BL - 30 Theology - Part - IV
CHRISTIAN ACADEMY FOR LEADERSHIP STUDIES
THEOLOGY – IV
(SOTERIOLOGY-ECCLESIOLOGY-ESCHATOLOGY)
SOTERIOLOGY
Soteriology deals with the doctrine of Salvation. The Greek word Soterie is translated as “Salvation”. This word is derived from the word “Soter” means “Saviour”. The word salvation is used in the Bible to indicate a work of God in behalf of man.
General idea of Salvation
In the Old Testament, the word salvation is translated from four Hebrew words which basically mean ‘deliverance’, ‘health’, ‘help’, ‘welfare’, ‘safety’, ‘victory’ etc. Hence, the idea of salvation in Old Testament is deliverance from any kind of problem that man faces.
In the New Testament, the Greek word “Soter” is always translated “Saviour” (24 times). The Greek verb “Sozo” means “to save” is used 108 times. The Greek word for Salvation is translated either Salvation (40 times) or health (once), or Saving (once) or deliver (once) or saved (twice). Hence, the idea of salvation in New Testament is also deliverance from either spiritual problem or physical problem.
Specific idea of Salvation
Although the general idea of Salvation includes deliverance from oppression, or sickness, or war, the specific idea of salvation is deliverance of soul. This deliverance of soul is either directly or indirectly advocated in both Old Testament and New Testament (Ps. 16 : 10 ; Mk. 8 : 36).
The usage of the word
In the Bible, the word salvation is used for “being saved” alive from physical death (Gen. 12 : 12 ; 50 : 20 ; Ex. 1 : 22 ; Deut. 20 : 4 ; Mt. 8 : 25 ; 14 : 30) or being saved from physical enemies (Jud. 6 : 14 : 1 Sam. 4 : 3 ; 2 Kings 16 : 7 ; 19 : 19 ; Ps. 59 : 2). Salvation also indicates God’s protection of the nation Israel (Ex. 14 : 30). It also indicates the deliverance from sickness and disease (Ps. 103 : 3 ; 42 : 11 ; 67 : 2 ; Deut. 28 : 1-14). In the Old Testament the word Salvation is almost used to refer physical deliverance of some kinds, not the salvation of souls as clearly revealed in the New Testament. According to New Testament, the word salvation signifies the whole work of God by which He rescues man from the eternal death and doom of sin and bestows on him the riches of grace including eternal life.
THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF SALVATION
The accomplishment of salvation is only through the death of Jesus Christ. Hence, Salvation is the plan of God which was perfectly executed by Jesus Christ through His death on the cross of Calvary. Since the death of Christ is the only source of salvation, let us examine the meaning and various aspects of the death of Christ.
Death of Christ was a substitution for sin : There are many facts to the meaning of Christ’s death, but the core one is “substitution”. The idea of substitution means that Christ died in the place of sinners. Jesus Christ advocated the same idea of substitutionary death even before His crucifixion (Mt. 20 : 28 ; Mk. 10 : 45). The Greek prepositions “Anti” and “Huper” are used in connection with Christ’s death. They mean “in the place of”. Especially, Huper has two meanings “in the place of” and “for the benefit of”. Hence, Christ’s death was “in the place of” and “for the benefit of” us. (2 Cor. 5 : 21 ; 1 Pet. 3 : 18).
Christ’s death provided redemption from sin : In the New Testament, the word “Redemption” has three concepts. The first is “to buy or purchase or pay a price for something”. It is used with this ordinary meaning in the parable of the treasure – hid in a field which motivated the man to buy (redeem) the field (Mt. 13 : 44). In relation to our salvation, the word means to pay the price which our sin demanded so that we could be redeemed. Revelation 5 : 9 explains that the blood of Christ is the payment for our sin (1 Cor. 6 : 19-20 ; 2 Pet 2 : 1).
The second word or concept is derived by adding a preposition (out of) with this word redemption. Hence this concept means “to purchase out of the market”. Hence “Christ’s death not only paid the price for sin but also removed us from the market place of sin in order to give assurance that we will never be slaves in the market of sin. In stead of slaves, we became children of God in Christ. (Gal. 4 : 5).
The third word for redemption is “to loose”. It signifies that the purchased person is also released and set free in the fullest sense. This release is possible through the substitution Christ made (1 Tim. 2 : 6 ; Heb. 9 : 12 ; Titus 2 : 14). Thus, redemption means that because of the shadding of the blood of Christ, believers have been purchased, removed from bondage of sin, and freed or liberated to do good works.
Christ’s death effected Reconciliation : To reconcile means “to change”. Man became enemy to God through sin. In order to change this enmity, Reconcialiation is indispensable. Hence, through His death, Christ reconciled man to God and removed man’s enmity. (2 Cor. 5 : 19 ; Rom. 5 : 11). It is the man who needs changing, not God; because it was man who became enemy to God.
Christ’s death provides propitiation : To propitiate means to appease or to satisfy God. Why does God need to be appeased? The best answer is that the true God is angry with mankind because of their sin and their enmity toward Him. The death of Christ propitiates God, averting His wrath so that God may receive into His family those who place their faith in the one who satisfied Him (1 Jn. 2 : 2 ; Rom. 3 : 25). The blood of Christ satisfied God’s wrath.
Christ’s death judged the sin nature : The death of Christ brought an important benefit for us in making inoperative the reigning power of our sin nature. In Romans 6 : 1-10, Paul says that our union with Christ by the baptism of Holy Spirit involves sharing His death so that we are dead to sin. The crucifixion of the Christian with Christ means separation from the dominion of sin over his life. Hence sin can not rule the believer. Our crucifixion with Christ also means a resurrection with Him to newness of living (6:4). Although a believer has sin nature, sin can not have dominion over him permanently.
Christ’s death brought the end of the law : The law of Moses came to the end with the death of Christ. The law could not justify a sinner (Act. 13 : 39 ; Rom. 3 : 20 ; 10 : 4 ; Col. 2 : 14) The law can show man his need of justification, but it can not provide the answer to that need (Gal. 3 : 23-25). Thus the death of Christ opened the way for justification by having faith in Him alone.
Christ’s death is the source of forgiveness : Sin in the Old Testament period was covered by animal sacrifices (Ps. 32 : 1). Hence for every sin, they have to sacrifice. Forgiveness was temporary for each sins in Old Testament. However all pre-cross sins which were temporarily covered by animal sacrifices were taken away by Christ’s death. Hence the death of Christ is the basis and ground for forgiveness in every age; Faith is always the means. (Act. 17 : 30 ; Rom. 3 : 26)
Christ’s death is the ground of cleansing from sin : The blood (death) of Christ is the only source of our constant cleansing from sin (1 Jn. 1 : 7). He is faithful to forgive when a believer confesses his sins that he has committed after his conversion. By this confession, the believer restores his fellowship with God – that he lost when he sinned.
Christ’s death is the basis for the judgement over Satan : Although Satan’s judgement have various stages, all his judgements are based on the victory which Christ won over him and his demons at the cross (Col. 2 : 15 : Jn. 12 : 31).
THE APPLICATION OF SALVATION
Although Christ’s death accomplished the salvation, a sinner receives the salvation through the work of regeneration of Holy Spirit, when he accepts Christ as his only Saviour. The teaching ‘how a sinner receives Salvation’ is termed as the application of Salvation. The application of salvation has various aspects. Let us examine them in the light of scriptures.
ELECTION
God’s Eternal Counsel : The doctrine of election is one of the important doctrine of the Bible. According to this doctrine of election, all the saved people are elect. However there are various views concerning election. Prominent views are given here:
Arminion View : This view holds that God elects on the basis of foreseen faith. Renowned theologian Henry C. Theissen states this view clearly “By election we mean that sovereign act of God in grace whereby He chose in Christ Jesus for Salvation all those whom He foreknew would accept Him”.
The Calvinistic View : This view states that God elects unconditionally; there is nothing in the creature which conditions His choice of some and passing over of others. Renowned theologian Berkhof states the position clearly Election is “that eternal act of God” whereby He, in His sovereign good pleasure, and on account of no foreseen merit in them, chooses a certain number of men to be the recipients of special grace and of eternal salvation”.
In summary about these two views, on the one hand the Arminion view holds that Christ died for all; On the other hand the Calvinistic view holds that Christ died for the elect. These two views are in two extremes. Hence, let us further examine the scripture in order to come to a proper understanding and conclusion about election.
Two important Passages on Election : First is Ephesians 1 : 4-5. He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before Him. In love He predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the kind intention of His will (Eph. 1 : 4-5 – NASB).
This passage gives important teaching about election.
The source of election = “He (the Father) chose”
The object of election = “He chose us (the saved ones)”
The sphere of election = “He chose us in Him (Christ)”
The time of election = “Before the foundation of the world”
The purpose of election = “We should be holy and blameless”.
The motive of election = “In love He predestined us”
The basis of election ‘ “the kind intention of His will”.
From this passage we understand that “election is that before the creation of the world, in love, According to His will, the Father chose and predestined us in Christ that we should be holy and blameless.”
Romans 8 : 28 – 30 : We know that God causes all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose. For whom He foreknew, He also predestined to become conformed to the image of His son, that He might be the first born among many brethren; and who He predestined these. He also called and whom He called, these He also justified and whom He justified, these He also glorified” (NASB).
From this passage we understand that “election is that ccording to eternal counsel of God before the foundation of the world, God predestined many that they might become in the image of His son. And those who are predestined to became in the image of His Son are called, justified and glorified”.
After examining the scripture passages and two views concerning election, we can conclude here that Election is an important teaching in the Bible. However to reduce the tension between two views, it is better to conclude that “Christ’s death is sufficient for all sinners of the world to be saved, But it is efficient to those who believe and accept Him as their only Saviour”.
CALLING
We do not mean calling to vocational calling. Every legitimate occupation of life is in a sense a calling of God (1 Cor. 7 : 20-24). But, the calling by which we here refer to the call that God gives to the sinners for Salvation. The calling has two aspects; the general call and the effectual call.
The General Call : The general call is a call which comes through the proclamation of the gospel; it urges sinners to accept salvation. The general call is freely and universally offered. It is not specific to any individual (Jn. 7 : 37 ; Mt. 11 : 28 ; Is. 45 : 22). The proclamation of the gospel is also a general call of God to sinners (1 Cor. 15 : 3-4 ; Mt. 28 : 18-19).
Although this call is genuine, people can reject it. Eg. Jesus called all to repent but the few only repented.
The effectual Call : The effectual call is efficacious; it always results in Salvation. This is a creative calling which accompanies the external proclamation of the Gospel as well as the internal work of the Holy Spirit. The efficacious call is immutable. (Rom. 11 : 29).
Those who receive the effectual call are brought out of gross darkness into marvelous light (1 Pet. 2 : 9). Darkness here means ignorance about God’s perfections, purposes, counsels and about one’s own fallen state and sinful condition. Those who are effectually called will receive Jesus as their Saviour and Lord and will come out of darkness.
Ex. Conversion of Paul Act. 9
The efficacious call can not be resisted. When Jesus called him, he could not resist but accept and follow Him till the end of his life.
The best passage for this call is Romans 8 : 30 “When he did predestinate them He also called”. It is high and holy calling (2 Tim. 1 : 9 ; Heb. 3 : 1). The efficient cause of this call is God, the Father (1 Cor. 1 : 9 ; Gal. 1 : 15 ; Eph. 1 : 17-18). The moving cause of this call is God’s sovereign will and His pleasure (2 Tim. 1 : 9). The instrumental cause is the ministry of the word (2 Thes. 2 : 14). The purpose of this call is for salvation, fellowship, peace, holiness and happiness.
Read : 1 Cor. 1 : 9, 26 ; 7 : 15 ; 1 Thes. 4 : 7 ; 1 Pet. 1 : 15 ; Gal. 1 : 6 ; 1 Thes. 2 : 12 ; Jn. 17 : 22 ; Col. 3 : 4 ; 1 Tim. 6 : 12 ; 1 Pet. 5 : 10 ; 2 Pet. 1 : 10 ; Rom. 1 : 6-7.
REGENERATION
Regeneration is the act of God whereby spiritually dead men are quickened (made alive) through the Holy Spirit. By this act, God plants new life as well as new principles of the new Spiritual life in the soul. It is the spiritual new birth of a sinner.
Meaning of Regeneration : This word occurs in Matthew 19 : 28 and Titus 3 : 5. In Matthew, it denotes the renovation of the universe before the coming of Christ’s kingdom. On the other hand, Titus denotes Soteriologically – perhaps Spirit baptism as the sign and seal of regeneration.
Scriptural Terms related to Regeneration : The Bible attributes various terms to regeneration. The term “Born again” expresses image of regeneration (Jn. 3 : 3, 5, 7) “Born again” also means “born from above”, which denotes Spiritual birth. (Jn. 3 : 3-7 ; James 1 : 17,18).
Regeneration is also termed as “Renewal of the Holy Spirit” (Tit. 3 : 5); it results in “a new creation” (2 Cor. 5 : 17) by which a sinner becomes “new man” (Eph. 4 : 24), as mentioned “new born babies” by Peter (1 Pet. 2 : 2).
The necessity of Regeneration : When Adam sinned, he died spiritually (Rom. 5 : 12-14). This condition of spiritual death passed from Adam to all his posterity. Hence all are dead in sin (Eph. 2 : 1). The spiritually death person can not have spiritual life by his own efforts. This spiritually dead condition is analogous to the utter futility of a doctor’s efforts to revive the corpse of a man. We may preach the terror of hell or the blessings of heaven, but a spiritually dead man can not respond until the Holy Spirit works within him through the act of regeneration. Hence regeneration is a must in man so that he may positively respond to gospel.
The Act of Regeneration : As we have seen, regeneration is the act of Holy Spirit. By the act of regeneration, a spiritually dead sinner is quickened (made alive) by the quickening work of the Holy spirit (Eph. 2 : 1,6 cf Jn. 6 : 63 ; Rom. 8 : 1-10). As there is a quickening time in natural generation, so there is in regeneration. The quickening time of the natural birth can not be known outwardly (invisible inner act ) by a baby or a man, so also the exact quickening time of spiritual birth can not be known or expressed outwardly by a saved man. This quickening act of the Holy Spirit is done in every man who responds to God’s efficacious calls at once he responds.
Regeneration is a passive work. Man can no more contribute to their spiritual birth than infants can do to their natural birth. It is always ascribed to the Holy Spirit as the efficient cause (Jn. 3 : 3-6).
Regeneration is an irresistible work. As an infant can not resist its own generation, a man can not resist his regeneration when the Holy Spirit regenerates him. (Jn. 3 : 8).
Regeneration is an instantaneous work. It is one time act of the Holy Spirit by which He regenerates at once when a person responds to God’s efficacious call.
Regeneration is a mysterious work. No man can really understand this miraculous work of God’s grace. The work of the Spirit is like the wind; you do not know where it comes from or where it goes” (Jn. 3 : 8).
CONVERSION
The Hebrew (Shubh) as well as the Greek (Metanoia) terms for conversion mean basically “to turn”. The idea “to turn” in conversion also involves “to turn about and to return”. Hence true conversion includes “Repentance and faith. (Acts 26 : 20 ; 9 : 35 ; 11 : 21 ; 15 : 19 ; 1 Pet. 2 : 25).
Definition of Conversion : Conversion is the act of God by which God through the grace causes the regenerated sinner inwardly to turn to Him in repentance and faith. True repentance includes godly sorrow for sin and a deep contrition of heart ( 2 Cor. 7 : 10 ; Ps. 51 : 4). As the result of this true repentance, inwardly regenerated sinner puts his faith in God.
Elements of Conversion : Conversion includes three elements namely knowledge, Assent and Trust.
Knowledge : This knowledge includes two aspects. First, Every sinner should know that he is sinner by nature (Rom. 3 : 20, 23 ; 1 : 32). Second he should know who Christ is, and what Christ has done on the cross for sin (1 Cor. 15 : 3-4).
Assent : Assent simply means agreement. In conversion, assent refers that every sinner must agree the fact that he is a sinner and Christ is the only Saviour. Hence one should believe what knowledge he gets about Christ, the Saviour.
Trust : Knowledge of and assent to the truth of the gospel is not saving faith. This knowledge and assent must be accompanied by trust in the person of Jesus Christ. Christian faith is not merely intellectual assent to the divinely revealed truth of scripture; it must include commitment to Christ. Hence Jesus Christ who saves sinner does save the sinner through faith. A sinner must trust Jesus Christ by exercising his will (Ps. 51 : 5, 7, 10 ; Jer. 25 : 5 ; Act. 2 : 38; Rom. 2 : 4)
When these three elements are absent, true conversion may not happen.
The Characteristics of Conversion : True conversion belongs to the recreative act of God. Hence conversion is the direct effect of regeneration. As regeneration happen below consciousness (Sub – conscious), the conversion occurs at consciousness. Hence “It naturally includes a transition in the operations of the new life from the sub-conscious to the conscious life…. This brings out the close connection between regeneration and conversion. A conversion that is not rooted in regeneration is no true conversion”. (L. Berkhof. pp. 484-485).
The sinful principle of the old life is already replaced by the Holy principle of the implanted new life at regeneration. This newly implanted holy principles of new life penetrates into the conscious life in conversion so that the regenerated person turns into a new and Godward direction. However, conversion is not a continuous process, but it is a definite change that takes place only once in a believer’s life. By this definite change, a saved man grows continually in Christ, until he gets the image of Christ (Rom. 8 : 29).
The means of Conversion : The efficient cause of conversion is God, not man; because man himself can not change his nature (Jer. 13 : 23 ; Rom. 9 : 16 ; Jn. 1 : 13). God brings conversion which results in faith. Hence God is the author of faith (Heb. 12 : 1-2). The moving cause of conversion is the will of God as it is in regeneration and effectual calling (Eph. 2 : 3-4). The instrumental cause is the ministry of the word. The true conversion is possible only through the ministry of the word by preaching and teaching. (Rom. 10 : 17 ; Gal. 3 : 2 ; 1 Cor. 3 : 5). However in rare instances, it is possible through divine providence.
Summary notes on Conversion
When a person hears the message of Gospel, the Holy Spirit convicts his sin (Rom. 3 : 23) and the righteousness in Christ (Jn. 16 : 8). Through this conviction, if a sinner accepts that he is a sinner and that he needs the Saviour, the Holy spirit regenerates him immediately and gives effectual calling to him. As the result of this regeneration and effectual call, the conversion is wrought inward so that the sinner repents, and trusts Jesus Christ as his only Saviour. This repentance and faith is manifested through confession which results in Salvation (Rom. 10 : 10).
JUSTIFICATION
The Greak verb “dikaio” generally means “to declare a person to be just morally and judicially” (Mt. 12 : 37 ; Lk. 7 : 29 ; Rom. 3 : 4). Paul uses the same concept of justification in his epistles (Rom. 5 : 1,9,18 ; 8 : 30-33 ; 1 Cor. 6 : 11 ; Gal. 2 : 16 ; 3 : 11). Justification is defined that it “is a judicial act of God in which He declares, on the basis of the righteousness of Jesus Christ, that all the claims of the law are satisfied with respect to the sinner” (Berkhaf. p. 513). Hence the state of justification is that it is a change from guilt and condemnation to acquittal and acceptance. Justification is permanent once for all.
The two elements of justification : It contains two elements namely the forgiveness of sin and the imputation of Christ’s righteousness.
Forgiveness of sin : In justification, all our sins-past, present, and future – are forgiven on the basis of atoning death of Christ. Since all our sins are forgiven, the guilt and punishment thereof removed. (Act. 13 : 38, 39 ; Rom. 5 : 21 ; 8 : 1). As the result of justification, there is no condemnation for believers in Christ (Jn. 3 : 18). God sees the believer as without sin and guilt in Christ. (Rom. 8 : 33, 34 ; Num. 23 : 21 ; Mich. 7 : 18, 19 ; Ps. 130 : 4). Forgiveness may be considered as the cessation of the moral anger of God.
The imputation of Christ’s righteousness : Justification is not only forgiveness of sin, but also imputation of Christ’s righteousness. His righteousness is upon all them that believe (Rom. 3 : 22). Hence justification is more than mere pardon. Joshua, the high priest was not only pardoned but also clothed with rich apparel (Zech. 3 : 4). In like manner, God pardons sinner and clothes them with the righteousness of Christ.
The method of Justification : A sinner is never justified by works of the law or by performing religious activities (Rom. 3 : 19, 20, 28 ; Gal. 2 : 16 ; 3 : 10). All good works of a sinner are filthy rags before the Holy God (Is. 64 : 6). None can attain salvation by works or punnyas (Good karmas). Because justification is done by God on those who believe Jesus Christ as their Saviour.
The origin or source of justification is God’s grace (Rom. 3 : 24). “Freely” denotes that justification is granted without any meritorious act done on our part to deserve it. We are saved and justified by grace (Eph. 2 : 7-9). Since a sinner does not have any merit, justification is granted to him by the blood of Jesus Christ. The blood of Christ is the only ground of justification (Rom. 3 : 24 ; 5 : 9 ; 2 Cor. 5 : 21). Animal sacrifice grants temporary covering of sin. Hence a sinner must offer sacrifice again and again for his each sin. But the blood of Christ provides permanent forgiveness (Heb. 9 : 22). Therefore this justification is granted by God to a sinner by believing in Jesus Christ. Hence “Trusting Jesus as the Saviour” is the only condition in order to be justified (Rom. 3 : 26 ; 4 : 5 ; Gal. 2 : 16 ; 3 : 10 ; Act. 13 : 39).
THE ADOPTION
Adoption refers to sonship related to birth right. At regeneration, the believer becomes a child of God. (Jn. 1 : 12-13). Hence every believer is child of God by believing Jesus Christ. However, in adoption, the believer – already a child of God – receives a place as an adult son who has the birth right and who is the inheritor (Gal. 4 : 1-7).
In ancient times, a boy was not called a son until he came of age. When he became of age, he was proclaimed as his father’s son and heir in a ceremony. In the same way, Although all believers are children of God, they become heir at the second coming of Christ. The Holy Spirit indwelling in the believer assures him to this new position as a present earnest (security deposit). The full manifestation of this wonderful position awaits the second coming of Jesus Christ when the believer will receive transformed body (Rom. 8 : 23 ; Ex. 2 : 10 ; Heb. 11 : 24 ; 1 Jn. 3 : 1-3).
The time when adoption takes place : The adoption takes place at the same moment when one believes in Christ (Ex. The lamb was slain from before the foundation of the world, and it actually fulfilled only on calvary). Similarly, adoption takes place at conversion, but it will come to its matured state at the resurrection of believers at the second coming of Christ (Rom. 8 : 23 ; 9 : 11 ; 11 : 5,6 ; Jn. 1 : 12 ; 1 Jn. 3 : 1-2).
The blessings of adoption : There are many blessings. Here a few are mentioned. We are in God’s family (1 Jn. 3 : 1 ; Eph. 3 : 14, 15), get family love (Jn. 13 : 35 ; 17 : 23 ; 1 Jn. 3 : 14), fatherly care (Lk. 12 : 27-33), a filial spirit (Rom. 8 : 14-15) comfort (Isa. 66 : 13 ; 2 Cor. 1 : 4) and inheritance (1 Pet. 1 : 3-5 ; Rom. 8 : 17).
Note : God chastises the believers when they sin, because they are His children (Heb. 12 : 5-11).
Read : Rom. 8 : 29 ; Gal. 4 : 5, 6 ; 5 : 18 ; Eph. 3 : 12 ; 1Jn. 2 : 9-11 ; 5 : 1-3.
SANCTIFICATION
The Greek word for sanctification is “Hagiazo” which has the idea of separation primarily. Sanctification includes the idea of holy, sacred, and dedication. Hence whatever that is separated for the use of God, is called sanctified, dedicated and is holy and sacred. From this basic meanings, we get two spiritual thoughts, namely separation from evil and Dedication unto God and His service. Hence every believer in sanctification is separated from sin and evil and dedicated for God’s services.
Separation from Evil : Every believer must turn away from all that is sinful and that is defiling to both soul and body. Only then, He will be useful vessel for God (2 Chro. 29 : 5, 15 -18 ; 1 Thes. 4 : 3 ; Heb. 9 : 3 ; Exo. 19 : 20-22 ; Lev. 11 : 44).
Separation or Dedication unto God : This means that whatever is set apart and separated for a sacred use, and whatever is devoted exclusively to the service of God is sanctified. According to this, a believer is separated from sin and is dedicated for holy purpose of God (Lev. 27 : 14, 16 ; Num. 8 : 17 ; Jn. 10 : 36 ; Ezek. 36 : 23).
This concept of separation from sin and dedication into God is termed as sanctification. Every believer is sanctified by God. Sanctification is an act of God. This sanctification is a process and it includes three levels, namely past, present and future sanctification. Let us study these three in details:
(i) Past sanctification : At the moment of regeneration, God declares that believer is holy. This holy position is granted to a believer because all of his sins are washed away by the blood of Christ. Hence, every believer is holy before God at the moment of accepting Christ as his Saviour. This new holy position before God is called positional sanctification. (1 Cor. 1 : 2, Rom. 1 : 7 ; 1 Cor. 6 : 11). This positional sanctification is closely related with justification.
(ii) Present sanctification : This sanctification refers “to daily cleansing from sin”. This is a process which begins with regeneration and ends at the death of the believer or at rapture. Since it is a long process and progress from one degree to another, it is also called progressive sanctification. In this sanctification, a believer confesses his sins that he commits daily and receives pardon from God. He continues this till his death. Although he is holy before God at positional, sanctification, he is not holy in his daily life. Hence he goes under this progressive sanctification. (1 Jn. 1 : 7-9 ; 2 Pet. 3 : 18 ; 2 Cor. 3 : 18 ; 1 Thes. 3 : 12 ; 2 Cor. 7 : 1 ; Eph. 4 : 11-15 ; Phil. 3 : 10-15). In progressive sanctification, we grow toward perfect holiness and into the image of God. The Holy Spirit actively involves in progressive sanctification so that the believer may be holy and perfect before God.
Note : The Holy Spirit uses the word of God in the process of progressive sanctification (1 Pet. 1 : 22 ; 2 : 2 ; 2 Pet. 1 : 4). If the believer disobeys continually to His word, God uses providential guidance, which may include chastisement (Ps. 119: 71 ; Heb. 12 : 10).
(iii) Future sanctification : The future sanctification will be either at the death of a believer or at the rapture. In this sanctification, the body, soul and spirit, all will be permanently sanctified. This is complete and final sanctifiction. Therefore it is also called permanent sanctification. At this sanctification, we shall be like Him. (1 Jn. 3 : 2 ; Phil. 3 : 12-14 ; 1 Thes. 3 : 13 ; 5 : 23).
THE ASSURANCE OF SALVATION
God has promised and guaranteed that the Salvation in Christ is eternal and everlasting. This guarantee given by God is called “Security of Salvation”. Numerous verses speak about security of salvation.
(Eg.) Jn. 3 : 15 – Whosoever believeth in Him should not perish.
Jn. 5 : 24 – Everlasting life
Jn. 6 : 37 – I will in no wise cast out
Jn. 10 : 28-29 – No man is able to pluck them out of my father’s hand.
Read : Jn. 14 : 6 ; Rom. 6 : 23 ; 1 Jn. 5 : 11,12 ; Col. 1 : 27.
These verses speak very clearly that every believer has eternal life which will never perish. This security is given by God who is faithful (1 Thes. 5 : 24) and who never tells lie (Tit. 1 : 2). Based on these scriptural passages and the faithfulness of God, a believer has a hope and assurance that his salvation is permanent. This hope is called “Assurance of Salvation”.
THE ATTITUDE OF SAVED PEOPLE
The saved person will exercise or have new attitude and approach toward God, other saved people, himself and unsaved people.
Attitude toward God : He would realize that God is his heavenly Father. (Mt. 11 : 27). He will depend upon God in prayer (Rom. 8 : 26-27 ; Eph. 5 : 20 ; Jude 20). He will have a new ability to understand scripture (Jn. 16 : 12-15 ; Lk. 24 : 32 ; 24 : 45 ; 1 Jn. 2 : 27 ; 1 Cor. 2 : 9-14). He starts believing the promises of God’s word. (Mt. 5 : 18 ; Ps. 119 : 89, 160 ; Jn. 6 : 37). He will try to grow in the image of Christ and manifest Christ like character (Gal. 5 : 22-23).
Attitude toward fellow believers : He will love other believers; because they have only heavenly Father (1 Jn. 3 : 14 ; Jn. 13 : 34-35). True love manifests that we are children of God.
Toward self : He will have a holy consciousness against sin. He starts hating sin. (1 Jn. 5 : 18). He delights in God (Rom. 7 : 22). He will have hope and assurance of salvation, that he is child of God and he has eternal life (Jn. 1 : 12 ; 3 : 18 ; 5 : 24 ; 6 : 37 ; 10 : 28).
Toward unsaved : Every saved person will have strong urge to share the gospel of salvation in Christ so that the sinner may turn to God (Rom. 10 : 1, 13-17). The Love of God, manifested in Christ (Jn. 3 : 16) will be shared by believers to the unsaved through their witness (Mt. 28 : 19-20).
THE WORK OF THE HOLY SPIRIT IN SALVATION
All three persons of Godhead involved in saving the sinners. As the Father willed to save the sinners (1 Tim. 2 : 3-5), Christ died for sinners (1 Cor. 15 : 3-4). However, the third person Holy Spirit, applied the salvation to the sinners. The works of the Holy Spirit in salvation can be known as following:
The Holy Spirit regenerates so that the one may be born again. 1 : 12-13 ; 3 : 3-6 ; Tit. 3 : 4-6 ; 1 Pet. 1 : 23 ; 2 Pet. 1 : 4 ; 1 Jn. 3 : 9.
Holy Spirit indwells permanently in a believer in order to sanctify him. 3 : 37-39 ; Rom. 5 : 5 ; 8 : 9 ; 1 Cor. 2 : 12 ; 6 : 19 ; 1 Jn. 2 : 27 ; Jn. 14 : 16
The Holy Spirit joins the believer into the body of Christ through the baptism of Spirit (1 Cor. 6 : 17 ; 12 : 13 ; Gal. 3 : 27 ; Eph. 4 : 4-5).
The Holy Spirit seals believers that they belong to God. 2 Cor. 1 : 22 ; Eph. 1 : 13-14 ; 4 : 30
THE BLESSINGS OF SALVATION
There are many blessings given to all believers at the time of Salvation (Rom. 8 : 32 ; Gal. 3 : 14 ; Eph. 1 : 3). When we buy an egg, we get the whole egg with all its nutritious parts inside. similarly when we believe Christ, we get salvation as well as the following blessings.
Forgivenes of sin – Act 2 : 38 ; 1 Jn. 7-9
Eternal life – 1 Jn. 5 : 11-13
Become the child of God – Jn. 1 : 12 ; Rom. 8 : 14-15
Adoption of sonship to inherit God’s inheritance – Rom. 8 : 15-16
A place in heaven – Jn. 14 : 2-3
Baptised by the Holy Spirit – Rom. 6 : 3
Anointed by the Holy Spirit – 1 Jn. 2 : 20,27
Sealed by the Holy Spirit – Eph. 1 : 13 ; 4 : 30
Indwelling of the Holy Spirit – Jn. 14 : 16
Having the spiritual gifts – 1 Cor. 12 : 11
Freed from the law and curse – Rom. 8 : 2 ; Gal. 3 : 10-13
Believer is made a priest – 1 Pet. 2 : 9 ; Heb. 4 : 16
Freed from condemnation, that is hell – Jn. 3 : 16-18 ; 5 : 24
Freed from the fear of death – Heb. 2 : 15 ; Rom. 8 : 15
The benefits of learning the doctrine of Salvation
Although there are numerous benefits we receive by learning this doctrine, we enlist three basic points of salvation. We understand that
We can not save ourselves by Good works. Is. 64 : 6 ; Tit. 3 : 5 ; Eph.2:9
We are freely saved by grace through Faith in Christ – Eph. 2 : 4-8
Our salvation is eternal (Jn. 5 : 24 ; Jn. 6 : 37 ; 10 : 28-29)
ECCLESIOLOGY – (THE DOCTRINE OF CHURCH)
The Greek word “Ekklesia” for church is derived from two Greek words, namely ‘Ek’ means “out” and ‘Kales’ means “to call”. Thus Ecclesia means “to call out”. When this term is applied to the new Testament church, it means “the called out assembly of people”. Jesus used this term first in the New Testament (Mt. 16 : 18). Generally this word “Ecclesia” denotes the gathering or assembly of New Testament believers, it sometimes denoted civil assemblies (Act. 19 : 32, 39, 41) and the congregation of Israel (Act. 7 : 38). However, the church in the epistles of New Testament refers to the assembly of believers in Christ.
Note : On the one hand some think that the church is a improved and developed form of Judaison; on the other hand some think that the church is a denomination. These two concepts do not have any scriptural support. The New Testament does not mention any denomination specifically.
The importance of church
The church is very much important in the eternal plan of God. When Israel failed and rejected Jesus Christ (Jn. 1 : 10-11; Rom. 11). God inaugurated the church to execute His plan for the world. Hence the church is very important. Moreover the New Testament Church is completely different from the nation of Israel.
The other terms for the church
The New Testament uses some other terms to denote the church; namely the body of Christ (Eph. 4 : 12); the bride of Christ (Rev. 19 : 7 ; 21 : 9).
The beginning of the church
Some believe that the church began in the Old Testament. But the New Testament church began in New Testament. The statement of Jesus in Matt. 16 : 18 makes this very clear. He said “I will build my church”. That indicates when Jesus said this statement there was no New Testament church. As He said, He began the church on the day of Pentecost by the baptism of the Holy Spirit (Acts. 1 : 5). On that day, the church began with one hundred and twenty believers, including the apostles (Act. 1 : 15). However on the same day, another three thousand people were added into the church. (Act. 2 : 1-3, 41). Later, Peter also referred back this incident by using the word “the beginning” (Acts 11 : 15). Here, in 11:15, the beginning does not mean to any of Old Testament incidents, but it refers “the beginning” on the day of Pentecost. Hence we know that the church of New Testament began on the day of Pentecost.
The end of New Testament Church
As the church has the beginning on the day of Pentecost, it will have the end. Hence the end of the New Testament church in earth is on the day of rapture. On the day of rapture, the church will be taken from the earth to be with the Lord in heaven (1 Thes. 4 : 13-18).
The two facets of the church
The church of the New Testament has two facets; namely the Universal church and the Local church.
The Universal church
The universal church consists of all the saved persons of all nations including saved Jews and gentiles from the day of Pentecost to the day of rapture in the dispensation of grace. This universal church is an organism. (Mt. 16 : 18 ; Jn. 3 : 3-18 ; 1 Pet. 1 : 3,22-27; 1 Cor. 12 : 13). All the persons in the universal church are saved – called out of the world, born – again of the spirit of God, and have been baptized into the body of Christ in this dispensation.
The universal church is also called symbolically with the following terms; namely ‘The New Man’ (Eph. 2 : 15, 24), the body of Christ (Eph. 1 : 22, 23 ; Col. 1 : 18 ; 2 : 19). The building – The temple of God (Eph. 2 : 20,21 ; 1 Cor. 3 : 9-17 ; 1 Pet. 2 : 6-8) The bride of Christ (Eph. 5 : 31-32 ; Rev. 19 : 7 ; 21 : 9).
This universal church was formed on the day of Pentecost – Spirit of God came, baptized the disciples into the body of Christ (1 Cor. 12 : 13). The Lord Jesus is the founder (Mt. 16 : 18); and He, Himself is the foundation (1 Cor. 3 : 11).
The universal church comprises all true Christian believers (saved persons) taken out of all nations, tribes, and tongues, and united with their living Head, Jesus Christ. Since Christ is the head of the Church, the church is the spiritual organism.
Note : The universal church does not refer to any international denomination, but refer to all the persons who are saved from the day of Pentecost until the day of rapture.
The Local church
The church in the local sense is that smaller company of regenerate persons in any community unite themselves voluntarily in accordance with the principles, precepts, and purposes of Christ as revealed in the New Testament. The universal church is organism but the local church is an organization.
The foundation of the local church
The first local church was founded in Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost on the same day the universal church was founded (Act. 2 : 41-42). The people who received the gospel were saved. The saved people were baptized into water and added to the local church.
The basic functions of the local church
The members of the church gathered together in worship for fellowship, study of God’s word, breaking of bread and prayers (Act. 2 : 41-42).
The officers of the Local church
The church has six offices divided into three categories; namely Foundational officers, Forwarding Officers and Functioning officers.
Foundational Officers
The foundational office is the very basic of all offices. After beginning the church on the day of Pentecost, God used apostles and prophets to establish the church on the doctrine. (Eph. 2 : 20). Jesus is the Chief corner stone of the foundation, the teaching of apostles are foundation. (1 Cor. 3 : 10-11). Hence Apostles and Prophets are known as foundational officers.
Apostles : The early church had twelve apostles and one special apostle for the gentiles. Paul was that special apostle. The scripture mentions all qualifications to be an apostles as following.
a) The apostles must have a special call by Jesus Christ. This special call was given always to apostles in front of others among many witnesses. They will always have special mission (Mt. 10 : 2).
b) They must be able to render personal testimony to the fact of Christ’s resurrection (Act. 1 : 22).
c) They should have the “signs of an apostle” (1 Cor. 9 : 2 ; 2 Cor. 12 : 12).
d) The apostle should be recognized as such by the rest of the apostlic company (1 Cor. 9 : 4-6; 2 Pet. 3 : 15-16).
Prophets : God used prophets in the early church to encourage and guide the new believers in Christ; The New Testament was not written at that time to guide the believers. So they had the gift of prophecy. The prophets were not elected by the church; but God raised them up in the local church to guide the church with God’s message. (Act. 11 : 27-28 ; 13 : 1 ; 15 : 32 ; 21 : 10 ; 1 Cor. 12 : 28 ; Eph. 4 : 11).
Forwarding Officers
The forwarding officers are recognized by the church and affiliated with one local church. They carried the mission by evangelism and edification by teaching. They carried out their ministry with the recognition of the church. They did not minister independently. They are Evangelists and Teachers.
Evangelist : They might have been travelling preachers, authorized by the apostles and churches. 4 : 11 ; Act. 8 : 5-6.
Teachers : They were the persons with the gift of Teaching in the early church. They were gifted to teach to the believers concerning Christ from the Old Testament. (Act. 13 : 1 ; 1 Cor. 12 : 28, 29).
Functioning Officers
The functioning officers look after the daily affairs of the church along with the spiritual and physical needs of the believers. Every local church will have these officers; namely Pastor and Deacon.
Elder : The New Testament uses other terms such as elder and Bishop for Pastors. All these three terms refer to the same person and office (Act. 11 : 30 ; 14 : 23 ; 20 : 17,28 ; 1 Tim. 3 ). The term elder speaks of the maturity and experience of the one who takes care of the flock. The term “Bishop” (Act. 2 : 28 ; Phil. 1 : 11 ; 1 Tim. 3 : 1,2 ; Tit. 1 : 5) means an “overseer”. This term emphasizes the function as overseeing the affairs of the local assembly. The term “Pastor” (Eph. 4 : 11) means shepherd which emphasizes his responsibility of feeding the flock and personal care for them. This office primarily deal with the spiritual need and secondarily deal with physical need of the believers. This office concentrates on spiritual functions.
Deacons : 1 : 1 ; 1 Tim. 3 : 8-13. This term simply means a servant. He assists the pastor in overseeing the affairs of the flocks so that the pastor may devote more of his time in feeding and caring the flock of God spiritually. (Act. 6). It concentrates on social function.
The regular functions of the local church
Every local church must perform these responsibilities in order to carry on its daily affairs. The following are its regular functions.
i) The primary function of the church is evangelizing. So that the sinners may believe Jesus Christ as their Saviour (1 Thes. 1 : 8 ; Act. 1 : 8 ; Mt. 28 : 19-20).
ii) The saved people must be added into the church by baptism (Act. 2 : 41-42)
iii) The members who are added in the church must be edified by God’s word (Eph. 4 : 11-16 ; 1 Cor. 12 –14 ; Col. 3 : 12-17).
iv) Members should be disciplined, if they err by dishonouring God and His word (Mt. 18 : 17 ; Rom. 16 : 17 ; 1 Cor. 5 : 1-5). The purpose of discipline in the church is for the restoration of the believers (Mt. 18 : 15)
v) The church has to elect its officers like pastors and deacons (Act. 6 : 1-6 ; 14 : 23 ; 1 Tim. 3) according to the qualification given in the Bible.
vi) The church must worship regularly and perform ordinances (Act. 4 : 41 ; 1 Cor. 11)
vii) The church must maintain its dialy affairs decently without confusions (1 Cor. 14 : 40).
The ordinances of the church
The ordinances are certain symbolic acts which Christians are commanded to observe as setting forth great truths of the faith. The Bible clearly sets forth two ordinances; namely Baptism and Lord’s supper.
Baptism : It is the symbol of the believer’s identification with Christ in His burial and resurrection (Rom. 6 : 3-4 ; Col. 2 : 12). This is the obligation of the church because Christ commanded it (Mt. 28 : 19-20); and apostles and early disciples taught and practiced baptism (Acts. 2 : 38, 41 ; 8 : 12, 13, 36, 38).
Lord’s supper : It symbolizes our Lord’s death (1 Cor. 11 : 26). The believer’s partaking of the Lord’s supper set forth in symbol all that the death of Christ signifies in justification, sanctification, preservation and glorification. We are commanded to practice it till the coming of Christ in order to remember Him (Matt. 26 : 26-29 ; 1 Cor. 11 : 24-26).
The common work of the local church
Edification of believers, Evangelism, Missionary work, support of preachers are the basic tasks of the church (Rom. 15 : 26 ; 1 Cor. 16 : 1 ; 2 Cor. 8 : 9).
The relation of churches to society
To the civil government : we should perform our duties as faithful citizen. Every good Christian is the best citizen of his country where he lives. (Matt. 22 : 15-22 ; Rom. 13 : 1 ; 1 Pet. 2 : 13).
The church should be an example and to be an illuminating and preservative agency in the world. (Matt. 5 : 13-15 ; Jn. 17 : 14-16 ; Phil. 2 : 15).
The church should sent and support missionaries to reach out the unsaved for Christ (Act. 13 : 1-3 ; 14 : 26,27 ; Phil 4 : 10-18).
The Destiny of the universal church
As we have known, the universal church includes all believers who are saved from the day of Pentecost to the day of rapture. This universal church belongs to Christ. Hence it will be united with Christ at rapture. (2 Cor. 5 : 2 ; 11 : 2 ; Eph. 5 : 27). After being united with Christ, the church will reign with Christ (1 Cor. 5 : 2 ; Rev. 1 ; 6 ; 3 : 21 ; 20 : 4,6 ; 2 Tim. 2 : 1-13). The church will glorify Christ eternally (Eph. 3 : 10,21).
The benefits of learning this doctrine
By learning this doctrine we understand that
We are special people and chosen generation (1 Pet. 2 : 9). Since we are saved by faith in Jesus.
ESCHATOLOGY (THE DOCTRINE OF LAST THINGS)
Eschatology deals with the doctrine of last things based on the revelations given in the scripture concerning the end of universe. It is good to know a few terms mostly used in Eschatology before we go into the doctrine.
Eschatological Terms
i) The Ratpure : All believers of this church age – From the day of Pentecost to the day of rapture will be transformed and caught up on the clouds in order to be with Jesus (1 Thes. 4 : 13-18). It is also called secret coming of Christ.
ii) The Judgement seat of Christ : This is also called ‘BEMA’ judgement. Christ judges all church age believers after rapture and gives rewards for their works (2 Cor. 5 : 10).
iii) The marriage of the Lamb : The marriage of the lamb is a figurative description which represents the permanent spiritual heavenly union of Jesus Christ and His church (Rev. 19 : 7).
iv) The great Tribulation : This is the greatest suffering of God’s people, especially the nation of Israel. The period of Tribulation is for seven years, which begin right after the rapture. Since it begins after rapture, the church believers will not go into tribulation period.
v) The Revelation of Christ : This refers to Christ’s personal return to the earth at the end of Tribulation to destroy Antichrist and his army with the spirit of His mouth (2 Thes. 2 : 8).
vi) The Battle of Armageddon : This battle will begin at the climax of Great Tribulation. The army of Antichrist will make war with Israel. Armagaddon valley is near Megiddo. At the end of war, Christ will personally come and defeat Antichrist and will rescue Israel.
vii) The Millennium : The term “Millennium” means “One thousand years”. This 1000 years begins after the battle of Armageddon. Christ will rule the world during this one thousand years as the righteous king.
viii) The great white throne judgement : This judgement will be there after the millennium rule of Christ. In this judgement, all unbelievers of all ages (Dispensation) will be sentenced to eternal hell for their sins.
THE EVENTS RELATED WITH SECOND COMING OF CHRIST
The first coming of Christ was related with the birth, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. On the other hand, the second coming of Christ is related with His personal return which will happen at any moment in the future. The second coming of Christ is the next most important event that will take place in the world. Jesus’ Second coming is mentioned more times than His first coming in the New Testament. Nearly Fifty times, we are exhorted to be ready to meet our Lord in His second coming. The scriptures explicitely state two stages in the second coming.
The two stages of the second coming of Christ.
i) The First stage : This first stage is Rature as the scripture asserts. This event may take place at any moment from this time onwards. At this stage, Christ will come in the air on the clouds and the church believers will be caught up together to meet Him. Although the term rapture is not found in the scripture, its equivalent Greek word ‘harpazo’ is found. Harpazo means ‘snatching’ or ‘catching away’ (1 Thes. 4 : 17). This coming is invisible to people. Believers of the church will be only caught up together in Heaven.
After their rapture there will be a gap for seven years in which Antichrist will persecute the Jews.
ii) The Second Stage : This coming will be visible to the naked eyesof all. Hence this is called as Revelation. At this stage, Christ will come to the earth with His Saints. It will take place seven years after the rapture (Col. 3 : 4 ; 2 Thes. 1 : 7-9 ; 2 : 7,8) at the end of the rule of Antichrist.
Now we shall study these two stages in detail.
THE RAPTURE AND RELATED EVENTS OF THE CHURCH
The Rapture
The rapture of the church is mentioned several times in the scripture. (Jn. 14 : 1-3 ; 1 Cor. 15 : 51,52, Phil. 3 : 20,21 ; 1 Thes. 4 : 13-18). This rapture involves three fold process within the fraction of second.
The Resurrection of the righteous (1 Thes. 4 : 16 ; 1 Cor. 15 : 22,23)
In this resurrection, all dead believers who trusted Christ as their only Saviour will be raised. Hence the believers who are dead in Christ from the day of Pentecost till the moment of rapture will be raised in this resurrection. The Old Testament Saints will not be raised in this resurrection, but they will be raised after tribulation period.
The transformation of living believers
The phrase “we which are alive” (1 Thes. 4 : 17) speaks of the living believers at the moment of rapture. Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 15 : 51” we shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed (transformed)”. The change of our bodies is explained in Phil. 3 : 21 and 1 John 3 : 2.
The translation of all believers
“Shall be caught up” (1 Thes 4 : 17) refers to the sudden seizing of believers by the Lord. In this translation both the believers who are dead in Christ and who are living will be caught up together by the Lord with their new glorified body. The resurrected and transformed believers shall be ascended together. The bride (church) will meet the bridegroom (Christ) in the air. This event is called the rapture of church.
Rapture will be before the beginning of Tribulation
Tribulation is known as the time of God’s wrath when God will pour down His judgement on the unbelieving earth (Rev. 6 : 16,17 ; 11 : 18 ; 19 : 15). However the New Testament church will not go under tribulation. The church believers will be caught up in heaven before the beginning of tribulation. Because many scriptural passages clearly indicate this truth.
Ex. “We shall be saved from wrath (Rom. 5 : 9)” delivered us from the wrath to come (1 Thes. 1 : 10) and “God hath not appointed us to wrath” (1 Thes. 5 : 9). “We and us” in these verses refer to the believers. Hence believers will not pass through the tribulation. Moreover, Revelation 3 : 10 has a promise that Christ gave to the church Philadelphia . . “. . I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth.” In this verse, “the hour of temptation” refers to Tribulation. This tribulation will be on the whole earth. However Christ promised that He will keep the church from this Hour of Temptation (Tribulation). Hence we understand that the Rapture will be before the beginning of Tribulation so that the believers will be kept away from the hour of temptation.
2 Thes. 2 : 1-10 explains the restrainer has to be removed before tribulation. The restrainer is either the Holy Spirit or the church (The new man – Eph. 2 : 15). Either of the case, the restrainer is restraining the appearance of Antichrist. When this restrainer is removed from the world at rapture, the Antichrist will appear. At the rapture, the restrainer will be taken away from the world. In other words, when the church is translated from the world into heaven, the Antichrist will appear and the tribulation will begin all over the world.
B. The Judgement seat of Christ
The Greek word ‘Bema’ is translated as Judgement seat. (2 Cor. 5 : 10). The word “Bema” is taken from the ancient use in the Olympic games. An elevated seat called “Bema” was used. In that bema seat, the judge of the Olympic games sat. After the contests were over, the successful competitors would assemble before the bema seat to receive their rewards or crowns. Thus it was not a judicial bench where someone was condemned; but it was a reward seat. Likewise the Bema seat of Christ is a place where Jesus would give rewards or crowns to the church believers for their faithful lives and services.
The time of giving this reward is immediately after rapture in heaven (Rom. 14 : 10-12; 1 Cor. 3 : 13 ; 2 Cor. 5 : 10). In this bema, judgement, believers will get crowns for their lives and faithfulness (1 Cor. 4 : 2 ; 1 Pet. 4 : 10).
The Material to be tested for rewards : The works of the believers are the material to be tested (1 Cor. 3 : 10, 12, 13). The six materials mentioned here represent the types of work done by believers. The following works of believers will be tested in this judgement and rewarded by Christ.
How we treat other believers – 6 : 10 ; Mt. 10 : 41,42
How we exercise our responsibility over others – Heb. 13 : 17 ; Jam. 3 : 1
How we use our God-given talents – 2 Tim. 1 : 6 ; 1 Pet. 4 : 10
How we use our wealth – 1 Tim. 6 : 17-19 ; 2 Cor. 9 : 6, 7
How much we suffer for Christ – Mt. 5 : 11,12 ; 1 Pet. 4 : 12, 13
How we run the race of faith – 1 Cor. 9 : 24 ; Phil. 3 : 13,14 : Heb. 12 : 1
How we overcome our flesh – 1 Cor. 9 : 25-27
How we witness to others – Prov. 11 : 30 ; 1 Thes. 2 : 19,20
How we overcome our temptation – Jam. 1 : 2,3 ; Rev. 2 : 10
How the Pastors are faithful – 1 Pet. 5 : 2-4
How much we love Christ’s coming. 2 Tim. 4 : 8
All these works of believer will be tested and rewarded accordingly. Those who have done well will receive the rewards. There are five crowns which may be given according to their works.
The incorruptible crown – It is given to those who control their old sin nature and grow spiritually according to the spirit. 1 Cor. 9 : 25-27.
The crown of Rejoicing – It is given for soul winners. 1 Thes. 2 : 19,20
The crown of Life – It is given to those who successfully endure temptation. Jam. 1 : 12,13 ; Rev. 2 : 10
The crown of Righteousness – It is given to those who love His appearing – 2 Tim. 4 : 8
The crown of glory – It is given to the faithful Pastors – 1 Pet. 5 : 2-4
All those who are caught up in rapture will be reigning with Christ and shinning in glory. (2 Tim. 2 : 12 ; Dan. 12 : 3). On the other hand, the believers who are unfaithful in this call and life will suffer loss of rewards, although they are in heaven. 1 Cor. 3 : 15 ; 2 John. 8 ; Rev. 3 : 11 ; Col. 2 : 18
The Marriage of the Lamb
The marriage of the Lamb will follow probably after the distribution of rewards. Christ (The bridegroom – Luke 5 : 32-35) and the church (The bride – Eph. 5 : 22-32) will be formally united in this eternal spiritual direct fellowship. This union will take place in heaven.
THE TRIBULATION PERIOD
The tribulation on the earth will begin at once the rapture takes place. While the raptured church is in heaven, a time of tribulation, lasting for seven years will take place on earth. Since tribulation begins after the rapture of the church, the believers of Jesus will escape the tribulation.
There are many terms used for tribulation in the scriptures such as “the day of the Lord” (Isa. 2 : 12 ; 13 : 6,9 ; Ezek. 13 : 5 ; 30 : 3 ; Joel 1 : 15 ; 2 : 1,11,31 ; Amos 5 : 18,20 ; 1 Thes. 5 : 2); The day of God’s vengeance (Is. 34 : 8 ; 63 : 1-6); The time of Jacob’s troubles (Jer. 30 : 7); The seventieth week of Daniel (Dan. 9 : 24-27); The time of the end (Dan. 12 : 9); The great day of His wrath (Rev. 6 : 17); The hour of his judgement (Rev. 14 : 7); The end of this world (Matt. 13 : 40,49); The indignation (Is. 26 : 20; 34 : 2); the overspreading of abominations (Dan. 9 : 27); The time of trouble such as never was (Dan. 12 : 1); and Tribulation (Mt. 24 : 21,29).
Note : All unbelievers who do not believe Christ today of both the Jews and gentiles will enter into tribulation.
a) The Duration of Tribulation
The seventieth of week of Daniel prophecy is tribulation (Dan. 9 : 24). One prophetical week is equal to seven years. Hence, the total duration of tribulation is 7 years.
Seventieth week (Dan. 9 : 24) : The command to rebuild Jerusalem went in the year of Artaxerxes on 14th March 445 BC. (One week = 7 Years). There are four distinct periods of 70 weeks.
First Period : Seven weeks = 49 years. e. 445 BC – 396 BC. The building of the streets and walls of Jerusalem completed,
Second Period : Sixty two weeks = 434 years i.e. 396 BC – 32 AD. Messiah was crucified at the end of this period. A biblical year is 360 days per year (Gen. 7 : 11, 24 ; 8 : 3,4).
Therefore the total number of days in the first sixty nine weeks are 173, 880 (483 years). Counting from 14th March 445 BC, 173, 880 days will end on 6 April 32 AD. It was on this day that Jesus made His triumphal entry into the city of Jerusalem and proclaimed publically that He was Messiah. On the same day, the Pharisees plotted to murder Christ (Lk. 19 : 47)
Third Period : First half of 70th (3 ½ years). This also the first half of tribulation. At the beginning of this period, Antichrist will make a peace treaty (covenant) with Israel.
Fourth Period : Second half of Tribulation (3 ½ years). During this period, the Antichrist will break his peace treaty and will begin persecution as Israel. The sum of third and fourth period is 7 years which is the seventieth week of Daniel or Tribulation period.
Note : The sixty nine weeks (First and second periods) have been fulfilled already in the history of the world. However, the seventieth week will be fulfilled in future after the rapture of the New Testament church.
The Description of Tribulation period
The last book in the New Testament (Revelation) clearly describe How the tribultion will be. It will have three kinds of judgements; namely seal judgements; Trumpet Judgements and vials or bowls judgements.
i) Seal Judgements (Rev. 6) : When the first seal is opened Antichrist will appear. Then upto the sixth seal, people will suffer due to famine, hunger etc. When the seventh seal is opened, there will be a silence in heaven for half an hour (Rev. 8 : 1).
ii) Trumpet judgements (Rev. 8 : 6 – 9 : 13 and 11 : 15) : During these judgements, there will be many natural calamities which will bring much harm to people, plants, animals and fish.
iii) Vial Judgements : (Rev. 11 : 15 ; Rev. 15 : 7 ; 16 : 2 – 16 : 17) : These Judgements will be on earth towards the end of tribulation, probably the entire second half (3 ½ years) years of Tribulation.
C. The Antichrist and his activities during tribulation – Dan. 7 : 25 ; 11 : 36 ; Rev. 13
He has been given various titles and names in scripture. The man of sin, the man of perdition, (2 Thes. 2 : 3) The wicked one (2 Thes. 2 : 8), The willful King (Dan. 11 : 36); The Beast (Rev. 11 : 7); The little horn (Dan. 7 : 8).
He may probably come as a political leader who will make a peace treaty with Israel. He will control all nations. He will do many miracles and proclaim himself as God. Finally He will be destroyed by Jesus Christ at the battle of Armageddon, and will be the first one to be thrown into the lake of fire (Rev. 19 : 20).
Read : Dan. 9 : 27 ; 11 : 36,37 ; Ezek. 38,39 ; Ps. 2 ; 2 Thes. 2 : 4-11 ; Rev. 12 ; 13 : 5,16 ; 17 : 12, 16, 17 ; 19 : 1-20).
The False Prophet (Rev. 13 : 11 ; 16 : 13 ; 19 : 20)
The Devil, Antichrist and False prophet jointly form a duplicate trinity (Rev. 16 : 13). The false prophet will work under Antichrist, the political leader. The false prophet will be the religious leader during tribulation period and do many miracles by the help of devil. (Rev. 13 : 13). He will ask the people to workship the image of Antichrist (Rev. 13 : 14,15). He will cause people to get the mark of the beast. Finally the false prophet will be cast into the lake of fire along with the Antichrist (Rev. 19 : 20).
The 1,44,000 Jews : Rev. 7 : 1-8 ; 14 : 1-5
These are the redeemed Jews during the first half (3 ½ years) of Tribulation. They are from twelve tribes of Israel (Rev. 7 : 3). These 1,44,000 are sealed for special purpose, probably to proclaim the gospel of the Kingdom. (Mt. 24 : 14). They will be physically protected from the judgements during the tribulation. During Tribulation many will be saved from the Jews and from Gentiles. However, these 1,44,000 are the first fruits unto God (Rev. 14 : 4). In Revelation Chapter 7, they are in earth. In Revelation 14, they are transported to heaven.
F. The battle of Armageddon
‘Ar’ means mountain. ‘Megiddo’ was a city of Israel about 70 miles north of Jerusalem. These two names are combined and called Armageddon, where will be the battle between Antichrist and armies of the world. The battle field will stretch from Megiddo on the north (Zech. 12 : 11 ; Rev. 16 : 16) to Edom on the South (Is. 34 : 5,6 ; 63 : 1) appromimately 200 miles. It will reach from Mediterranean sea on the west to the hills of Moab on the east about 100 miles. It will include the valley of Jehoshaphat (Joel 3 : 2,12) and the plains of Esdraelon.
After getting supremacy and control over Palestine, the Antichrist will proceed to conquer the whole world. As the river Euphrates dries out at the 6th bowl judgement, the oriental nations can come to the west easily. These oriental nations will come around Israel to battle in the battle field of Armeggedon (Joel 3 : 2 ; Zech. 14 : 2,3 ; Rev. 16 : 16). The city of Jerusalem will be at Center (Zech. 14 : 1,2). Israel will be surrounded by the armies of Antichrist and nations and attacked by them.
At the climax hour of battle, Israel will call for God’s help and it will look for the Messiah. At this juncture, Jesus Christ will come and fight against antichrist to protect and save Israel. This will result in a great battle. Finally, Antichrist will be defeated by Christ and cast into the lake of fire with false prophet.
Read : Ps. 2 : 1-5, 9 ; Is. 63 : 1-6 ; Joel 3 : 1-16 ; Rev. 14 : 14-20 ; 19 : 11-21)
The Revelation of Jesus Christ
Jesus will come visibly. Hence this coming is called Revelation of Christ or visible coming of Christ.
Time of Christ’s visible coming : When antichrist and armies of the world have been gathered together (Rev. 16 : 13-16) for the final assault upon Jerusalem (Zech. 14 : 1-3) and for the battle of Armageddon (Rev. 16 : 16 ; 19 : 17-21), Jesus Christ and the armies of heaven will suddenly appear (Rev. 19 : 11-16) and “His feet shall stand in that day upon the mount of Olives” (Zech. 14 : 4). Jesus Christ will defeat antichrist and false prophet (2 Thes. 1 : 7-10) and will send them to the lake of fire immediately (Rev. 19 : 20). The armies that have gone forth against Jerusalem will be Smitten with terrible plague (Zech. 14 : 12) so that their flesh shall be left to the fowls of the air (Rev. 19 : 17, 18, 21).
Events after the defeat of Antichrist : Antichrist will be cast into the lake of fire immediately after his defeat. Then the following events will happen in the world.
Resurrection of Old Testament and Tribulation Saints : This will happen at the end of Tribulation (Rev. 20 : 4-6). All the Old Testament Saints and Tribulation saints will have resurrection and probably get their reward.
Note : Although Resurrection happens in different times, the term first resurrection refers to the resurrection of believers from the time of Adam to the end of Tribulation. Hence the first resurrection includes, the resurrection of Jesus Christ, the resurrection church believers at rapture, and the resurrection of Old Testaments Saints and tribulation Saints after tribulation period. The resurrection of all unbelievers is called the second resurrection for condemnation (Dan. 12 : 2). The Second resurrection (of unbelievers) will happen after millennium.
Salvation of all Israel : There will be a great revival among the Jews at the coming of the Lord (Zech. 12 : 10 ; Ezek. 36 : 24-31 ; Is. 25 : 9). Due to this revival, all Israel will be saved as Paul declared (Rom. 11 : 26). This is a specific reference to all the living Israel who will be saved and who will enter into the Millennial Kingdom.
Judgement of Israel : All the people will be judged based on their deeds. This judgement determines as to who shall enter the land for kingdom blessing. Those Jews who lived according to the law by faith and to the gospel of kingdom will enter into the blessing of kingdom (Ps. 50 : 1-7 ; Ezk. 20 : 30-38).
Judgement of the living Nations or Gentiles : This judgement upon living nations at the revelation (coming) of Christ is based upon How they treat the Jews during tribulation (Mt. 25 : 31-46). If they treat them well, they will receive reward for their kindness.
Binding of Satan : Before the beginning of the Millennial kingdom, Jesus Christ will bind Satan in the bottomless pit for one thousand years (Rev. 20 : 1-3).
Establishment of the Millennial Kingdom : After the binding of Satan, the Millennial rule of Christ will begin. However Daniel 12 : 11-12 gives a clue that there will be 75 days between the end of tribulation and establishment of the kingdom. During this gap of 75 days, several things such as organization of kingdom, appointments of co-rulers, resurrection of Old Testament Saints, binding of Satan, and other necessary preparations will take place.
Note : Marriage supper of the Lamb may take place before the inauguration of Millennium
THE MILLENNIAL KINGDOM
The Millennium means one thousand years. Hence the millennial kingdom refers to the one thousand years of reigning of Jesus Christ (Rev. 20 : 4-6). The scripture has attributed various other titles to refer millennium, such as the dispensation of the fullness of time (Eph. 1 : 10), the time of the restitution of all things (Acts. 3 : 21), Times of Refreshing (Act. 3 : 19), The regeneration (Mt. 19 : 28), The day of Christ (1 Cor. 1 : 8 ; 5 : 5 ; 2 Cor. 1 : 14), The Kingdom of Christ (Rev. 11 : 15), The Kingdom of heaven (Mt. 5 : 10), The Kingdom of God (Mk. 1 : 14), the Last Day (Jn. 6 : 40).
System of Government during Millinnium : The Lord Jesus Christ will personally and visibly reign over the throne of David as King of Kings (Rev. 19 : 15 ; Dan. 7 : 14). His Kingdom is a theocratic Kingdom for which Jerusalem will be the capital (Zech. 14 : 10 ; Is. 24 : 23-24).
The Rulers in Millennial Kingdom : Jesus Christ will be the King (Jer. 30 : 9 ; Ezk. 37 : 24-25). Twelve apostles will have authority over twelve tribes (Matt. 19 : 28). Faithful men of Old Testament period will have a share in the reign (Lk. 19 : 11-27). The church believers will reign with Him (Rev. 5 : 10).
The subjects (citizens) of the Government : At the end of Tribulation all unbelievers will be killed; only the believing Jews and Gentiles will be spared. The believing Jews and Gentiles who enter in the kingdom with their physical bodies will be the subjects of kingdom. The children who will be born to them who enter in Kingdom will also be the subjects of this kingdom. The resurrected saints with glorified bodies also will be subjects.
Note : The children who will be born during the millennium will have to be saved.
The character of millennium : During the millennium period, all the promises given in the Bible will be literally fulfilled. The following are some of the special characteristics of millennium – peace all over the world (Is. 2 : 4 ; 11 : 6-9). Fullness of joy (Is. 35 : 10); Righteousness shall prevail (Is. 11 : 4,5); Sickness and disease will be banished (Is. 33 : 24 ; 35 : 5,6); full knowledge will be manifested (Is. 11 : 9 ; Heb. 2 : 14 ; Is. 2 : 2,3); There will be unified language (Zech. 3 : 9); Material prosperity (Is. 35 : 1 ; 40 : 4); Population explosion (Jer. 30 : 19 ; Is. 65 : 20); Unified worship (Is. 45 : 23 ; Zech. 8 : 23); The fullness of the Holy Spirit (Is. 32 : 13-15 ; Joel 2 : 28).
THE JUDGEMENT OF SATAN AND FALLEN ANGELS
The satan who was bound at the inauguration of millennium will be loosed again for a season, at the end of millennium. Immediately, He will instigate all the unsaved people who would be born at millennium, Gog and Magog (Rev. 20 : 8) to fight against Christ, the King of Kings. Fire will come down and devour them. Satan and all his evil angels will be judged in this time of judgement. (Rev. 20 : 7-10). All evil angels and satan will be cast into hell. This is the final judgement on him.
Note : The believers will be associated with the Lord in judging (1 Cor. 6 : 3).
THE JUDGEMENT OF THE UNSAVED DEAD
The unbelievers of all dispensation will be raised here and will be judged. Unbelievers from Cain to the unbeliever who dies at the last moment of millennium will face judgement here. This judgement is only for unbelievers. This is also called white throne judgement (Rev. 20 : 11-15). Jesus Christ is the judge (Jn. 5 : 22, 27). They will be sent to hell (Lake of fire) (Rev. 20 : 15).
THE DESTRUCTION OF THIS PRESENT WORLD
The present world, created in Genesis (1 : 1-2) will be destroyed as it has been mentioned in prophecies (Mt. 24 : 35 ; Heb. 1 : 10-12 ; 2 Pet. 3 : 10,11).
THE NEW CREATION
After the destruction of this present world, the New Earth and Heaven will be created. There will be no sin or death in this newly created universe. (Is. 65 : 17 ; 66 : 22 ; 2 Pet. 3 : 13 ; Rev. 21 : 1).
The benefits of learning this doctrine
The doctrine of last things is one of the most blessed doctrine. Because it gives an eternal hope for believers. Moreover we understand that
Christ will come and take us to heven (Jn. 14 : 2-3).
We will go to heaven when Christ comes before tribulation (1 Thes. 4 : 13-18 ; 1 Cor. 15 : 51-52 ; Rev. 3 : 10).
It gives great comfort that believers will go to heaven before tribulation begins. (1 Thes. 4 : 18)
Assignment
Soteriology
What is the specific idea of salvation?
What are the nine aspects that Christ’s death accomplished for Salvation?
What is justification?
How does a believer get the assurance of salvation?
What are the attitude of the saved people?
Ecclesiology
Why is the church important?
When did the New Testament church begin?
What is the difference between the universal church and local church?
What is the relationship of a church to the society?
What is the destiny of the church?
Eschatology
Explain the rapture of the church?
What is the judgement seat of Christ?
What are the terms used in scripture for tribulation?
Who will enter into tribulation?
What is the white throne judgements?