud;why;> ,J NjtJ}\zkhfptpLk;. ,NaRtpd; Qhd];ehdf; fl;lisapYk; ,NaRtpDila ehkk; NjtDila ehkj;NjhL ,ize;J fhzg;gLfpwJ> “gpjh Fkhud; gupRj;j Mtpapd; ehkj;jpNy” (kj;NjA 28:19; kw;Wk; 2 nfhupe;jpau; 13:14 iaAk; fhz;f).

Njtdhy; kl;LNk nra;af;$ba nray;fs; ,NaRTf;F #l;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,NaR kupj;Njhiu vOg;gpdJ kl;Lky;yhky; (Nahthd; 5:21> 11:38-44) ghtj;ijAk; kd;dpj;jhu; (mg;Ngh];jyu; 5:31> 13:38)> mtu; cyifg; gilj;J> jhq;fTk; nra;fpwhu; (Nahthd; 1:2; nfhnyhNrau; 1:16-17). naNfhth kl;LNk rpU\;bg;gpd; NghJ ,Ue;jhu; vd;gij xUtu; vz;Zk; NghJ ,J NkYk; njspthfpd;wJ. NkYk;> nja;tPfjd;ikAs;stu; my;yJ Njtd; kl;LNk nfhz;Ls;s gz;Gfis fpwp];JTk; cilatuhapUf;fpwhu;: epj;jpakhdtu; (Nahthd; 8:58)> ru;t tpahgp (kj;NjA 18:20> 28:20)> ru;t Qhdp (kj;NjA 16:21) kw;Wk; ru;tty;yikAs;stu; (Nahthd; 11: 38-44).

ehd; Njtd; vd;W $WtJ xd;W. mJ cz;iknad;W kw;wtu;fis ek;gitj;J Kl;lhshf;FtJ NtW> Mdhy; KOf;f KOf;f mJ cz;iknad;W ep&gpg;gJ NtW. fpwp];J jd;Dila nja;tPfj;jd;ikia gy mjpraq;fs; kw;Wk; mw;Gjq;fs; %ykhf ep&gpj;jpUf;fpwhu;. ,NaRtpd; mw;Gjq;fspy; xU rpy: jz;zPiuj; jpuhl;rurkhf khw;wpaJ (Nahthd; 2:7)> jz;zPupd; Nky; ele;jJ (kj;NjA 14:25)> nghUl;fisg; gd;klq;fhf;fpaJ (Nahthd; 6:11)> FUliuf; Fzkhf;fpaJ (Nahthd; 9:7)> Kltiuf; Fzkhf;fpaJ (khw;F 2:3)> gpzpahspfisf; Fzkhf;fpaJ (kj;NjA 9:35; khw;F 1:40-42)> NkYk; kupj;Njhiu capNuhL vOg;gpaJ (Nahthd; 11:43-44;> Y}f;fh 7:11-15; khw;F 5:35) Mfpaitfs; mlq;Fk;. NkYk;> fpwp];J jhNk kupj;NjhupypUe;J capu;j;njOe;jhu;. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; tuyhw;W cz;ik rhh;e;j capu;j;njOjiyg; Nghd;w vJTk; kw;w kjq;fshy; typAWj;jg;gltpy;iy> kw;Wk; ,e;j mstpw;F rhd;WfisAk; cilajhapUf;ftpy;iy.

fpwp];jtuy;yhj mwpQu;fs; $l Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sfpd;w tifapy; ,NaRitf; Fwpj;J Fiwe;jJ gd;dpuz;L tuyhw;W cz;ikfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd:

,NaR rpYitapy; miwag;gl;L kupj;jhu;.
mtu; mlf;fk; gz;zg;gl;lhu;.
mtuJ kuzk; rP\u;fis fyq;fr; nra;J ek;gpf;if ,of;fTk; nra;jJ.
rpy ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd;G ,NaRtpd; fy;yiw ntWikahdjhf fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.
capu;j;njOe;j ,NaRtpd; fhl;rpfis czu;e;jjhf rP\u;fs; ek;gpdu;.
,jw;Fg; gpd;G> re;Njfpj;jtu;fs; ijupakhd tpRthrpfshf khwpdu;.
,r;nra;jpNa Mjpj; jpUr;rigapd; ikag; gpurq;fkhdJ.
,r;nra;jp vUrNykpy; gpurq;fpf;fg;gl;lJ.
,g;gpurq;fj;jpd; tpisthf jpUr;rig Njhd;wp tsu;e;jJ.
,NaRtpd; capu;j;njOjypd; ehshfpa QhapW> Xa;T ehshfpa rdpf;fpoikf;Fg; gjpyhf gpujhd Muhjid ehshdJ.
eh];jpfthjpahf ,Ue;j ahf;NfhG> capu;j;njOe;j ,NaRit fz;lNghJ mtUk; tpRthrpj;J rP\uhdhu;.
fpwp];jtj;jpw;F vjpupahapUe;j gTy; capu;j;njOe;j ,NaRtpd; fhl;rpiaf; fz;l mDgtj;jhy; khw;wg;gl;lhu;.

,e;j Fwpg;gpl;l gl;baiy ahuhtJ vjpu;j;jhYk; $l> capu;j;njOjiy ep&gpf;fTk;> RtpNr\j;ij epiyehl;lTk; xU rpy rhd;WfNs NghJkhdJ: ,NaRtpd; kuzk;> mlf;fk;> capu;j;njOjy;> Njhd;wp fhl;rpaspj;jy; Kjypait (1 nfhupe;jpau; 15:1-5). xUNtis rpy Nfhl;ghLfs; Nkw;$wpa xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L cz;ikfSf;F tpsf;fkspf;f Kbe;jhYk;> capu;j;njOjypdhy; kl;LNk midj;ijAk; tpsf;fTk; fzf;fplTk; KbAk;. rP\u;fs; capu;j;njOe;j ,NaRitf; fz;ljhf $Wtij jpwdha;thsu;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. kf;fis khw;wpd capu;j;njOjy; Nghy; ngha;fNsh> gpuk;ikfNsh nra;aKbahJ. KjyhtJ> ,jdhy; mtu;fSf;F yhgk; vd;d? fpwp];jtk; gpurpj;jp ngwTkpy;iy> epr;rakhf gzk; <l;bj;juTkpy;iy. ,uz;lhtJ> ngha;au;fs; ey;y ,uj;jr;rhl;rpfshfapUf;f KbahJ. jq;fsJ tpRthrj;jpw;fhf nfh^ukhd Kiwapy; kupj;j rP\u;fspd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F rpwe;j tpsf;fk; capu;j;njOjy; jtpu Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy. Mk;> gyu; jhq;fs; cz;iknad;W ek;gpd ngha;f;fhf kupg;ghu;fs;> Mdhy; vtUk; cz;ikapy;iy vd;W jhq;fs; mwpe;j xd;Wf;fhf kupf;fkhl;lhu;fs;.

Mf> ,NaR fpwp];J> jhd; NaNfhth Njtd; vd;W mjpraq;fs; %ykhfTk; cyifNa khw;wpd jdJ kuzk; kw;Wk; capu;j;njOjy; %ykhfTk; ep&gpj;jhu;. mtuJ rP\u;fs; mtiu Njtd; vd;W ek;gp Vw;Wf;nfhz;ldu;. ,NaRtpd; nja;tPfj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fpwp];jtj;jpd; %ykhf cyfNk MrPh;tjpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfj;jd;ik iggps; gpufhukhdjhFk;. (ed;wp: Got Questions.org)

ghlk; 08

\upah rl;lk;

\upah rl;lk; mwpKfk;
\upah rl;lk; – tiuaiw
\upah rl;lKk; NjtDila Ml;rpAk;
\upah rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gil
\upah rl;lj;jpd; fPo; tUk; nray;fs;
\upah rl;lj;jpd; cl;gpupTfs;
\upah rl;lj;jpw;Fk; NkhNrapd; rl;lj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s tpj;jpahrq;fs;
\upah rl;lKk; fpwp];jtu;fSk;

ehk; fle;j ghlj;jpNy ,];yhkpy; ,NaR fpwp];Jitf; Fwp;j;j ek;gpf;ifiaAk; iggps; $Wk; ,NaR fpwp];JitAk; Fwpj;Jg; ghu;j;Njhk;. ,e;jg; ghlj;jpNy ,];yhkpaupd; mbg;gil rl;lkhfpa \upah rl;lj;ijf; Fwpj;J fw;Wf; nfhs;stpUf;fpNwhk;.

8.1 \upah rl;lk; – mwpKfk;

\upah rl;lk; (m) ,];yhkpa rl;lk; vd;gJ ,];yhkpa ghuk;gupaj;jpd; ,];yhkpa Njrr; rl;lkhFk;. \upah vd;gJ ,];yhkpau;fSf;F flTspd; rl;lkhFk;. ,J kdpju;fspd; rl;lkhfpa /gpf; (Figh)ypUe;J NtWgl;ljhFk;. \upah rl;lk; ,];yhkpaupd; tho;tpy; vy;yhg; gFjpfspYk; gq;F tfpf;ff; $bajhapUf;fpwJ. \upah rl;lj;jpw;F mbg;gilahapUg;gJ Fuhd; kw;Wk; `jP]; MFk;.

rTjp mNugpah> Vkd;> GUnda;> fj;jhu;> ghfp];jhd;> If;fpa muG mkPufk;> <uhf;> <uhd;> Mg;fhdp];jhd;> #lhd;> nkhupNrhdpah ehLfspy; kw;Wk; ,e;NjhNd\pah ehl;bd; rpy gFjpfspy; \upah rl;lk; mkypy; cs;sJ. ,d;iwa cyfpy; \upah rl;lj;jpd; nghUj;jk; Fwpj;j tpthjkhdJ ,];yhkpa mbg;gilthjpfs; (Fundamentalists) kw;Wk; etPdthjpfs; (Modernists) ,ilNa fhzg;gLfpwJ.

\upah rl;lk; – tiuaiw

\upah vd;gjw;F vOj;jpd; gbahd mu;j;jkhdJ ghiytdj;jpYs;s jz;zPu; jlhfj;jpw;fhd topahFk; (Path to the Watering Hole). \upah vd;gjw;F Md;kPf mu;j;jkhf> gpd;gw;Wjw;fhd top (m) tho;Tf;fhd top vdf; $Wtu;. (#uh.45: 18).

\upah rl;lj;jpd; NtW ngau;fs;:

Shara’a – mtu; Vw;gLj;jpaJ (#uh.45:13)
Shara’u – mtu;fs; epakpj;jJ (#uh. 42: 21)
Shar’atun – Md;kPf rl;lk; (#uh. 5: 48)
Sharatun – nja;tPfr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; tho;f;if Kiw (#uh. 45: 18)

\upah rl;lKk; flTspd; Ml;rpAk;

flTspd; Ml;rp (Theocracy) vd;gJ Njrj;jpd; jiytuhf flTs; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLtJ MFk;. mtuJ rl;lq;fs; Njrj;jpd; r%f> Md;kPf> nghUshjhu tho;tpy; MSif nra;Ak;>
,];yhKk; mijg; ghh;j;J> a+j ehl;Lr; rl;lj;ij XusT jOtp mijg; NghyNt \hpah rl;lj;ijAk; flTspd; rl;lk; vdf; $WfpwJ.
my;yh`; \hpah rl;lk; %ykhf cyif Ms Ntz;Lk;. kw;w rl;l Kiwikfs; ,q;Nf mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.cjh: \hpah rl;lk; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpw rTjp mNugpahtpy; kw;w kjq;fSf;F mq;fPfhuKk; mDkjpAkpy;iy.
\hpahtpd; %ykhf jhd; ,];yhk; cyfnkq;Fk; gutpdJ. rpy ,];yhkpa mbg;gilthjpfs; jPtputhjk; %ykhf \hpah rl;lj;ij cynfq;Fk; nfhz;L te;J cyif ,];yhkpa kakhf;fp mjd; %ykhf ,];yhk; $Wk; flTspd; Ml;rpia nfhz;;L tu Kidg;G fhl;Lfd;wdh;.
kpjthj ,];yhkpah; jq;fs; tl;lq;fspy; FLk;g kw;Wk; Md;kPf tho;tpy; \hpah rl;lg;gb tho;e;J jq;fs; tho;tpy; flTspd; Ml;rp mika Ntz;Lk; vd nray;gLfpd;wdh;.

\upah rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gil

\upah rl;lj;jpw;F Kjy; jukhd kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; jukhd mbg;gilfs; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

Kjy; jukhd mbg;gilfs;

Fuhd;
`jP];fs;

,uz;lhk; jukhd mbg;gilfs;

Fuhd; kw;Wk; `jP;;];fspy; $wg;glhj fhupaq;fSf;F ,itfisNa mbg;gilahf itj;J tpjpfis kdpju;fs; tFg;gJ – /gpf; (Figh) vdg;gLk;.
Rd;dp gpuptpy; /gpf; rl;lj;jpy; ehd;F tpjkhd fUj;Njhl;lq;fSk; \pah gpuptpy; ,uz;L tpjkhd fUj;Njhl;lq;fSk; cz;L.
,itfspy; xj;jf; fUj;J Vw;Fk; fhupaq;fis ,[;kh (Ijma) vd;gu;. ,tw;Ws;

Kjy; jiyKiw ,];yhkpaUf;Fs; Vw;gl;l xw;Wik
Kjy; %d;W jiyKiw ,];yhkpaUf;Fs; Vw;gl;l xw;Wik
,];yhkpa rl;l ty;Yeh;fs; kw;Wk; gz;bjh;fSf;Fs; Vw;gl;Ls;s xw;Wik
,];yhkpau; midtUf;Fs;Sk; Vw;gl;Ls;s xw;Wik

vd tifg;gLj;Jtu;.

\upah rl;lj;ij Vw;gLj;JtJ kw;Wk; mKy;gLj;Jjpy; ,khk; kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa Ml;rpahsu;fSf;F Kf;fpag; gq;F cz;L.

8.5 \upah rl;lj;jpd; fPo; tUk; nray;fs;.

Rj;jpfupg;G
n[gk;
,Wjp Cu;ty n[gk;
jhd ju;kk;
cgthrk;
Gdpjg; gazk;
tu;j;jfk;
Rje;jupj;jy;
jpUkzk;
gyjhu kzk;
tpthfuj;J
Foe;ijfs; rhu;e;j fhupaq;fs;
rl;l kw;Wk; ePjpkd;w eilKiwfs;
mguhjk;
,];yhik tpl;L ntspNaWjy;/JNuhfk;
czT
kJghdk;> rPl;lhLjy;
gof;f tof;fq;fs;
cliyg; NgZjy;
rlq;Ffs;
cil cLj;Jjy; Nghd;wit

8.6. \upah rl;lj;jpd; cl;gpupTfs;

\upah rl;lj;jpy; ehd;F cl;gpupTfs; cz;L. mitahtd:

fl;lhakhdJ (Fard)

jpdrup Ie;J n[gq;fs;> cgthrk;> tpRthr mwpf;if. tup> `[;

gupe;Jiuf;fg;gLtJ (Mustahabb) – jpUkzk;> <kr;rlqFfs;> FLk;g tho;T
eL epiy (Mubah) – tpthf uj;J
gupe;Jiuf;fg;glhjit (Makruh) – “No sinful of itself”
jil nra;ag;gl;lit (Haraam) – ,];yhkpd;gb Fw;wk; kw;Wk; ghtkhff; fUjg;gLgit ahTk;.

8.7 \upah rl;lj;jpw;Fk; NkhNrapd; rl;lj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapYs;s tpj;jpahrq;fs;

\upah rl;lj;jpd; %ykhf tUfpw rpy jz;lidfs; kw;Wk; nray;fs; nfhLikahdit. ,jw;F kWnkhopahf ,];;yhkpau;fs;> NkhNrapd; rl;lKk; $l \upah rl;lj;ijg; Nghy nfhLikahd jz;lidfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd jq;fis epahag;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. ehk; ,q;Nf ,t;;tpuz;L rl;lq;fSf;F ,ilNa cs;s tpj;jpahrq;fisg; ghu;g;Nghk;. mjw;F Kd;ghf ,t;tpuz;L rl;lq;fSf;Fk; ,ilNaAs;s xw;Wikiag; ghu;g;Nghk;.

\upah rl;lkhdJ my;yh`;tpd; %ykhf K`k;kJ ngw;wjhf Fuhd; $WfpwJ (#uh. 45: 18) (#uh. 4: 65). mijg; NghyNt NkhNrapd; rl;lKk; flTshy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l 613 fl;lisfspd; njhFg;ghFk;.
,t;t;pU rl;lq;fspYk; rpy fhupaq;fSf;F xNu jz;lidfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd (cjh) tpgr;rhu ghtj;jpw;F fy;nywpe;J nfhy;Yk; jz;lid
K`k;kJ kjPdhtpy; mNef A+ju;fSld; gof;fk; itj;jpUe;jhu;. jd;id A+j jPu;f;fjuprpfspd; njhlu;r;rpahff; fUjpdhu;. mjdhy; ,t;nthw;Wikfs; te;jd.

Mdhy; ,e;j xw;Wikfis tpl tpj;jpahrq;fs; kpfTk; mjpfkhdJ.

8.7.1 NkHNrapd; rl;lk; – kPl;gpw;Fg;gpd; nfhLf;fg; gl;lJ

NkhNrapd; rl;lKk; \upah rl;;lKk; ntt;NtW fhyq;fspy; ntt;NtW ,lq;fspy; ntt;NtW #o;epiyapy; kw;Wk; ntt;NtW nkhopfspy; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. gioa Vw;ghl;by;> NkhNrapd; rl;lj;ij flTs; ,];uNtyiu vfpg;jpd; mbikj;jdj;jpdpd;W tpLtpj;j gpd; rl;lk; nfhLj;jhu;. ,g;gbnay;yhk; nra;jhy; jhd; tpLtpg;Ngd; vdf; $wtpy;iy. tpLtpj;j gpd; rl;lk; nfhLj;jhu;.

Mdhy; my;yh`;tpd; \upah rl;lkhdJ> my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisf;Ff; fPo;g;gbjYf;Fg; gpd;jhd; mtuplkpUe;J md;Gk; kPl;Gk; fpilf;Fk; vd $WfpwJ.(#uh.2:190@ 2: 276@ 3: 32@ 3: 57@ 4: 36@ 7: 31@ 8: 58@ 28: 77@ 57: 23)

8.7.2 NkhNrapd; rl;lk; – mw;Gj milahsq;fNshL te;jJ

NkhNrapd; rl;lkhdJ fw;gidfNshL khj;jpuk; tutpy;iy. mw;Gj milahsq;fNshL te;jJ. NkhNrapd; rl;lk; nfhLf;fg;gLk; Kd;Dk;> nfhLf;fg;gLk;NghJk;> nfhLf;fg;gl;l gpwFk; mw;Gj milahsq;fs; eilngw;wJ. (vfpg;jpd; 10 thijfs;> nrq;fliyg; gpsj;jy;;> ghiwapypUe;J jz;zPu;> thdj;jpypUe;J kd;dh nghopjy; Nghd;wit)

Mdhy; Fuhdpd; rl;lk; nfhLf;fg;gLk; NghJ ve;j mw;Gj milahsq;fSk; eilngwtpy;iy. FuhNd kpfg; ngupa milahskhff; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ (#uh. 10:20@ 13:7@ 29:50-51)

8.7.3. NkhNrapd; rl;lk; vy;NyhiuAk; rkkhfg; ghtpf;fpwJ

NkhNrapd; rl;lkhdJ A+ju;fs; jq;fs; mayhiuAk; jq;fisg; Nghy Nerpf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; $WfpwJ (Nytp. 19: 18@ Nytp. 19: 33-34).

,jw;Fg; gpd; 2000 Mz;Lfs; fopj;J te;j FuhdhdJ mayhiu vjpu;kiwahf elj;JfpwJ. my;yh`; A+ju;fisAk; fpwp];jtu;fisAk; tpf;fpuf Muhjidf;fhuiuAk;; rpU\;bfspNyNa Nkhrkhdtu;fs; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu; (#uh. 98: 6) NkYk; ghu;f;f- 48: 29 kw;Wk; 3: 110.

8.7.4 NkhNrapd; rl;lk; KO cyfj;Jf;Fk; nfhLf;fg; gltpy;iy

ahj;.23: 3 y; flTs; ,];uNtyupd; Njr vy;iffisf; $Wfpwhu;. ,e;j vy;iff;Fs; tho;gtupd; kPJ ,r;rl;lk; nry;YgbahFk;. kl;Lky;y> A+ju;fs; A+ju; my;yhNjhuplk; NkhNrapd; rl;lj;ij jpzpf;ff; fl;lis ngwtpy;iy.

khwhf> \upah rl;lkhdJ cyfk; KOikf;Fk; jpzpf;f Kaw;rpf;fg;gLfpwJ. cyif vg;gbahfpYk; \upahtpd; fPo; nfhz;L tUjy; Ntz;Lk; vd Kaw;rpf;fpwhh;fs;. (#uh. 9: 33).

8.7.5 NkhNrapd; rl;lk; KOikahdJ my;y

ehk; Vw;fdNt ghu;j;jJ Nghy NkhNrapd; rl;lk; ,];uNyUf;fhdJ. flTs; A+ju;fsplNk KO cyfj;Jf;Fk; nghUe;jf; $ba Gjpa cld;gbf;if tUfpwJ vd Kd;dwptpj;jhu; (vNukpah 31: 31-32). ,J Nkrpahthfpa ,NaR fpwp];J topaha; KO cyfj;Jf;Fk; MrPu;thjkhf mikAk;; (Vrhah. 42: 6). mJ ,NaRtpy; epiwNtwpaJ (kj. 26: 26-28).

Mdhy; \upah rl;lj;jpw;F khwhf Gjpa rl;lk; tug; Nghjpy;iy (#uh.33;:40). MdgbapdhNy ,];yhkpy; eilngw;W tUk; nfhba jz;lidfs; kw;Wk; nray;fs; khw;wg;glyhfhJ vd $Wfpd;wdh;.

,jd; %ykhf NkhNrapd; rl;lKk; \upah rl;lKk; xd;Nw vd;fpw ,];yhkpaupd; thjk; jtwhdJ vd;W ep&gzkhfpwJ.

8.8 \upah rl;lKk; fpwp];jtu;fSk;

,];yhkpau; cyif %d;W gFjpfshfg; gpupf;fpd;wdu;.

,];yhkpa ehLfs; (dar al – islam)

,e;ehLfspy; murhq;fk; ,];yhkpakhf ,Ug;gjhy; \upah rl;lk; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ.

rkhjhd ehLfs; (dar al – sulh)

,e;ehLfspy; ,];yhkpau; rpWghd;ikapduhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtu;fs; rkhjhdkhf jq;fs; kjj;ijg; gpd;gw;w kw;Wk; gug;g cupik cs;s ehLfs; (,e;jpah> Mg;gpupf;fh Nghd;wit)

Aj;j ehLfs; (dar al – harb)

Nkw;fz;l ,U gFjpfspYk; tuhj ehLfs;; [pfhj; (Jihad) %ykhf ,];yhk; kakhf;fp \upah rl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L tUtjw;F Kaw;rpfs; eilngWfpwJ.

\upah rl;lkhdJ iggpspd; cgNjrj;jpw;F Kuz;gLfpwJ. NkYk; fpwp];jtk; nfhz;L te;j Rje;jpuj;ij khw;wp mbikj;jdg;gLj;j KaYfpwJ. Mifahy;> ,jw;fhf fpwp];jth;fs; mjpfkhf n[gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;> ,ijf; Fwpj;j tpopg;Gzh;it rigfspy; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

ghlk; 09

fpwp];jtj;jpw;Fk; ,];yhkpw;Fk; ,ilNa fhzg;gLk; tpj;jpahrq;fs;

9.1 fpwp];jtj;jpw;Fk; ,];yhKf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s xw;Wikfs;

9.2 fpwp];jtj;jpw;Fk; ,];yhKf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s VO gpujhdkhd tpj;jpahrq;fs;.

9.2.1 jpupj;Jtk;

9.2.2 ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfk;

9.2.3 Njtdpd; khk;r ntspg;ghL

9.2.4 ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; rpYit kuzKk; capu;j;njOjYk;

9.2.5 iggpspd; cz;ikj; jd;ik

9.2.6 ,ul;rpg;G

9.2.7 NjtNdhL If;fpak;

9.3 ,NaR fpwp];Jf;Fk; K`k;kJTf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s tpj;jpahrq;fs;

9.4 ahNtf;Fk; my;yh`;Tf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s tpj;jpahrq;fs;

9.5 ghtKk; ,ul;rpg;Gk; – tpj;jpahrq;fs;

9.6 guNyhfKk; eufKk; – tpj;jpahrq;fs;

ehk; fle;j ghlj;jpy; ,];yhkpaupd; mbg;gilr; rl;lkhfpa \upah rl;lj;ijf Fwpj;Jg; ghu;itapl;Nlhk; ,e;jg; ghlj;jpy; ,];yhKf;Fk; fpwp];jtj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s Kf;fpakhd tpj;jpahrq;fisf; Fwpj;Jf; fw;Wf; nfhs;stpUf;fpNwhk;.

9.1 fpwp];jtj;jpw;Fk; ,];yhkpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s xw;Wikfs;

fpwp];jtj;jpw;Fk; ,];yhkpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s tpj;jpahrq;fisf; Fwpj;Jg; gbg;gjw;F Kd;ghf> ,uz;bw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s xw;Wikfis mwpe;J itj;jpUj;jy; eykhFk;. mitahtd>

flTs; xUtNu
mNef gioa> Gjpa Vw;ghl;Lr; rk;gtq;fs; kw;Wk; fjhg;ghj;jpuq;fs; Fuhdpy;
tpRthrpfspd; jfg;gd; Mgpufhk;
,];uNtyu; nrq;fliyf; fle;jhu;fs;
gj;Jf; fl;lisfs;
,NaRtpd; fd;dpg; gpwg;G
,NaRtpd; ghtkpy;yh tho;f;if
,NaRtpd; mw;Gjq;fs;

,g;gbr; rpy xw;Wikfs; ,Ue;jhYk; Ntw;WikfNs mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

9.2 fpwp];jtj;jpw;Fk; ,];yhKf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s gpujhdkhd VO tpj;jpahrq;fs;.

9.2.1 jpupj;Jtk;

,];yhk; jpupj;Jtj;ij epuhfupf;fpwJ. my;yh`; Vfj;Jtkhdtu;> jpupNafkhdtuy;y. iggpspd; ,iwapaypd;gb> jpupj;Jtk; vd;gJ> gpjh> Fkhud;> gupRj;jhtpahdtuhfpa %d;W egu;fs; xNu nja;tj; jd;ikNahNl fhzg;gLfpwhu;fs;@ %d;W flTs;fshf my;y. Mdhy; gpjhTf;Fk; kupahSf;Fk; gpwe;jtu; ,NaR vd;Wk; ,JNt jpupj;Jtk; vdj; jphpj;Jtj;ij jtwhfg; Gupe;J nfhz;L> ,];yhk; jpupj;Jtj;ijf; Fw;wk; rhl;LfpwJ. NkYk; my;yh`; ahUlDk; If;fpag;gl khl;lhu;. khwhf jpupNaf Njtd; jkf;Fs;NsAk; kdpjUlDk; If;fpag;glf; $batuhff; fhzg;gLfpwhu;.

9.2.2 ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfk;

,uz;lhtJ tpj;jpahrk; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfk; gw;wpajhFk;. ,];yhkpau; ,NaR fpwp];Jitf; Fwpj;J mNef ey;y fhupaq;fisf; $Wfpd;wdu;. mtu; jPu;f;fj;juprpnad;Wk;;> my;yh`;tpd; Mtp;nad;Wk;> thu;j;ijnad;Wk;@ ghtkpy;yhjtu; vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; mtuJ nja;tPfj; jd;ikia kWjypf;fpd;wdh;. iggpNsh mtuJ nja;tPfj; jd;ikf;F rhd;wspf;fpwJ. Njtdhdtiu mijtplf; Fiwj;Jg; NgRtJ ghtkhFk;.

9.2.3. Njtdpd; khkpr ntspg;ghL

%d;whtJ tpj;jpahrk; Njtd; khk;rj;jpy; ntspg;gl;lJ gw;wpajhFk;. ,];yhkpd; gb flTs; kdpjdhf tu KbahJ. iggpsp;d; gb> Fkhudhfpa Njtd; jkJ nja;tPfj;NjhL kD\Pfj;ij ,izj;Jf; nfhz;L ntspg;gl;lhu; (1jPNkh. 3:16). ,];yhkpau;fs; ,ijr; rupahfg; Gupe;J nfhs;shky; ,NaR flTshdhy; vg;gb mtUf;Fg; grp> fisg;G> jhfk;> J}f;fk; kw;Wk; kuzk; tUk; vdf; Nfl;fpd;wdu;. ,NaRtplk; fhzg;gLk; nja;tPf> kD\Pf jd;ikfisAk; mtuJ Kjyhk; tUifapy; mbikapd; &gj;jpy; mtu; epiwNtw;wpd Copaj;ijAk; iggpspd;gb mwpe;jhy; vy;yhk; njspthfptpLk;.

9.2.4 ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; rpYit kuzKk; capu;j;njOjYk;

ehd;fhtJ tpj;jpahrk; ,NaRtpd; rpYit kuzk; kw;Wk; capu;j;njOjy; gw;wpajhFk;. ,];yhkpah;> ,NaR fpwp];J rpYit kuzj;jpw;F xg;Gf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lhYk; mtu; rpYitapy; kupf;ftpy;iy vd ek;Gfpd;wdu;. my;yh`; ,NaTf;F gjpyhf NtnwhUtiu rpYitapy; miwa itj;J> ,NaRitNah jd;dplkhf cau;j;jpf; nfhz;lhu; vd ek;Gfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; iggpspd;gb ,NaR Njthf;f;paq;fspd;gb ekJ ghtq;fSf;fhf kupj;J> mlf;fk;gz;zg;gl;L> %d;whk; ehspy; capu;j;njOe;jhu; (1nfhup.15:1-4). ,NaRtpd; rpYit kuzk; kw;Wk; capu;j;njOjy; fpwp];jtj;jpd; m];jpghukhFk;. ,jw;F ,];yhkpy; ,lkpy;iy.

9.2.5 iggpspd; cz;ikj; jd;ik

Ie;jhtJ tpj;jpahrk;> iggpspd; cz;ikj;jd;ik gw;wpajhFk;. ,];yhkhdJ> iggps; flTshy; nfhLf;fg; gl;ljhapUe;jhYk; mJ fiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L> khw;wg;gl;lJ vd;Wk;. mjd; gpd;du; khw;w Kbahj ,Wjp Ntjkhf Fuhid my;yh`; nfhLj;jhu; vd;Wk; $WfpwJ. Mdhy; iggpNs flTspd; ,Wjpahd thu;j;ijahFk;. (ntsp 22:18-19) kl;Lky;y> iggpspd; cz;ikj; jd;ikf;F iggpSf;F cs;NsAk; ntspNaAk; mNef rhd;Wfs; cs;sd.

9.2.6 ,ul;rpg;G

MwhtJ tpj;jpahrk; ,ul;rpg;G gw;wpajhFk;. ,];yhkpd; gb ,ul;rpg;ghdJ fpupiafspdhy; tUfpwJ. ,];yhkpd;gb xt;nthUtUf;Fk; ,U J}ju;fs; cz;L (#uh.50: 17>18;;;;; 82:10-12). mtu;fs; xt;nthUtupd; ew;fpupiafs; kw;Wk; Ju;f;fpupiafisg; gjpT nra;thu;fs;. Ju;f;fpupiafis tpl ew;fpupiafs; mjpfkhf te;jhy; guNyhfKk;> vjpu;kiwahf te;jhy; eufKk; fpilf;Fk;. Mdhy; iggpspd;gb> ,ul;rpg;G caph;j;njOe;j ,NaRtpd; NkYs;s tpRthrj;jhy; kl;LNk tUfpwJ. (vNg.2:8> 9).

9.2.7 NjtNdhL If;fpak;

VohtJ tpj;jpahrk;> NjtNdhL cs;s If;fpak; gw;wpajhFk;. ,];yhkpd; gb> flTs; jd;id kdpju;fSf;F ntspg;gLj;j KbahJ. khwhf> jdJ rpj;jj;ij kl;LNk nspg;gLj;j KbAk;. Mifahy; xUtu; NjtDila gps;isahfNth> NjtDila uh[;[paj;jpy; mq;fj;jpduhfNth KbahJ. Mdhy; iggpspd;gb> ,NaR fpwp];Jit tpRthrpj;J Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sgtu;fs; NjtDila guNyhf FLk;gj;jpy; mq;fj;jpdu;fshfpwhu;fs; (Nahthd;.1:12). ekf;F NjtNdhL jdpg;gl;l If;fpak; cz;L. ,];yhkpNyh Njtdpd; rpj;jj;ij nra;tNjhL epd;W tpl Ntz;Lk;.

9.3 ,NaR fpwp];JTf;Fk; K`k;kJTf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s tpj;jpahrq;fs;

,NaR	K`k;kJ
epj;jpakhfNt ,Uf;fpwhu; (Nahthd;. 1:1). rfyKk; mtu; %ykha; cz;lhapw;W (nfhNyhNrau;. 1:17). mtuJ khkp;r ntspg;ghL Kd;dwptpf;fg;gl;lJ (Vrhah. 7:1-4@ kj;.1:23).	gpwg;igf; Fwpj;J ve;j Kd;dwptpg;Gk; ,y;iy.
flTs; vd;W $wg;gl;bUf;fpwhh; (Nah.1:20@ Nah.8:24> 58@ nfhNyh.2:9)	kdpjd; kl;LNk
Gpjhtpdhy; gfypy; Copa miog;igg; ngw;wtu; (kj;.3:17)	jdpikahf FifapNy ,Uspy; fhgpupNay; %yk; miog;igg; ngw;wjhff; $wpdhu;.
miog;gpw;Fg; gpd; 40 ehs; tdhe;juj;jpy; Nrhjpf;fg;gl;L> gpd; ngyj;NjhL jpUk;gp Copak; nra;jhu; (khw;F.1:14-15)	miog;gpw;Fg; gpd; gprhR gpbj;jJ vdg; gae;J jw;nfhiyf;Fg; Kad;whu; (Ibn Ishaq, p 106; Al Tabari, Volume VI, p 68; Sahih al Bukhari 6982)
Nkrpahtpd; KjyhtJ tUiff;fhd vy;yhj; jPu;f;fjuprdq;fisAk; epiwNtw;wpdhu; (Y}f;.24:26-27).	ve;jj; jPu;f;fj;juprdq;fisAk; epiwNtw;w tpy;iy.
gupG+uzkhdth;> gupRj;ju;> ghtkpy;yhj tho;f;if tho;e;jhu; (Nah.8:48)	jhd; ghtp vd;gij xj;Jf; nfhz;lhu; (18:110)
kdpjUf;Fs;spUg;gij mwpe;jpUe;jhu; (Y}f;. 5:22@ 16:15@ ntsp.2:25)	kdpjUf;Fs;spUg;gij mwpa Kbatpy;iy (11:31)
fd;dpaplk; gpwe;jhu;	fd;dpaplk; gpwf;ftpy;iy
mNef mw;Gjq;fisr; nra;jhu;.	ve;j mw;GjKk; nra;atpy;iy
Aj;jk; vJTk; nra;atpy;iy	mNef Aj;jq;fisr; nra;J> mNefiuf; nfhiy nra;jhu;.
jpUkzk; nra;atpy;iy	Gjp%d;wpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l jpUkzq;fisr; nra;jhu;
kupj;J> mlf;fk; gz;zg;gl;L> %d;whk; ehspy; capu;j;njOe;jhu;	kupj;jhu;> capu;j;njotpy;iy

9.4 ahNtf;Fk; my;yh`;tpw;Fk; ,ilapYs;s rpy tpj;jpahrq;fs;

ahNt	my;yh`;
flTspd; ngau; ahNt-fu;j;ju; (ahj;.3:14).	flTspd; ngau; my;yh`;
ahNt jpupNafkhdtu; (kj;.28:19@ 2 nfhup.12:4)	my;yh`; xUtNu Vfj;Jtkhdtu;
ahNt khwhjtu; (ahj;.1:17)	khWthu; (2:106)
khk;rj;jpy; ntspg;gl;lhh;.	khk;rj;jpy; ntspg;gl KbahJ.

9.5 ghtKk; ,ul;rpg;Gk; – tpj;jpahrq;fs;

iggps;	Fuhd;
Xt;nthU kdpjDk; ghtpahfg; gpwe;jhd; (Nuhku;. 5: 12)	kdpjd; mbg;gilapy; ghtp my;y
Ra fpupiafshy; ,ul;rpg;igg; ngw KbahJ (Vrhah.64:6)	Rafpupiafshy; ,ul;rpg;G (11:114)
,NaRit tpRthrpf;Fk; midtUf;Fk; ,ul;rpg;G (Nah.14:6@mg;.4:12)	my;yh`;tpd; ,\;lg;gbjhd; ,ul;rpg;G (2:284)
,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;rak; cz;L (Nah.10: 37-39)	,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;rak; ,y;iy

9.6 guNyhfKk; eufKk; – tpj;jpahrq;fs;

iggps;	Fuhd;
,NaRitf; Fwpj;j epiyg;ghLk; tpRthrKNk xUtupd; epj;jpaj;ij; jPu;khdpf;fpwJ (kj;.25:46@ Nah. 5: 29@ ntsp.21:11-15)	xUtupd; fpupiafNs epj;jpaj;ijj; jPu;khdpf;fpwJ (5:9@ 8:29@ 42:26)
guNyhfpy; jpupNaf NjtNdhL epj;jpakhd re;Njh\khd tho;T (kj;.19:14@ 2 nfhup.5:1@ gpyp.3:20)	guNyhfpy; kJghdk;> ghly; kw;Wk; fd;dpg; ngz;fs; cz;L (3:195). ,itfs; ,Ug;gpd; kWgbAk; ghtKk; tPo;r;rpAk; cz;lhFk;.

ghlk; 10

,];yhKf;Ff; fpwp];jtj;jpd; gjpy;

10.1 ,];yhkpaupd; Kf;fpakhd Nfs;tpfSk; gjpy;fSk;

10.1.1 iggps; khw;wg;gl;lJ

10.1.2 iggpspy; K`k;kJ

10.1.3 fpwp];jtu;fSf;F %d;W flTs;fs;

10.1.4 gpuhar;rpj;jk; rhj;jpakpy;iy

10.1.5 ,NaR rpYitapy; miwag;gltpy;iy

10.1.6 Fuhdpy; tpQ;Qhdk;

10.1.7 fpwp];jtj;jpy; mepahak; elf;fpwJ

10.2 Fuhdpy; fhzg;gLk; Kuz;ghLfs;

10.3 fpwp];jtu;fspd; flik

ehk; fle;j xd;gJ ghlq;fspYk; ,];yhikf; Fwpj;J iggps;/fpwp];jtf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ghu;itapl;Nlhk;. ,e;j ,Wjpg; ghlj;jpy;> ,];yhkpau; fpwp];jtu;fsplj;jpy; Nfl;Fk; nghJthd Nfs;tpfisAk;> xU fpwp];jtuhf ekf;Fs;s flikfs; vd;d vd;gijAk; ghu;itapl ,Uf;fpNwhk;.

10.1 ,];yhkpaupd; Kf;fpakhd Nfs;tpfSk; gjpy;fSk;

,];yhkpau; fpwp];jtu;fsplk; NgRk;NghJ> fpwp];jtj;jpw;F vjpuhd mNeff; Nfs;tpfis Kd;itf;fpd;wdu;. mjpNy Kf;fpakhd VO Nfs;tpfisAk; mjw;fhd iggps; mbg;gilapyhd gjpy;fisAk; ,g;NghJ ghu;g;Nghk;.

10.1.1 iggps; khw;wg;gl;lJ

,];yhkpau; K`k;kJ vd;Dk; xU egupd; nra;jpahfpa Fuhd; jhd; KOikahdJ vd;Wk;> 40 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;Nlhu; %ykhf 1500 Mz;Lfhy ,ilntspapy; vOjg;gl;l iggpspy; ,ilr;nrhUfy;fSk; khw;wq;fSk; nra;ag;gl;lJ vd;W thjhLfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; iggps; khw;wg;glyhfhJ vd;gijg; gbf;ftpUf;fpNwhk;.

nrhy;yg; Nghdhy; FuhNd iggps; flTspd; thu;j;ij vd;Wk;> mJ khw;wg;glyhfhJ vd;Wk; $WfpwJ. ghu;f;f #uh. 5:44> 46> 68> 4: 136@ 15:9@ 6:34@ 10:16.

mg;gbahdhy; iggps; fiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ> K`k;kJTf;F Kd;gjhfth gpd;gjhfth? K`k;kJTf;F Kd;ghfj; jhd; iggps; khw;wg;gl;bUf;Fnkd;why;> Vd; my;yh`; K`k;kJtplk; NjhuhitAk; RtpNr\q;fisAk; MNyhridf;fhfg; ghu;f;FkhW $wNtz;Lk;? ,d;iwa vy;yh iggps; jpUg;Gjy;fSk; K`k;kJtpd; fhyj;jpw;F Ke;ija %yg;gpujpfis ikakhff; nfhz;lit.

iggpspd; %yg;gpujpfis jpUj;jp khw;wpaJ ahu;? A+ju;fsh? fpwp];jtu;fsh? ,t;tpU rhuhUf;Fk; xw;Wik ,y;iynad;whYk;> ,e;j ,U $l;lj;jhUk; Ntjj;ij thrpf;ff; $batu;fs; vdf; Fuhd; $WfpwJ (2:113@ 5:82). fpwp];jtu;fs; gioa Vw;ghl;ilAk;> A+ju;fs; Gjpa Vw;ghl;ilAk; khw;wpdhu;fs; vd;whYk;> md;W fhzg;gl;l Mapuf;fzf;fhd gpujpfisAk; xt;nthd;whf khw;wpdhu;fsh? mg;gb khw;wpapUe;jpUg;ghu;fs; vd;why; iggpspy; rpy gFjpfis khw;wpapUf;fyhNk! c.jh: NgJU ,NaRit kWjypj;jJ (kj;.26:69-75). gTy; kw;Wk; gu;dgh ,ilNaAs;s thf;Fthjk; (mg;.15:39) Nghd;wit. vd;whYk; Fuhd; 2:42 ia itj;J jtwhf thjpLfpd;wdu;.

NkYk;> iggps; flTspd; khwhj kw;Wk; ,Wjpahd thu;j;ij vd;w Ra rhl;rpiaf; nfhLf;fpwJ. 2 jPNkh.3:16@ Nah.1:17; Nah.10:35@6:63> 68. ntsp.22:18-19 y; iggpNshL $l;lNth Fiwf;fNth khw;wNth vz;zq; nfhs;gtu;fSf;F tpNuhjkhd vr;rupg;Gk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

10.1.2 iggpspy; K`k;kJ

iggps; khw;wg;gl;lJ vd;W $Wfpw mNj ,];yhkpaNu iggpspy; K`k;kJitf; Fwpj;J Kd;dwptpf;;fg;gl;Ls;sjhff; $Wfpd;wdu;. ,JNt Ra Kuz;ghlhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

#uh.61:6 y; ,NaR> mfkJ vd;fpw xUtu; mtUf;Fg; gpd; tUthu; vd;W Kd;dwptpj;jjhff; $WfpwJ. ,g;gb iggpspy; ve;j trdKk; ,y;iy. clNd ,];yhkpau; Nahthd;. 14:6 y; ,J cs;sjhfTk;> mjpy; tUfpw fpNuf;fg; gjkhfpa ghuhfpspNlh]; (Paracletos – mUfpy; ,Ug;gtu;) f;Fg; gjpyhf ngupf;iyNlh]; (Periklytos – Nghw;WjYf;F cupatu;) jhd; tuNtz;Lk; vdTk; $Wfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; iggpspd; ve;jg; gpujpfspYk;; Periklytos vd;w gjk; tuNtapy;iy. Paraclete K`k;kJit my;y gupRj;jhtpahdtiu Kd;dwptpg;gjhFk;. Vndd;why; mtu; rP\u;fNshL vd;nwd;Wk; ,Ug;ghu; (Nah.14:16)> mth; rj;jpa Mtpahdtu; (trdk;.17). ,NaR Nghjpj;jitfis fpwp];;jtu;fSf;F epidg;G+l;Lthu; (trdk;26). ,J K`k;kJTf;Fg; nghUe;jhJ.

NkYk; ,];yhkpau; cghfkk; 33:2 iaAk;> Mg$f;. 3:3 iaAk; xg;gpl;L> K`k;kJ ghuhhdpypUe;J tUthu; vd;W Kd;dwptpf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ vdf; $Wfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; ,t;trdq;fs; flTisf; Fwpf;fpwJ. ghuhhd; nkf;fh vd;Wk;> Njkhd; kjPdh vd;Wk; ,];;yhkpau; $Wfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; nkf;fhtpypUe;J ghuhhd; 1000 fp.kP. njhiytpy; cs;sJ (ghu;f;f: cgh.1:1@ vz;.13).

NkYk; ,];yhkpau; cghfkk; 18:15 ia mbg;gilahf itj;J> ,t;trdk; K`k;kJtpd; tUifia Kd;dwptpf;fpwJ vd;W $Wfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; ,t;trdk; ,NaRtpy; epiwNtwpaJ vd; mg;.3:22 $WfpwJ. kl;Lky;y> NkhNriag; Nghd;w jPu;f;fj;juprpahdtu; ,];uNtypd; rNfhjuu; eLtpypUe;J vOk;Gthu; vdf; $wg;glLs;sJ. (,J ,];kNtypd; top te;jjhf ,];yhkpah; $wpf; nfhs;Sk; K`k;kJtpw;Fg; nghUe;jhJ. ghu;f;f: Mjp.16:12@17:11).

10.1.3 fpwp];jtu;fSf;F %d;W flTs;fs; kw;Wk; flTSf;F kfs; fpilahJ.

,];;yhkpaUf;F xU kpfg;ngUk; ,lWjypd; fy;yhf ,Ug;gJ jpupj;JtkhFk;. kl;Lky;y> ,];yhkpau; jpupj;Jtj;ij gpjh> ,NaR> kupahs; vd;Wk;> ,NaR gpjhTf;Fk; kupahSf;Fk; gpwe;jtu; vdTk; iggpspy; $wg;gl;Ls;sjhf jtwhfg; Gupe;J nfhz;Ls;sdu; (ghu;f;f: #uh.5:116@ 6:101@ 5:17@ 4:171).

,];yhkpau; Fw;wk; rhl;LtJ Nghy> flTs; jpUkzk; nra;J Fkhuidg; ngw;nwLf;ftpy;iy. khwhf> ,NaR gpjhtpd; jd;ik nghUe;jpdtuhf Fkhud; vd;fpw epj;jpa cwtpy; cs;shu;. mijg; NghyNt fpwp];jtu;fSf;F %d;W flTs;fs; fpilahJ. xNu flTs; gpjh> Fkhud;> gupRj;j Mtpahdtu; vd %d;W egh;j;Jtq;fshf epj;jpakhf cs;shu;.

10.1.4 gpuhar;rpj;jk; rhj;jpakpy;iy

,];yhkpd;gb ghtk; nra;jhy; my;yh`;tplk; kd;dpg;Gf; Nfhu Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; ew;fpupiafs; Ju;f;fpupiafis khw;Wk; (11:114). flTs; uh[hjp uh[hthapUf;fpwhu;. mtuJ mbikfs; ghtk; nra;tJ mtiuf; fdtPdk; nra;tjhFk;.

Mdhy; iggpspd;gb> ew;fpupiafs; Ju;f;fpupiafis khw;wptplhJ (Vrhah.64:6). Xt;nthU kD\Dk; ghtp (Nuhku;.3:23). ghtj;jpd; rk;gsk; kuzk; (Nuh.6:23@ vNr.18:14). Mifahy; kdpjd; Rafpupiashy; guNyhfk; NghfKbahJ. ,q;Nf jhd; gpuhar; rpj;jk; Njitg;gLfpwJ. ,jw;F ,uj;jk; rpe;Jjy; NjitahdJ (Nytp.17:10@ vgp.9:22). mope;J Nghff; $baitfspd; ,uj;jj;jhy; kPl;G ,y;iy (vgp.9:9@10:1>3). Mdhy; khk;rj;jpy; ntspg;gl;l Njtdpd; ,uj;jj;jhy; ghtkd;dpg;G cz;L. (Nah.1:29@ 1 Nah.1:7). ,];yhkpau; ,ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shtpl;lhYk;> FuhdpypUe;Nj ,uz;L fhupaq;fis ehk; fhz;gpf;f KbAk;. KjyhtJ MNgypd; gyp Vw;fg;gl;:lJ. vd #uh.5:27 $WfpwJ. ,uz;lhtJ #uh.37:101-108 y;> Kf;fpaj;Jtkpf;f gypahy; (Momentous – Al-Azzim) Mgpufhkpd; kfd; kPlfg;gl;lhd; vdf; $WfpwJ. ,e;j Al-Azzim vd;gJ ,];yhkpy; flTspd; 99 ngau;fspy; xd;whFk;. gpuhar;rpj;jk; Njitapy;iynad;why;> MNgypd; gypAk; Mgpufhkpd; gypAk; Vd; flTSf;Ff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw Nfs;tp vOk;GfpwJ.

10.1.5 ,NaR rpYitapy; miwag;gltpy;iy

,NaR rpYitapy; miwag;gltpy;iy vd;fpw ,];yhkpaupd; $w;whdJ> ,NaR cyfpw;F te;j Nehf;fj;ijNa kWjypg;gjhFk;. ,NaR rpYitapy; miwag;gltpy;iynad;gjw;F Mjhukhf mtu;fs; #uh. 4:157 iaf; $Wfpd;wdu;.

Mdhy; ,NaR rpYiapy; miwag;gl;L kupj;J mlf;fk; gz;zg;gl;L capu;j;njOe;jhu; vd;gjw;F ehd;F RtpNr\q;fSk; rhl;rpahf cs;sd – kj;.27:65@ khw;.15;:37@ Nah.19:33@ kj;.28:5>7).

ntspg;Gw Mjhuq;fs;

lhf;ba]pd; rhl;rp (Tacticus)
fpNuf;fdhfpa Y}rpadpd; rhl;rp (Lucian the Greek)
nghe;jpA gpyhj;Jtpd; elgbfs; (Justin Martyr’s referring to Acts of Pontius Pilate)
Nahrpghrpd; rhl;rp (Josephus)
ghgpNyhdpa jhy;%j; (Babylonian Talmud)
fu;j;jUila ge;jp (1 nfhup.11:23)

,NaR rpYitapy; miwag;gltpy;iy vd;why;:

,NaRTf;Fg; gjpyhf rpYitapy; miwag;gl;lJ ahu;? (A+jhrhf ,Uf;f KbahJ – mtd; jw;nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhd;.)
my;yh`; NtnwhU mg;ghtpia rpyitapy; miwAk;gb itj;jhuh?
mg;gbnad;why; me;j mg;ghtp my;yh`;tplk; Kiwapltpy;iyah?
kupahs; rpYitapy; miwag;gl;ltiuj; jd; kfd; vdg; Gupe;J nfhz;lhNu? vg;gb? (Nah.19:26).
flTshy; Vtg;gl;L ,NaRit gpd;gw;wpa rP\iu my;yh`; tQ;rpj;jhuh? (#uh. 5:111)
kupf;fhj xUtiu kupj;J capu;j;jhu; vd ek;g itj;J> cyfpd; kpfg; ngupa tQ;ridf;F my;yh`; fhuzuhfp tpl;lhuh?

Mdhy; Fuhdpy; rpy gFjpfs; ,NaR rpYitapy; kupj;jhu; vd;W $WtJ Nghy; cs;sJ (3:55-56@ 19:31-34). Mifahy;> ,NaR rpYitapy; kupf;ftpy;iy vd;fpw thjk; cz;ikapy;iy vd tpsq;fpwJ.

10.1.6 Fuhdpy; tpQ;Qhdk;

,];yhkpau; FuhNd flTspd; ,Wjpahd thu;j;ij vd;gjw;F Fuhdpy; cs;s tpQ;Qhdf; fUj;JfNs rhl;rp vdf; $Wfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; Fuhdpy; fhzg;gLk; tpQ;Qhd fUj;Jf;fs; K`k;kJtpd; fhyj;ija tpQ;Qhd ek;gpf;iffisNa gpujpgypg;gjhf cs;sJ.

cjhuzj;jpw;F #uh. 53:46 kw;Wk; 86: 5-7 y; kdpju;fs; KJnfYk;Gf;Fk; tpyh vYk;Gf;Fk; ,ilapypUe;J Gwg;gLfpw tpe;;jZtpd; %ykhf tUfpwhu;fs; vdf; $WfpwJ. ,ij fpNuf;f kUj;Jtu; Hippocrates K`k;kJtpd; 1000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; $wpAs;shu;. NkYk; #uh.22:5 d; gb> kdpju;fspd; cUthf;fk; tpe;jZ> ,uj;jf;fl;L> rij kw;Wk; vYk;ghy; %ba rij vd ehd;F gbfshf tUk; vdf; $WfpwJ. Mdhy; ,ij fp.gp.150 NyNa JUf;fpapd; ngu;f%tpYs;s fhnyd; vd;gth; $wpapUf;fpwhh;. Mifahy; ,J tpNr\khdjy;y.

10.1.7 fpwp];jtj;jpy; mepahak; elf;fpwJ

,J ,];yhkpau; nghJthff; $Wk; Fw;wr;rhl;lhFk;. ,jw;F gjpyhf> ,uz;L kj E}y;fisAk; rupj;jpuj;ijAk;> rkfhyj;ijAk; xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;j;jhy;> mepahak; vq;F mjpfkhf elf;fpwJ vdj; njupe;J tpLk;.

10.2. Fuhdpy; fhzg;gLk; Kuz;ghLfs;

FuhdhdJ guNyhfj;jpy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUk; G+uzkhd E}y; vdf; Fuhd; $WfpwJ (85:21-24). Mdhy; ,e;jf; Fuhdpy; Kuz;ghLfs; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mtw;wpy; rpy:

kdpjd; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vjpypUe;J?

“,uj;jf;fl;bypUe;J” (Clots of congealed blood) – 96:2

fspkz;zpypUe;J (15:26)

J}rpapypUe;J (3:;59)

Xd;Wkpy;yhikapypUe;J (19:67@ 52:35)

tp;;e;;jZtpypUe;J (16:4)

,];yhik fl;lhag;gLj;jp gug;gyhkh?

,];yhik fl;lhag;gLj;jp gpugyg;gLj;jf; $lhJ (2:256)

fl;lhag;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; (9;:3@ 9:5@ 7:29)

Kjy; ,];yhkpau; ahu;?;

K`k;kJ – 39: 12

NkHNr – 7:143

Mgpufhk; – 2: 132

tpf;fpuf Muhjidf;fhuiu my;yh`; kd;dpg;ghuh?

kd;dpg;ghu; – 4:153

kd;dpf;f khl;lhu; – 4: 48@ 4: 116

my;yh`;tpd; Miz khWkh?

khwhJ – 6:34@ 6:115

khWk; – 2:106@ 16:101

10.3 fpwp];jtu;fspd; flik

,Jtiuf;Fk; ,];yhk; kjj;ijf; Fwpj;J mNef fhupaq;fisg; gbj;j ehk;> filrpahff; fpwp];jtu;fshfpa ekJ flik vd;d vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,q;Nf fpwp];jtu;fs; nra;a Ntz;ba MW fhupaq;fisg; gl;baypLfpNwd;.

,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;rak; cilatuhapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
iggpisAk; fpwp];jt ,iwapaiyAk; rupahff; fw;wwpa Ntz;Lk;.
,];yhk; kjj;ijj; Fwpj;j njspT Ntz;Lk;.
,];yhkpaUf;fhf n[gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,];yhkpaUf;F RtpNr\j;ij mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;
,];yhkpaupd; re;Njfq;fis iggpspd; mbg;gilapy; njspTgLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

“ehq;fs; khk;rj;jpy; elf;fpwtu;fshapUe;Jk;> khk;rj;jpd;gb Nghu;nra;fpwtu;fsy;y. vq;fSila NghuhAjq;fs; khk;rj;Jf;Nfw;witfshapuhky;> muz;fis epu;%ykhf;Ffpwjw;F NjtgyKs;sitfshapUf;fpwJ. mitfshy; ehq;fs; ju;f;fq;fisAk;> Njtid mwpfpw mwpTf;F tpNuhjkha; vOk;Gfpw vy;yh Nkl;bikiaAk; epu;%ykhf;fp> ve;j vz;zj;ijAk; fpwp];JTf;Ff; fPo;g;gbar; rpiwg;gLj;Jfpwtu;fshapUf;fpNwhk;.” (2 nfhhpe;jpah; 10:3-5)

“fu;j;jUila Copaf;fhud; rz;ilgz;Zfpwtdhapuhky;> vy;yhuplj;jpYk; rhe;jKs;stDk;> Nghjfrku;j;jDk;> jPikiar; rfpf;fpwtDkhapUf;fNtz;Lk;. vjpu;NgRfpwtu;fs; rj;jpaj;ij mwpAk;gb Njtd; mtu;fSf;F kde;jpUk;Gjiy mUsj;jf;fjhfTk;> gprhrhdtDila ,r;irapd;gb nra;a mtdhy; gpbgl;bUf;fpw mtu;fs; kWgbAk; kaf;fe;njspe;J mtd; fz;zpf;F ePq;fj;jf;fjhfTk;> rhe;jkha; mtu;fSf;F cgNjrpf;fNtz;Lk;”. (2 jPNkhj;NjA 2:24-26)

jphpNaff; flTs; cq;fis MrPu;tjpg;ghuhf. Mnkd;!

tFg;gPL Nfs;tpfs;:

,];yhKf;F Ke;ija mNugpa cyfj;jf; Fwpj;J tpthpj;J vOJf?
K`k;kJtpd; Muk;gfhy tho;tpidAk; mtuJ tho;tpy; Vw;gl;l jpUg;GKidiaAk; tpthpf;f?
Fuhd; cUthd tpjjijf; Fwpj;J vOJf?
my;yh`;Tk; ahNtAk; xUtuy;y vd;gij epiyg;gLj;Jf?
,];yhkpaUf;F rj;jpaj;ij vg;gbg; Ghpa itg;gPh;fs;?

Jiz epd;w xspg;gjpTfs;:

,];yhk; (2018) – Nkhr]; uh[;. S – gj;J xspg;gjpT ghlq;fs; (gj;J kzp Neuk;)- IAS Copaq;fs; ntspaPL

Jiz epd;w E}y;fs;:

Answering Islam: The Crescent in Light of the Cross – Norman L. Geisler

No God but One: Allah or Jesus? A Former Muslim Investigates the Evidence for Islam and Christianity – Nabeel Qureshi

What Every Christian Needs to Know About the Qur’an – James White

The Islamic Invasion: Confronting the World’s Fastest Growing Religion – Robert A. Morey

Jiz epd;w tiyj;jsq;fs;;:

carm.org

gotquestions.org

answeringislam.com

acts17.net