gQ;rhfkk; mwpKfk; (Ie;E}y; mwpKfk;)

“ngz;lLf;” (Pentateuch) vDk; fpNuf;f thh;j;ijf;F “Ie;J gphpTfs;” vd;gJ nghUs;.  vdpDk; Ntjhfkf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ,t;thh;j;ij Ntjhfkj;jpd; Kjy; Ie;J Gj;jfq;fisAk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.  fpNuf;f nkhop NgRk; a+jh;fs; “`pngz;lhLf;Nfh];; gpg;Nyh];” vDk; fpNuf;f gjj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp vgpNua nkhopapy; “Njhuh” vd;wiof;fg;gLk; NkhNrapd; rl;lkhfpa Ntjhfkj;jpd; Kjy; Ie;J Gj;jfq;fisAk; mioj;jdh;.  ,e;j Kjy; Ie;J Gj;jfq;fisAk; jkpopy; ehk; “gQ;rhfkq;fs;”; my;yJ Ie;E}y; vd jiyg;G nfhLj;J $WfpNwhk;.

                   vgpNua ghuk;ghpaj;jpy; ,g;Gj;jfj;jpd; jiyg;G ,jd; Kjy; thh;j;ijapypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  “MjpapNy” vDk; nghUs; nfhz;l “ngNu\pj;” vDk; thh;j;ij vgpNua Ntjhfkj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.  vdpDk; ,g;Gj;jfk; vy;yhtw;wpw;fhd Muk;gj;ijf; Fwpj;j tuyhw;wpidf; nfhz;bUg;gjhy; ‘Muk;gk;’ vDk; nghUs; nfhz;l ‘n[dP]p];’ vd;w thh;j;ijapdhy; fpNuf;f nrg;Ltn[d;l; Ntjhfkj;jpy; (vgpNua Ntjhfkj;jpd; fpNuf;f nkhopngah;g;G) Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.  Mq;fpy Ntjhfkj;jpYk; ,Nj jiyg;G (Genesis) gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jidj; jkpopy; Mjpahfkk; vdTk; nghJ nkhopngah;g;gpy; “njhlf;f E}y;” vdTk; jiyg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

                   ,e;j Kjy; Ie;J Gj;jfq;fSk; ngz;lLf; (Ie;E}y; / gQ;rhfkk;) vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wd.  a+jh;fs; ,jid ‘Njhuh’ vd;wioj;jdh;.  NkYk; mth;fs; ,jw;F mjpf khpahijAk; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; mspj;jdh;.  ,g;Gj;jfq;fs; %yk; Njtd; mth;fsplk; (Ntj trdj;ijf; nfhz;L) Ngrpdhh; vd a+jh;fs; ek;gpdh;.

gQ;rhfkj;jpd; Mrphpah;

                   ‘gQ;rhfkk;’ (Ie;E}y;) vd;wiof;fg;gLk; ,e;j Kjy; Ie;J Gj;jfq;fisAk; vOj Njtd; NkhNriag; gad;gLj;jpdhh; vd a+jh;fs; cWjpahf ek;gpdh;.  ,NaR fpwp];JTk;> NkhNrjhd; ,itfis vOjpdhh; vd mq;fPfhpj;Js;shh;.  Mjpfhy rigAk; ,jid ek;gpaJ.  19-k; E}w;whz;L tiuapYk; xUtUk; NkhNrapd; vOj;Jhpikiaf; Fwpj;J Nfs;tp vOg;gtpy;iy.  ,Ug;gpDk;> 19-k; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; Ntjhfkj;ij tpkh;rpf;Fk; rpyh; NkhNrapd; vOj;Jhpik kw;Wk; Gj;jfk; vOjg;gl;l fhyk; Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpj;J Nfs;tp vOg;gpdh;.  ,th;fs; Mjhuk; vJTk; ,y;yhky;> ,g;Gj;jfk; gy Mrphpah;fshy; vOjg;gl;bUf;fyhk;> mth;fSs; NkhNr gpugykhdth; vd;W tpthjpj;jdh;.  NkYk; ,th;fs; JEDP – vDk; xU nfhs;ifiaf; nfhz;L te;jdh;.  mitfspd;gb ,e;j Ie;J Gj;jfq;fs; J,E,D kw;Wk; P vDk; ehd;F gj;jpuq;fis (%yq;fs;) njhFj;J vOjg;gl;bUf;fyhk; vd;W fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.  ,e;j ehd;F Mq;fpy vOj;Jf;fSk; gpd;tUk; ehd;F gj;jpuq;fisAk; Fwp;g;gpLfpd;wJ.

          J or Y              –        naNfhth ngaUs;s gj;jpuk; (Jehovah’s Document)

          E                 –        VNyhfpk; ngaUs;s gj;jpuk; (Elohim Document)

          D                 –        cghfk gj;jpuk; (Deutronomical Document)

          P                 –        Mrhhpa gzp rhh;e;j gj;jpuk; (Priestly Document)

                        ,J RUf;fkhf JEDP- nfhs;if vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.

J – gj;jpuk;

                   gQ;rhfkj;jpy; naNfhth (Yahoweh) vDk; ngah; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s gFjpfs; ,e;jg; gj;jpuj;jpd; fPo; fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ.  ,f;nfhs;ifg;gb J- gj;jpukhdJ fp.K. 10 my;yJ fp.K. 9-k; E}w;whz;Lfspy; njhFf;fg;gl;lJ vd fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.  ,jd;gb NaNfhth vd;Dk; ngah; NjtDf;F vq;nfy;yhk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjh> me;j trd gFjpfis xUth; vOjpdhh; vd tpkh;rfh;fs; $wpdh;.  ,jid J gj;jpuk; vd;wdh;.

E – gj;jpuk;

                gQ;rhfkj;jpy; VNyhfpk; (Elohim) vDk; ngah; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s gFjpfs; ,e;jg; gj;jpuj;jpd; fPo; fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ.  ,g;gj;jpuk; fp.K. 9 kw;Wk; fp.K. 8-k; E}w;whz;Lfspy; njhFf;fg;gl;lJ vd fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.  ,jd;gb VNyhfpk; vd;Dk; ngah; Njtidf; Fwpg;gpLk; gFjpfs; NtW xUtuhy;; vOjg;gl;lJ vdf; fUjpdh;.  ,jid E-gj;jpuk; vd;wdh;.

D – gj;jpuk;

                   cghfkj;jpy; (Deuteronomy) mbg;gilapy; mike;j Nghjidfs; ,e;jg; gj;jpuj;jpd;fPo; fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ.  ,jdhy; ,J D-gj;jpuk; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.  J, kw;Wk; E gj;jpuq;fis vOjhj NtW xUth; my;yJ xU FOtpdh; ,ij vOjpapUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd tpkh;rfh;fs; fUjpdh;.  ,e;jr; rl;lq;fs; mlq;fpa gFjpia D-gj;jpuk; vdg; ngahpl;ldh;.

P – gj;jpuk;

                   a+j Muhjid KiwfisAk;> Mrhhpag; gzpfisAk; Nytpah; flikfisAk; Fwpj;jjhd gFjpfs; ,e;jg; gj;jpuj;jpd; fPo; fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ.  ,e;jg; gj;jpukhdJ> rpiwapUg;gpw;Fg;gpd; (ghgpNyhdpa rpiwapUg;gpw;Fg;gpd;) njhFf;fg;gl;ljhff; fUjpdh;.

                   tpkh;rdf;fhuh;fs;> ,f;nfhs;iff;fhf vj;jid tpthjpj;jhYk; ,f;nfhs;iff;F vt;tpj cWjpahd Mjhuq;fSk; ,y;iy.  rhpj;jpu MjhuKk; ,y;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.  vdNt> NkhNriaj; jtpu gpwh; vOjpdh; vd;Dk; tpkh;rdf;fhuh;fspd; Nfhl;ghL xU Mjhukw;w Nfhl;ghlhFk;.  Mh;j;jkw;w tpkh;rdKk; MfpwJ.

JEDP – nfhs;;if njhlh;ghd rpy rpf;fy;fs;

1. vt;tpj Ntj Mjhuq;fNsh> rhpj;jpu Mjhuq;fNsh> njhy;ypay; Mjhuq;fNsh> ,f;nfhs;iff;F ,y;iy. ,J xU Mjhukpy;yh tpthj fUj;J kl;LNk.

2. tpkh;rdf;fhuh;fs; ,f;nfhs;ifia ek;Gtjpy; jq;fSf;fpilNa fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,f;nfhs;iff;fhf epw;Fk; xUtuJ fz;Nzhl;lk; mNj nfhs;iff;fhf epw;Fk; NtnwhUthpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;ijf; Fiwthf kjpg;gpLtjhAs;sJ.  my;yJ gpw tpkh;rdf;fhuhpd; fUj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shJ.  mth;fSf;FsN;s xw;Wik ,y;iy.  (cjhuzkhf> rpyh; JEP – vd;gij xj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.  mNj Ntisapy; ‘D’ gj;jpuj;ij epuhfhpf;fpd;wdh;.)

3. Ntjhfkj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ,];uNtyhpd; tuyhW ahTk; rhpahditNa vd njhy;nghUs; Muha;r;rp fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; ep&gpj;Js;sd. Mdhy; tpkh;rdf;fhuh;fshy; mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; vd Gide;J jahh; nra;ag;gl;l tuyhW rhpahdjy;y@ Fwpg;ghf nty;`hrd; vd;gthpd; tuyhw;W njhFg;G jtwhdJ.  (gf;fk; 9> Njhuh (Ie;E}y;) – jkpo; Ntjhfk mwpKfk; – gFjp – I> jpahF> jpahd M];ukk;> nrd;id> 2002).

NkhNrapd; vOj;Jhpikf;fhd (vOj;jhsh; vd;gjw;fhd) Mjhuq;fs;

1. ghh;Nthdpd; muz;kidapy; NkhNrf;Ff; fpilj;j fy;tp gbf;fTk; vOjTk; mtUf;F cjtpahapUe;jpUf;fyhk; (ahj;. 24 : 4 @ cgh. 31 : 9). MfNt> Njtd; jdJ ntspg;gLj;jy;fis vOj NkhNriag; gad;gLj;jpdhh; (ahj;. 33 : 11 @ cgh. 34 : 10).

2. NkhNr vfpg;J kw;Wk; fhdhd; Nghd;w ,lq;fisf; Fwpj;J Nghjpa msTf;F mwpe;jpUe;jhd;. MfNt> goq;fhy vfpg;J kw;Wk; fhdhidf; Fwpj;j rhpahd Gtpapay; jfty;fis mtdhy; gQ;rhfkg; Gj;jfq;fspy; ju Kbe;jJ. (mg;. 7 : 22).

3. gQ;rhfkj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s rpytifg; gwitfs; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffs; vfpg;J kw;Wk; mg;gFjp tdhe;jpuj;jpy; kl;LNk fhzg;gl;ld. vdNt> ,jd; Mrphpah; vfpg;J Njrj;NjhL neUq;fpa mDgtk; nfhz;ltuhthh; vd;gJ GydhfpwJ.  mt;thW neUq;fpa njhlh;G nfhz;lth; ehk; mwpe;jpUf;fpwgb NkhNr kl;LNk.

4. tpkh;rdf;fhuh;fshy; NkhNrapd; vOj;Jhpikia kWj;J cWjpahd rhd;WfSld; Ngr ,aytpy;iy.

5. a+jh;fs; NkhNrapd; vOj;Jhpikia kpf cWjpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;.

6. ,NaR fpwp];JTk;> mtuJ mg;Ngh];jyh;fSk; NkhNrapd; vOj;Jhpikia mq;fPfhpj;Js;sdh; (Nahthd; 5 : 46).

7. ,e;E}ypd; cz;ikahd Mrphpah; vfpg;J Njrj;J top te;jth; vd;gij ,jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s gy vfpg;jpa thh;;j;ijfs; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wd. ,t;Tz;ikAk; NkhNrapd; vOj;Jhpikf;F MjhukhAs;sJ.  NkhNr vfpg;J muz;kidapy; fw;wgbahy; vfpg;jpa nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jpapUf;fyhk;.

8. vUrNyk; vd;Dk; ngaUf;Fg; gjpyhf ‘rhNyk;’ vd;Dk; ngah; gQ;rhfk E}y;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. (Mjp. 14 : 18). ,J gQ;rhfkk; (Ie;E}y;) jhtPjpd; ehl;fSf;Fk; gy tUlq;fSf;Fk; Kd;gjhf vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ vdf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

Mrphpaiuf; Fwpj;jjhd KbT

                   tpkh;rdf;fhuh;fs; “NkhNr vOjtpy;iy” vdf;fUJk; jq;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis Nghjpa Mjhuq;fNshL ep&gpf;f  ,ayhkypUg;gjhy; gQ;rhfkj;jpd; Mrphpah; ‘NkhNr’ vd;gij vt;tpj kWg;Gkpd;wp ehk; cWjp nra;ayhk;.

Mjpahfkj;jpd; RUf;fk;

1. gilg;gpd; Njtd; (1 : 1 – 2)

2. gilg;gpd; ehl;fs; ( 1 : 3 – 2 : 3)

III.      kdpjdpd; gilg;G (2 : 4 – 25)

1. kDf;Fyj;jpd; tPo;r;rp (3 : 1 – 24)

2. kDf;Fyj;jpd; tsh;r;rp (4 : 1 – 5 : 32)

3. Njtdpd; epahaj;jPh;g;G (6 : 1 – 7 : 24)

VII.    kDf;Fyj;jpd; kPJ Njtdpd; g+uzkhd fhprid (8 : 1-19)

VIII.   Njtdpd; g+uzkhd cld;gbf;if (8 : 20 – 9 : 29)

IX      Njrq;fspd; tiuaWg;G (10 : 1 – 11 : 32)

1. Mgpufhkpd; miog;G kw;Wk; tho;f;if (12 : 1 – 23 : 20)

2. <rhf;fpd; tho;f;if (24 : 1 – 26 : 35)

XII.    ahf;Nfhgpd; tho;f;if (27 : 1 – 35 : 29)

XIII.   Vrhtpd; tho;f;if (36 : 1 – 43)

XIV.   NahNrg;gpd; tho;f;if (37 : 1 – 50 : 26)         

Mjpahfkk; tpsf;ff; Fwpg;Gfs;

1. gilg;gpd; Njtd; ( 1 : 1 – 2)

                   “MjpapNy” – ,e;j thh;j;ijapy; ftdpf;f Ntz;ba Ie;J Kf;fpa rpe;jidfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

1. i) ,J ,t;Tyfpd; Muk;gj;ijf; Fwpj;j tuyhw;iwj; jUfpd;wJ – Kjy; rpU\;bg;gpd; nray;.

1. ii) ,J cz;ikahd fhyk; / ehs; MFk;. fl;Lf;fijay;y@ khwhf cz;ik rk;gtk;.

iii)     fhzg;gLgitfs; ahTk; epue;jukha; ,Ue;jitfs; my;y.  Mdhy; rpU\;bf;fg;gl;litfs;.

1. iv) rpU\;bg;igf; Fwpj;j cz;ik Njtdhy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

1. v) tpRthrNk rpU\;bg;igg; Ghptjw;fhd rhpahd Kiw.

                   ‘Njtd’; vDk; thh;j;ij ‘VNyhfpk;’ vd;W %y ghi\ahfpa vgpNua ghi\apy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.  ,e;j thh;j;ij Njtdpd; rj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ty;yikiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.  ,J xU gd;ikg; ngah;nrhy;.  Mdhy; xUik tpidr; nrhy;iyf; nfhLf;fpwJ.  ,J jphpj;Jtj;ijg xUikg;gLj;jpf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.  nja;tPf gz;Gfs; epiwe;j %d;W Ms;jd;ik nfhz;l xNu Njtd;.  ,e;j Njtdpd; gd;ikj; jd;ik kw;Wk; xw;WikahdJ Mjp. 1 : 26> 27-y; rpj;jhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  Njtdpd; %d;W Ms; jj;Jtq;fSk; rpU\;bg;gpy; <Lgl;bUf;fpd;wdh;.  gpjh rpU\;bg;igj; jpl;lkpl;lhh; (1 nfhhp. 8 : 6)@ Fkhud; cz;lhf;fpdhh; (Nah. 1 : 1 – 3 @ nfhNyh. 1 : 16) kw;Wk; Mtpahdth; rpU\;bg;ig xOq;FgLj;jpdhh; (Mjp. 1 : 2 @ NahG 26 : 13 @ rq;. 104 : 30).

                    “rpU\;bg;G” vd;gjd; vgpNua thh;j;ij “ghuh” (Bara).  ,J xd;Wkpy;yhikapypUe;J (Ex-nihilo) xU nghUs; cz;lhf;fg;gLtijf; $w ga;d;gLj;jg;gLk; thh;j;ijahFk;.  NkYk;> kdpjDila nraiyf; Fwpg;gplg; gad;gLj;jg;glhky; Njtdpd; nraiyf; Fwpf;fNt ,J gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. (1 : 1> 21> 27 @ 2 : 4).

                   cUthf;Fjy; vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpl NtNw %d;W thh;j;ijfSk; Mjpahfkk; 1 > 2 – mjpfhuq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

          “thdKk; g+kpAk;” – Kjy; ehspd; Kjy; rpy tpdhbfspy; g+kp rpU\;bf;fg;gl;lJ.  jhtuq;fs;> tpyq;fpdq;fs; kw;Wk; kdpjd; tho;tjw;F mtrpakhd jhJf;fshy; g+kp rpU\;bf;fg;gl;lJ.  jhJf;fisg; gilj;jgpd; Njtd; g+kpapy; caphpdq;fisg; gilj;jhh;.  “thdk;” vd;gJ vgpNua gjj;jpy; fhzg;gLtJ Nghy “thdq;fs;” vd nkhop ngah;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.  Vnddpy; thdj;jpy; %d;W Kf;fpa gFjpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.  mitfs; gpd;tUkhW:

1. i) thA kz;lykhd thdk; (gpuhz thA fhzg;gLk; ,lk;)

2. ii) Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk; el;rj;jpuq;fs; fhzg;gLk; thdk; (mz;lk;)

iii)     Njtd; thrk; gz;Zk; ,lkhd thdk; (Njtdpd; rpq;fhrdk;)

1. gilg;gpd; ehl;fs; ( 1 : 3 – 2 : 3)

1 : 3 – “ntspr;rk; cz;lhff;fltJ” – ,J gilf;fg;gl;l ntspr;rk;.  ,J g+kpf;Fk; ntspNa gfy; / ,uT Row;rpia Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; epakpf;fg;gl;l ntsp;r;rk;.  ,J #hpad; my;y@ Vnddpy; ehd;fhk; ehs; tiuapYk; #hpad; cz;lhf;fg;gltpy;iy.  “1 : 5” rhaq;fhyKk; tpbaw;fhyKkhfp Kjy; ehs; Mapw;W”.  ,e;j thh;j;ij njspthf 24 – kzp Neuj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;L fhl;Lfpd;wJ.  rpyh; fUJtJ Nghy; ehs; vd;gJ Mjpahfkj;jpy; xU ePz;lfhy ,ilntsp vd $w ,ayhJ.  Vnddpy; Mjpahfkj;jpy; ehs; vd;gJ “xU ehis”f; Fwpg;gpLk; nrhy;yhFk;.

“ehl;fs;” vd;gJ 24-kzp Neuj;ijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ vd;gjw;fhd tpthjq;fs;

1. ehl;fisf; Fwpg;gpl vz;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. (Kjyhk; ehs; – ,uz;lhk; ehs; – %d;whk; ehs;)

2. rhaq;fhyk; kw;Wk; tpbaw;fhyk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J 24 kzp Neuj;ijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

3. gilg;gpd; thuk;. kdpjdpd; Ntiy nra;Ak; thuj;jpw;Fk;> Njtdpd; Xa;T ehs; kdpjdpd; Xa;T ehSf;Fk; cjhuzkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

4. Ntj tpahf;fpahd tpjpg;gb NtNw tpjkhd #o;epiyfs;> gpd;dzpaj;jhy; Fwpg;gpl;l NtW VNjDk; nghUSf;F rhj;jpak; ,y;yhj epiyapy; ve;j Ntjhfk thh;j;ijAk; mjd; ,ay;ghd nghUisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ vd;Nw fUj Ntz;Lk;. vdNt ehs; vd;gJ “xU ehs;” vd;gijNa Fwpf;Fk;.

5. xU ehs; vd;gJ xU Afk; vdf; fzf;fpLtJ gilg;gpd; ehl;fSf;F rhj;jpakpy;yhjJ. mg;gbnadpy; Mjhk;> Vths; ,UtUk;; gilf;fg;gl;lgpd;G xU Afk; KOtJk; ,utpy; J}q;fpdh; vd jtwhff;fUj toptFf;Fk;.  vdNt> xU ehis – xU Afk; vdf; fzf;fpLk; Kiw jtwhFk;.

6. gUt fhyq;fisAk;> tU\j;ijAk; Fwpg;gpl;l ehl;fs; gad;gLk; vd Mjp. 1 : 14-k; trdk; $WfpwJ. vdNt> gilg;gpd; xU ehs; vd;gJ 24 kzp Neuj;ijf; Fwpf;ftpy;iy vdf;fUjpdhy;;> gUtfhyk; kw;Wk; tU\k; vd;Dk; ,U gjq;fSk; nghUsw;witahf khwptpLk;.

7. rh;t ty;ytuhd NjtDf;F ,itfisg; gilf;f 24-f;Fk; mjpfkhd kzp Neuq;fs; mtrpak; ,y;iy.

Fwpg;G : ehs; – Afk; nfhs;if gfy; ,uT Row;rpf;F cfe;jjy;y@ Vnddpy; E}w;whz;L fhy ePz;l ,uT fhzg;gl;lhy; jhtuq;fs; mope;J tpLk;.  jhtuq;fs; njhlh;e;J gy tUl ePz;l ,Uspy; tho KbahJ.  jhtuq;fs; 24 kzp Neu ,uT gfy; Row;rpapy; jhd; ed;whf tho KbAk;.  vdNt> eilKiwapy; ghh;f;Fk; NghJk;> “ehs; – Afk;” nfhs;if (Day – Age Theory) rhj;jpakhdjy;y.

1 : 21 : “jq;fs; jq;fs; [hjpapd;gbNa”

          ,e;j nrhw;nwhlhpd;gb kr;rq;fs; mNj Nghd;w kr;rq;fisNa Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd.  ,e;j cz;ikiag; Ghpe;J nfhs;s ehd;F Kf;fpa Fwpg;Gfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

1. i) “[hjp” (tif) vd;gJ xt;nthU ,dKk; jq;fspilNa ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; cWg;Gfisf; nfhz;lJ vd;gijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

1. ii) “[hjp vd;gJ ek;gfkhd> cWjpahd re;jjpia cUthf;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;lJ vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

iii)     [hjp gy ufq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ (cjh. gytif eha;fs;> ahidfs;)

1. iv) xt;nthU ,dKk; NtNw Gjpa ,dj;ij cUthf;Fk; FWf;F ,dg;ngUf;f Kiw nfhz;ljy;y@ ,jdhy; rpy ,dq;fs; mope;J NghAs;sJ. rpy Nkhrkhd epiyf;F js;sg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

1 : 27 – “Njtd; kdpjidj; jdJ rhayhfg; gilj;jhh; – kdpjd; Njtdpd; nghJthd Fzq;fSld; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;shd;.  mjhtJ mwpT (nfhNyh. 3 : 10)> ePjp kw;Wk; nka;ahd ghpRj;jk; (vNg. 4 : 24).  Njtd; kdpjid Ml;jd;ik> mjhtJ mwpT (Intelligent)> czh;r;rp (Emotion) kw;Wk; rpj;jk; (will) Nghd;w jd;ikfSld; gilj;Js;shh;.  ,itfs; NjtDila Fzq;fs;. NjtDila rhaypy; gilf;fg;gl;l kdpjDk; ,itfisj; jd;dpy; nfhz;Ls;shd;. vdNt> rhay; vd;gJ clyikg;ig Neubahff; $Wk; nrhy; my;y.  khwhf kdpjdpd; cs;shd gz;Gfisf; $Wk; xU nrhy;yhFk;. 

1 : 31 – “mJ kpfTk; ed;whapUe;jJ” – thdj;jpYk;> g+kpapYk; vy;yh epiyapYk; NjtDila rpU\;bg;G g+uzkhdjhf ,Ue;jJ vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk;..

Fwpg;G :  ,Jtiuf;Fk; xspapd; J}jd; tpotpy;iy vd;gijAk; tpahjp> kuzk; Nghd;wit g+kpapy; ,d;Dk; Nehpltpy;iy vd;gijAk; ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

2 : 2 – Njtd; jdJ fphpiafis Kbj;jhh; – mjhtJ Njtd; rfyj;ijAk; rpU\;bf;Fk; nraiy Kbj;jhh; vd;gij ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ.  Mdhy; ghJfhj;jy;> topelj;Jjy; kw;Wk; MSif nra;jy; Nghd;w Njtdpd; nray;fs; ,d;Dk; njhlh;fpd;wd.

“Vohk; ehspNy Xa;e;jpUe;jhh;” – ,J Njtdpd; fisg;igNah> Nrhh;itNah Fwpf;ftpy;iy.  Mdhy; Njtd; g+kpia rpU\;bf;Fk; nraYf;F Kw;W itj;jhh; vd;gijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.  NkYk;> kdpjd; VO ehl;fSf;F xUKiw Xa;ntLf;f Ntz;Lk; vDk; xOq;iff; fhl;Lk; xU ey;y cjhuzkhfTk; ,J ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

III.     kdpjdpd; gilg;G (Mjp. 2 : 4 – 25)

2 : 4 – “fh;j;jh;” – vgpNua ghi\apy; ‘ahNt’ (naNfhth) vd ,g;ngah; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.  ,J Njtd; kdpjdplj;jpy; fhl;Lk; fpUig mjhtJ mtuJ cld;gbf;if> ,ul;rpg;G> fhprid> md;G Nghd;wtw;iwf; fhl;LtjhAs;sJ.  NkYk;> ,g;ngah; mthpd; ty;yik> mwpT> kw;Wk; jhd; tpUk;Gk; vijAk; epiwNtw;Wk; rpj;jk; Nghd;wit nfhz;l mtuJ jd;dpiwT ngw;w Fzhjpraq;fisAk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

2 : 7 – “kD\idg; g+kpapd; kz;zpdhNy cUthf;fp” – Fatd; kz;iz tidtJ Nghy; Njtd; kdpjid (Yatzar) cUthf;fpdhh;. ‘kz;’ vd;gJ g+kpapd; kPJs;s kz; Jfs;fis (J}s;) Fwpf;ftpy;iy@ khwhf jz;zPh; tpl;L ed;F gjkhf;fg;gl;l fspkz; (kz;fsp) MFk;. 

“[Pt Rthrj;ij mtd; ehrpapNy Cjpdhh;” – [Pt Rthrk; vd;gJ gpw caphpfsplj;jpy; fhzg;glhky; kdpjdplj;jpy; kl;LNk fhzg;gLk; rpwg;ghd xd;whFk;.  fly;> fhw;W kw;Wk; epyj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; rfy caphpdq;fSf;Fk; kdpjidg; Nghy [Ptd; cz;L.  Mdhy; kdpjd; kl;LNk Njt rhaypy; rpU\;bf;fg;gl;L [Pt Rthrk; cilatdhapUf;fpd;whd;.

2 : 8 – “VNjd;” – mNefkhf a+g;gpul;b]; kw;Wk; ilfphp]; ejpfs; ,izAk; gFjpf;F mUfpy; ,J ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.  kw;w ,U ejpfSk; mNefkhf [yg;gpusaj;jpw;F Kd; ,Nj gFjpapy; ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;.  VNjd; vd;gjw;F “kfpo;r;rp” vd;gJ nghUs;.

2 : 9 – “[Pt tpUl;rk;” – ,e;j tpUl;rkhdJ kdpjdpd; rhPu kuzj;jpypUe;J mtid tpLtpf;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;ljhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ 3 : 22)@ Gjpa vUrNykpYk; ,e;j kuk; cz;L (ntsp. 22 : 2).

“ed;ik jPik mwpaj;jf;f tpUl;rk;” – ,J tp\k; epiwe;j kuk; my;y@ Mdhy; kdpjdpd; fPo;g;gbjiyg; ghpNrhjpff Njtdhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l kuk;.  ,e;jf; fdpiar; rhl;gplhkypUe;jhy; mtd; NjtdplkpUe;J ed;ik jPikiaf; fw;W mwpe;jpUf;f KbAk;.  khwhf> mijr; rhg;gpl;lhy; rhj;jhdplkpUe;J ed;ik jPikiaf; fw;Wf; nfhs;thd;.  NjtdplkpUe;J ed;ik jPikia mwpe;J nfhs;Sjy; mtDf;Fg; gy klq;F rpwe;jjhFk;.  vdpDk; mtd; rhj;jhd; topiaj; njhpe;njLj;jhd;.

2 : 17 – “eP rhfNt rhtha;” – Njtd; MjhKf;F fLikahd jz;lidAld; $ba xU cWjpahd fl;lisiaf; nfhLj;jhh;.  ,J fPo;g;gbjiy cWjpnra;tjw;fhd xU ghPl;ir.  kuzk; vd;gjw;Fg; ‘gphpjy;’ vd;gJ nghUs;.  Ntjhfkj;jpy; %d;W tpjkhd kuzq;fs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd.

1. i) rhPu kuzj;jpy; Mj;Jkh rhPuj;jpypUe;J gphpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

1. ii) Mtpf;Fhpa kuzj;jpy; ,t;Tyf tho;tpy; ghtp NjtdplkpUe;J gphpf;fg;gLfpwhd;. (Mjhk; ghtk; nra;j NghJ ,J Kjd; Kjypy; Vw;gl;lJ.)

iii)     ,uz;lhk; kuzk; my;yJ epj;jpa kuzj;jpy; (mf;fpdp fly;) ghtpahfpa kdpjd; epue;jukhf Njtid tpl;Lg; gphpf;fg;gLfpwhd;.

Fwpg;G :  Mjhk; ghtk; nra;jNghJ Mj;Jkhtpy; Njtidtpl;L gphpf;fg;gl;lhd;.  ,JNt Mtpf;Fhpa kuzk;.  mjhtJ> Mj;Jk kuzk;.  ,jd; tpisthf mtd; tho;tpy; rHpu kuzk; gbg;gbahf Nehpl;lJ.  NkYk;> Mjhkpd; ,e;j kuzk; (Mj;Jk kw;Wk; rhPu kuzk; ,uz;Lk;) mtd; re;jjpapYk; fle;J nrd;wJ.  MjhKf;Fs; vy;NyhUk; khpf;fpwhh;fs;.

2 : 20 – “Nghpl;lhd;” – Mjhk; jhd; Rthrpf;Fk; ntt;NtW tpjkhd vy;yh [Ptd;fSf;Fk; Nghpl;lhd;. (tpyq;Ffs;> gwitfs; kw;Wk; gpuhzpfs;) Ch;td kw;Wk; kPd;fisg; gw;wp vJTk; nrhy;yg;gltpy;iy.  Mjhk; tpyq;Ffspd; Fzhjpraq;fis mwpe;J nghUj;jkhd ngah; NghLtjw;F Vw;w QhdKs;stdhapUe;jhd;.  mwptpy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdhd;.

          MjhKf;Nfh Vw;w Jiz ,d;Dk; fhzg;gltpy;iy.  ,J Mjhk; N[hL N[hlhf tpyq;Ffisg; ghh;j;J jdpik czh;tile;jhd; vdf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

NjtDila ghPl;ir Mjhkpd; %d;W epiyfis cs;slf;fpajhf ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;.

2 : 21 – “tpyh vYk;G” – ,J clk;gpd; xU gFjp> vt;tpj re;NjfKkpd;wp ,J Mjhkpd; tpyh vYk;igNaf; $Wfpd;wJ (2 : 23).  MjhkplkpUe;J gphpf;f Kbahj tifapy; ,ize;J fhzg;gLk; Nehf;fpy; Njtd; Mjhkpd; tpyh vYk;gpypUe;J mtdJ Jizia cz;lhf;fpdhh;.

2 : 22 – “kD\pia cz;lhf;fpdhh;” – cz;lhf;Fjy; vDk; thh;j;ijapd; vgpNua gjk; “ghdh” MFk;.  ,jd; nghUs; ‘fl;Ljy;’ vd;gjhFk;.  Njtd; MjhkplkpUe;J xU kD\piaf; fl;bdhh;.  mts; mtdJ vYk;gpy; vYk;Gk;> khk;rj;jpy; khk;rKkhapUe;jhs; (tr. 23).

2 : 24 – “mth;fs; xNu khk;rkhapUg;ghh;fs;”         –  MjhKf;Fk; VthSf;FkpilNa fhzg;gLk; cz;ikfs; jpUkzkhFk;  MZf;Fk; ngz;Zf;Fk; nghUj;jkhditfshf ,Uf;fpd;wd.  mth;fs; tpthf uj;jpdhy; gphpf;fg;glhjgbf;F xNu khk;rkhapUf;fpwhh;fs;.  khwhf mth;fs; jq;fs; ngw;Nwhiu tpl;Lg; gphpf;fg;gl Ntz;bajhapUf;fpwJ.  “ngw;Nwhiu tpl;L tpyFjy;” vd;why; fztd;> kidtp jq;fSf;fpilNa nghWg;Gk;> Neh;ikAk; nfhz;lth;fshapUg;gijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. (ngw;Nwhiuj; js;sptpl Ntz;Lk; vdf; fUjf;$lhJ).

1. kDf;Fyj;jpd; tPo;r;rp (3 : 1 – 24)

          Mjpahfkj;jpd; 3>4>5 Mfpa mjpfhuq;fs; Ntjhfkj;jpd; nkhj;j nra;jpiaAk;> me;je;jg; gFjpfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s nra;jpfisAk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s kpfTk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.  Mjp. 4 Kjy; ntsp. 20 tiuapYkhd gFjpfs; mNdf ,lj;jpy; Mjp. 3-y; ele;j rk;gtj;jpd; tpisthf ,Ug;gijf; fhzyhk;.  Mjhk; ghtk; nra;jNghJ nkhj;j kDf;FyKk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ.  (1 jPNkh. 4 : 14@ Nuh. 5 : 12 @ 1 nfhhp. 15 : 22).  Mjhk; jhd; nra;j ghtj;jpw;F KO nghWg;Gs;stdhapUe;jhYk; ,e;j tPo;r;rpf;F KO fhuzkhapUg;gJ rhj;jhd; MFk;.  (Mjp. 3 : 1).

          kdpjDf;Fk; tpyq;fpdq;fSf;FkpilNa Xh; njspthd NtWghL cs;sJ.  tpyq;Ffs; “tho;e;J kbAk; jd;ik” (rhPuk;> Mtp) nfhz;lJ.  Mdhy; kdpjd; kl;LNk Njt Rthrj;ijg; ngw;W “epj;jpa epiy” (Soul Spirit) cilatdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;.  ,JNt> Njt rhay;> kdpjd; NjtNdhL If;fpak; nfhs;s ,J mbg;gilaha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Njt rhayhdJ kdpjdpd; mwpT> kdrhl;rp> Rarpj;jk;> czh;r;rp> ghi\fs; %yk; njhlh;Gnfhs;Sjy; Nghd;w jd;ikfis cs;slf;fpajhapUf;fpwJ.  ve;j xU tpyq;fpw;Fk; ,t;tpjj; jd;ikfs; ,y;iy.  mitfs; ,aw;if rl;lk; kw;Wk; czh;TfshNyjhd; nray;gLfpd;wd.  kdpjdhy; gy ghi\fisf; fw;f ,aYk;.  Mdhy; tpyq;fpdq;fs; mt;thW nra;tjpy;iy> mitfs; ntWk; rj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd.  MfNt kdpjd; rhPuk;> Mtp> Mj;Jkh Mfpatw;iwj; jd;Dld; nfhz;Ls;shd;.

kdpjidr; Nrhjpg;gjd; Nehf;fk;

          kDf;Fyj;jpd; jiyahd Mjhk; ghpRj;jj; jd;ikAld; gilf;fg;gl;bUe;jhd;.  Mdhy; me;jg; “ghpRj;jkhd xOf;fj; jd;ik” epue;jukhdJ my;y.  (Mjp. 1 : 31).  xUtd; rhpahdijj; njhpe;njLf;Fk; jpwikiar; nray;gLj;Jk;NghJ kl;LNk Fzk; cUthFk;.  MfNtjhd;> kdpjd; ghtj;jpy; tpohjpUf;Fk;gb MjhKf;F Kiwahd njhpe;njLg;gpd; %yk; jdJ epj;jpa ghpRj;jj;ij (epue;ju ghpRj;j xOf;fFzj; jd;ikia) cWjp nra;Ak;gbahd tha;g;igf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf Njtd; ,e;jr; Nrhjidia MjhKf;F ghpl;irahff; nfhLj;jhh;.

Nrhjidapd; jd;ik

          ,e;jr; Nrhjid NjtDila fl;lisiag; gpd;gw;wp Mjhk; jdJ Ra rpj;jj;;ijg; gad;gLj;Jk; tha;g;ig mspj;jJ. (Mjp. 2 : 16> 17).  mwpitr; rk;ghjpf;f ,U topfs; cz;L.  xd;W> tpsf;fq;fs; %yk; mwpe;J nfhs;Sjy;.  ,g;gbahfj;jhd; tuyhiwf; fw;Wf;nfhs;fpNwhk;.  ,uz;lhtJ> mDgtj;jpd; %yk; mwpe;J nfhs;Sjy;.  MuQ;Rg; goj;ijf; Fwpj;Jf; fw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy; tpsf;f mwpT (Descriptive knowledge) (Nfl;L my;yJ fw;W mwpjy;).  Mdhy;> mij cz;L mwpe;J nfhs;StJ mDgt mwpT (Experimental Knowledge) MFk;.    ed;ik> jPikia mDgt Kiwapy; Mjhk; mwpe;Jnfhs;s Njtd; tpUk;gpdhh; vd;gij Mjpahfkk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.  Mdhy; ,J fPo;g;gbAk; mDgtj;jhy; kl;Lk; Mjhk; mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. NjtDf;Ff;  fPo;g;gbahikahy; cz;lhFk; mDgtj;jhy; my;y.

3 : 1 – 5 – “rh;g;gk;” – rhj;jhd; ,e;j caphpdj;ijj; jdJ je;jpuj;ijr; nray;gLj;jj; njhpe;njLj;jhd; (xU Ntis gprhR rh;g;gj;ijg; ngyg;gLj;jpapUf;ff; $Lk;. (Nah. 8 : 44 @ 1 jPNkh. 2 : 14 @ ntsp. 12 : 3> 4> 9 @ 20 : 2) tpyq;Ffshy; Ngr KbahJ.  mNefkhf> rhj;jhd; rh;g;gj;jpd; gpd;epd;W rh;g;gk; NgRfpw tpjkhfg; Ngrp nray;gl;bUf;ff;$Lk;.  rhj;jhd; je;jpukhd mZFKiwiag; gad;gLj;jp Vthisj; jdpahff; fhZk;tiu fhj;jpUe;jhd;.  “Njtd; $wpaJz;Nlh” vdf; Nfl;L  rhj;jhd; NjtDila thh;j;ijiaj; jtwhf tpsf;fpf; $wpdhd;.  ,d;iwf;Fk; rhj;jhd; ,Nj je;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp kf;fs; kdjpy; NjtDila thh;j;ijiaf; Fwpj;j re;Njfj;ij vOg;gp Njt thh;j;ijfisj; jtwhf vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whd;  my;yJ tpsf;Ffpwhd;.

3 : 6 – rhj;jhdpd; je;jpuk; Vthspd; kdjpy; nray;gl Muk;gpj;J tpl;lJ.  mts; rhj;jhid vjph;j;J epw;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf (ahf;. 4 : 7) mtd; $wpaij rpe;jid nra;jhs;.  ftdpf;fTk;: Vthisg; ghtj;jpw;F Neuhf elj;j %d;W fhuzpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. (1 Nahth. 2 : 16).

• khk;rj;jpd; ,r;ir = “Grpg;gjw;F ey;yJ”@ rhPuj;jpd; grpf;F

  cfe;jjha; Njhd;wpaJ.

• fz;zpd; ,r;ir = “ghh;itf;F ,d;gkha; ,Ue;jJ”@ ,J

                               fth;r;rpfukha; fz;zpw;Fj; Njhd;wpaJ.

• [Ptdj;jpd; ngUik= “Qhdpahf khw Ntz;Lk; vd;w Mir”@

                               Nkd;ik ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;ij                        cz;lhf;Ftjha; fhzg;gl;lJ.

,NaR fpwp];Jtpdplj;jpYk; rhj;jhd; ,Nj mZFKiwiag; gad;gLj;jpdhd;. (kj;. 4 : 1-11)@ Mdhy; ,NaR rhj;jhid n[apj;jhh;.

Fwpg;G :  rhj;jhd;  rh;g;gj;ij Vd;; njhpe;J nfhz;lhd; vd;gJk;> rh;g;gj;jpDs; GFe;J thrk; gz;zpajh? my;yJ    gpd; gf;fkhf kiwe;J epd;Wg; Ngrpdhdh? vd;gJk; njspthff; $w ,ayhj rk;gtk;.  MjhKk;> VthSk; mth;fs; eph;thzpfshapUg;gijf; fz;ldh;.  fhuzk; mth;fis %bapUe;j ntspr;rk; my;yJ Nkfk; Nghd;w Njt kfpik  mth;fs; ghtk; nra;jjhy; mth;fis tpl;L vLf;fg;gl;lJ.

          tPo;r;rpapd; tpisTfs;

          Ra tpUg;gj;Jldhd fPo;g;gbahik kw;Wk; NjtDila thh;j;ijia epuhfhpj;jy; Nghd;wtw;why; Vw;gl;l tPo;r;rp kDf;Fyj;jpw;F gpd;tUk; tpisTfisf; nfhz;Lte;jJ.

3 : 7-13 – kDf;Fyk; KOtJk; ghtj;jpdhy; thjpf;fg;gl;lJ.  MjhKk; VthSk; Fw;w czh;tpdhy; jq;fis kiwj;jdh;.  ,g;NghJ ed;ik kw;Wk; jPik Nghd;wtw;iw xU nfl;Lg; Nghd epiyapy; mwpe;J nfhz;ldh;.  ,e;jf; Fw;w czh;thdJ mth;fsJ Mtpf;Fhpa kuzj;NjhL njhlh;GilaJ.  Njtd; nrhd;dgbNa ,J kdpjd; Njtidtpl;Lg; gphpf;fg;gl;l kuz epiyahFk;. ,jd; (Mtpf;Fhpa kuzj;jpd;gb) tpisthf rhPu kuzk; kdpjdpd; tho;tpy; gpuNtrpj;jJ.  vdNt> kdpjd; gbg;gbahf kuzj;ij Nehf;fp tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whd;.  Mtpf;Fhpa kuzk; kdpjid NjtdplkpUe;J gphpf;fpwJ.  mNj Ntisapy; rhPu kuzk; kdpjid rf kdpjdplkpUe;J gphpf;fpd;wJ.

          Mjhkpd; ghtk; vy;yh kdpj th;f;fj;jpYk; fle;J nrd;wJ.  MfNt> gpwf;Fk; xt;nthU Foe;ijAk;$l ,e;jf; nfl;Lg;Nghd epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ (Nuh. 5 : 12 : 1 nfhhp. 15 : 22).  KOtJk; nfl;Lg; Nghd epiyapy; kdpjdpd; Mtp> Mj;Jkh> rhPuk; midj;Jk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L ,Ug;gjdhy; mtdhy; ve;jtifapYk; Njtidg; gphpag;gLj;j KbahJ (Vrh. 64 : 6).  vy;yh kdpjh;fSk; ghtpfshfNt gpwg;gjhy; (gpu. 7 : 20@ Nuh. 3 : 23).  vy;yhUk; epj;jpa jz;lidf;F chpath;fs; (Nuh. 6 : 23).  ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; %ykha; fpilf;Fk; ,ul;rpg;Ng (ght kd;dpg;G) Mtpf;Fhpa tho;tpd; kPl;Gf;F ghpfhuk; MFk;.  (Nuh. 3 : 21-28).

3 : 14> 15 – Mjhkpd; ghtj;jpdhy; tpyq;fpdk;$l KOtJk; rhgj;jpw;Fs;shdJ. (vNu. 12 : 4@ Nuhk. 8 : 20).  Mdhy;> Njtd; rh;g;gj;ij kw;w vy;yh tpyq;fpdq;fisf; fhl;bYk; Fwpg;gpl;L rgpj;jhh;.  fpof;fj;jpa fyr;rhuj;jpd;gb “kz;izj; jpd;gha;” vDk; nrhw;nwhlh; rgpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; vDk; nghUis typAWj;Jk; cUtf nkhopahFk;.  (eP kz;zha; Nghtha; vd rpyh; gpwiu rgpg;gJ Nghy).  rh;g;gj;jpw;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l rhgkhdJ mJ efh;e;J nry;Yk; tpjk; khw;wg;gl;lijf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.  ,e;jg; gFjp (tr. 15) nghJthf Muk;g – RtpN\rk; (Proto – evangelium) vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.  Vnddpy; ,JNt Ntjhfkj;jpd;   Kjy; RtpN\r nra;jpahFk;.  ,e;jg; g+kpapy; fpwp];J ];jphPapd; tpj;jhf gpwg;ghh; vd;gNj ,e;j Kjy; RtpN\r nra;jp.  ,NaR fpwp];JTf;Fk; (];jphPapd; tpj;J) rhj;jhDf;FkpilNajhd; Nkhjy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gij Njtd; ,g;gFjpapy; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh; (ntsp. 12).  ];jphPapd; tpj;J vd;gJ njspthf ,NaR fpwp];Jitf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.  (ntsp. 12 : 1-5@ fyh. 3 : 16>19@ 4 : 4@ vgp. 2 : 14 @ 1 Nah. 3 : 8).  Mdhy;> rhj;jhdpd; tpj;J vd;gJ gprhirg; gpd;gw;wp NjtDila ,ul;rpg;gpd; jpl;lj;ijg; Gwf;fzpf;Fk; midtiuAk; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.  ,e;jg; Nghuhl;lk; fhaPd; kw;Wk; MNgypd; ehl;fspNy Muk;gkhdJ.

3 : 16 – Kjd; Kjyhf ghtk; nra;J Vkhw;wg;gl;ltshf Vths; fhzg;gl;lhYk; kDf;Fyk; KOtJk; Mjhk; topahfNt rgpf;fg;gl;lJ.  (1 jPNkh. 2 : 14).  jdJ fztdhy; kidtp Msg;gLths; vd Njtd; ,Wjpahff; $Wfpd;whh;.  kidtp fztidtplf; Fiwthdts; vd;gJ ,jd; nghUs; my;y@ khwhf ,e;jg; ght cyfpy; Fog;gj;ijj; jtph;f;f fztd; Njtdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l jiyikg; nghWg;Gilatd; vd;gjhFk;.

3 : 17-19 – Mjhkpd; ghtk; mtdJ Rw;Wr; #oiyAk; mtdJ ciog;gpw;F Vw;w gyd; fhzhj tifapy; rhgkhf;fpaJ.  mj;NjhL $l mtDk; VNjd; Njhl;lj;jpypUe;J Juj;jg;gl;lhd;.

tPo;r;rpapypUe;J tpLjiy (3 : 20 – 24)

          Mjhk; VthSf;Ff; nfhLj;j Gjpa ngah; ,ul;rfiuf; Fwpj;j Njtdpd; thf;Fj;jj;jj;jpy; mtd; nfhz;bUe;j ek;gpf;ifiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ (20).  mts; rhj;jhid eRf;Fk; tpj;ijf; nfhz;L tUths; vd Mjhk; ek;gpdhd;.  Mjhk; kw;Wk; VthSf;F Njtd; Njhy; cilfisj; jhpj;jhh;.  mNefkhf mth;fspd; ghtj;jpw;fhd gpuarpj;jkhd xU tpyq;F mbf;fg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.  ve;j tpyq;F mbf;fg;gl;lJ vdj; njhpatpy;iy.  xUNtis fhisahfNth my;yJ Ml;Lf;flhthfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. ,JNt Kjy; ,uj;jgyp.  ,J ght kd;dpg;gpw;F ,uj;jk; rpe;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vDk; epj;jpa rl;lj;ijg; Nghjpf;fpd;wJ (vgp. 9 : 22@ Nyp. 17 : 11).  MjhKk; VthSk; NjtdplkpUe;J NjhYilfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldh;.  Njtd; nfhLj;j NjhYilfis mth;fs; ngWtJ mNefkhf Mjhk; Njtd; nfhLf;Fk; ,ul;rpg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhs;tijf; fhl;LfpwJ.  cil nfhLf;fg;gl;l gpd;dh; mth;fs; Njhl;lj;jpypUe;J Juj;jg;gl;ldh;.  mjd;gpd; vhpfpw gl;lak; kw;Wk; Nf&gPd;fs; %yk; Njtd; me;j [Pt tpUl;rj;ij MjhkplkpUe;J ghJfhj;jhh;.

1. kDf;Fyj;jpd; tsh;r;rp (4 : 1 – 5 : 32)

4 : 1 – 8 –  Njhl;lj;jpypUe;J Juj;jg;gl;l MjhKf;Fk; VthSf;Fk; fhaPd; MNgy; vDk; ,U gps;isfs; gpwe;jdh;.  NjtdplkpUe;J Mjhk; fw;Wf; nfhz;lgbNa ght kd;dpg;gpw;Fg; gyp mtrpak; vd;gijj; jdJ gps;isfSf;F mtd; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jpUg;ghd;.  ,t;tpjk; jd; gps;isfSf;Ff; fh;j;jhpd; topKiwfisg; Nghjpj;jjhy; Mjhk; xU jPh;f;fjhprpapd; nghWg;igr; nra;jhd;.  MfNt> Mjhkpd; gps;isfs; ,UtUk; NjtDf;F gyp nrYj;jpdh;.  fhaPd; nrYj;jpd gyp Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;ljd; fhuzq;fs; gpd;tUkhW:

• ,J tpRthrj;jpdhy; nra;ag;gltpy;iy (vgp. 11 : 4)

• mtd; xU Nkhrkhd kdpjdhapUe;jhd; (1 Nah. 3 : 12)

• ght kd;dpg;gpw;F mtrpakhd ,uj;jk; ,e;jg; gypapy; ,lk;ngwtpy;iy. (vgp. 9 : 12 @ Nytp. 17 : 11).  Mdhy; MNgy; mNefkhf jdJ ght kd;dpg;gpw;fhf Ml;Lf;Fl;biag; gypahff; nfhz;L te;jhd;.  ,jd; fhuzkhf Njtd; MNgypd; fhzpf;ifia mq;fPfhpj;jhh;.  ,jidg; ghh;j;Jg; nghwhikg;gl;l fhaPd; Nfhgkile;J MNgiyf; nfhiy nra;jhd;. fhaPd; Njtdplk; nfhz;bUe;j fPo;g;gbahj Fzk; mtd; jdJ rNfhjuidf; nfhiy nra;tjpdhy; ntspg;gl;lJ.

4 : 9 – 15 – NjtDila Nfs;tpia mtkjpj;J mepahakhd ngha;iaf; $wp jdJ jtWf;F kdk; tUe;jhkw; Nghdjhy; MNgiyf; nfhiynra;j fhuzj;jpw;fhd jz;lidia Njtd; fhaPDf;Ff; nfhLj;jhh;.  g+kpahdJ NkYk; mjpfkhf rgpf;fg;gl;lJ. (12).  Njtd; mtd;kPJ xU milahsj;ij itj;jhh;> mNefkhf ,J Njtd; mtid vjphpfSf;F xg;Gf;nfhLf;f khl;lhh; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; milahskhf rhPuj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.

4 : 16 – 24 – fhaPd; fpof;Fj; jpirapy; nrd;W kzk; Kbj;jhd;.  (mNefkhf Mjhkpd; VjhtJ xU kfis mtd; kze;jpUf;fyhk;.)

Fwpg;G :  NkhNrapd; epahag;gpukhzk; mf;fhyj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;glhjjhy; rNfhjhpia kzk; nra;Ak; Kiw eilKiwapypUe;jJ vdf; fUj ,lKz;L.  vdpDk;> epahag;gpukhzk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lgpd; me;j eilKiw Kw;wpYk; jil nra;ag;gl;lJ.

          yhNkhf;fpd; kfd;fs; jpwikrhypfshapUe;jdh;.  ahghy; ke;ij Nka;g;gh;fSf;Fj; jfg;gdhfTk;> a++ghy; fpz;zuf;fhu> ehfRufhuh;fSf;Fj; jfg;gdhfTk;@ J}ghy; fhaPd; gpj;jis> ,Uk;Gj; njhopyhsh;fSf;Fj; jiytdhfTk; fhzg;gl;lhd;.  ,th;fsJ jpwikfSf;fhd rhd;Wfs; ahTk; nts;sg;ngUf;fk; Vw;gl;lNghJ mope;J Nghapw;W.   [yg;gpusaj;jpw;F Kd; fhzg;gl;l ,e;jr; re;jjpapdh; fiy EZf;fq;fspy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdh;.  Mdhy; Njtid epidf;fTk; fdg;gLj;jTk; jtwpajhy; Njtdhy; jz;bf;fg;gl;lhh;fs; (2 NgJ. 2 : 5 @ 3 : 4-9).  Ntjhfkj;jpd; Kjy; ftpijia yhNkf;F vOjpAs;shh; (23> 24). ,th; mNdfkhf Kjd; Kjyp;y; Njhd;wpa ftpQuhthh;.  ,f;ftpij NjtDf;F vjpuhd fPo;g;gbahikf;F xU cWjpahd rhd;whf tpsq;FfpwJ.  Njtd; fhaPDf;Ff; nfhLj;j jz;lidia ,th; ghpahrk; gz;Ztjha; Njhd;WfpwJ.  mtd; jd;idf; fhag;gLj;jpd xUtid mbj;jjhfTk;> Jd;GWj;jpd thypgisf; nfhiy nra;jjhfTk; $Wfpd;whh;.  fhaPdpd; tk;rj;jpdh; fiyfspy; rpwe;jth;fshfTk; Mdhy; ngUik vz;zk; nfhz;lth;fshfTk;> nja;t gak; mw;wth;fshAk; fhzg;gl;ldh; vd;gij mwpa KbfpwJ.

nja;t gak; epiwe;j Nrj; tk;rj;jpdh; (4 : 25 – 5 : 32)

          Mjhkpd; %d;whtJ kfd; Nrj;.  Nrj;jpd; gps;isfs; Njtid Muhjpj;jdh;. (4 : 26)  me;ehl;fspy; kdpjdpd; MAR ehl;fs; ,e;j ehl;fisf; fhl;bYk; kpf mjpfkhapUe;jJ.  ,jw;F ,U Kf;fpa fhuzq;fs; $wg;gLfpd;wJ.  Kjy; fhuzk;> me;ehl;fspy; ghtj;jpd; tpisT mt;tsT nghpjhf kDf;Fyj;jpy; cldb jhf;fj;ij cz;lhf;ftpy;iy.  ,uz;lhtJ> nts;sg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F Kd; g+kpf;F Nky; thA kz;lyj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l nfdhgp (Canopy) vd;wiof;fg;gLk; ePh;g;gug;G #hpadpypUe;J g+kpf;F te;j GwCjhf;fjphpfspd; tPhpaj;ijf; Fiwj;jJ.

          Njtidg; gphpag;gLj;Jk; tho;f;if tho;e;j ‘VNdhf;F’ cz;ik tpRthrpia NtWgphpj;J mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhd Xh; rpwe;j gioa Vw;ghl;L  cjhuzkhf tpsq;Ffpd;whh;.  ,tUf;Fg; gyd; mspf;Fk; tifapy; kuzj;ij re;jpf;fhkNyNa Njtd; ,tiu kW&gg;gLj;jpdhh; (vgp. 11 : 5@ 2 ,uh. 2 : 11).  Njtd; ,tiu kW&gg;gLj;jpaikahy; FWfpa fhyk; kl;LNk (365 tUlq;fs;) g+kpapy; thoe;jhh;.  Mdhy;> ,tuJ kfd; nkj;J}ryh kpf mjpf tUlq;fs; (969 tUlq;fs;) g+kpapy; tho;e;jhh;.

Fwpg;G :  nkj;J}ryhtpd; kfd;  ‘yhNkf;’ (5 : 25)> yhNkf;fpd; kfd; Nehth.  ,tdJ kfd;fs; Nrk;> fhk;> ahNgj; vd;gth;fs; Njt gak; nfhz;l Nrj;> VNdhf;F> nkj;J}ryh> yhNkf;> Nehth> Nrk; vd;gth;fspd; tk;rj;jpy; ,NaR fpwp];J ntspg;gl;lhh;.  ,Wjpahf khpahs; %yk; ghpRj;j Mtpapdhy; cw;gtpj;J kD\dhfg; gpwe;jhh; (Y}f;. 3 : 23-38).

1. Njtdpd; epahaj;jPh;g;G (6 : 1 – 7 : 24)

          Njtdhfpa fh;j;jh; kdpjidj; jdJ rhaypd;gb g+uzkhd epiyapy; gilj;jhh;.  Mdhy; kdpjdpd; ghtk; me;jg; g+uzj;ijf; nfLj;J tho;f;ifia ehrg;gLj;jpaJ.  Njtd; kdpjDf;Fg; ghtj;jpd; jz;lidapypUe;J tpLjiy je;jpUe;jhYk;> ghtj;jpd; jhf;fk; kw;Wk; gpbapypUe;J kdpjd; ,d;Dk; g+uzkhf tpLtpf;fg;gltpy;iy.  kdpjd; ,d;Wk; ght Rghtj;jpNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;whd;.  mtdJ jiyKiwAk; ghtj;jpNyNa gpwf;fpd;wJ.  Ntjhfkj;jpd; vQ;rpa mjpfhuq;fs; ahTk; Njtd; fpUigaha; kf;fspd; ,ul;rpg;gpw;fhfTk;> epahahjpgjpaha; kf;fspd; jz;lidf;fhfTk; nray;gLtij tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.  ,e;j 6-k; mjpfhuk; Njtd; ghtpahfpa kdpjidj; jz;bf;Fk; topfspy; xd;iw tpthpj;Jf; fhz;gpf;fpwJ.

6 : 1 – 2 – “Njt Gj;jpuh;fs;” –  ,jidf; Fwpj;j ,uz;L tpjkhd Kf;fpa fz;Nzhl;lq;fs; cs;sd.  Kjyhtjhf> tpOe;JNghd J}jh;fs; g+kpapNy ngz;fNshL cwT nfhz;L Jd;khh;f;fuhd ,e;jr; re;jjpapdh; Njhd;wpdh; vd xU rpyh; jtwhff; fUJfpd;wdh;.  ,jw;fhd fhuzq;fs; rpy: ‘Njt Gj;jpuh;fs;’ vDk; gjk; gioa Vw;ghl;by; nghJthf J}jh;fisf; Fwpg;gl gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ (NahG 1 : 6@ 2 : 1@ 38 : 7) kw;Wk; tpOe;J Nghd J}jh;fspd; ghtj;ij tpsf;f ,J rhjfkhd tpthjkhf Njhd;Wfpd;wJ ( 2 NgJ> 2 : 4-5@ a+jh 6> 7).  Mdhy; ,uz;lhtJ fz;Nzhl;lkhdJ ,e;j Kjy; fUj;J jtW vdf; fhl;LfpwJ.  vdNt> Njt Gj;jpuh;fs; vd;gJ Nrj;jpd; tk;rj;jpdh; vd;gijj; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ.  ,jw;F Mjhukhd rpy cWjpahd fUj;Jf;fisf; ftdpf;fyhk;.

(i)      “Njt Gj;jpuh;fs;” vDk; gjk; tpRthrpfisf; Fwpg;gpLtjhAk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. (rq;. 73 : 15@ Xrp. 1 : 10).

(ii)     ,e;j thh;j;ij gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s ,g;gFjpapy; Kd;-gpd; thf;fpaq;fspd; mikg;G ,U khWgl;l re;jjpiaf; $Wfpd;wJ – fhaPdpd; re;jjp (tr. 4) kw;Wk; Nrj;jpd;re;jjp (tr. 5).

(iii)    “Njt Gj;jpuh;fs;” vDk; gjk; NtW Ntj gFjpfs; midj;jpYk; ey;y J}jh;fisNa Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.  ,e;jg; gjk; tpOe;j jPa J}jh;fisf; Fwpf;f xUNghJk; gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.

(iv)    ,g;gFjpapy; NjtDila epahaj;jPh;g;G J}jh;fsplj;jpy; nrYj;jg;gLtjhff; $wg;glhky; kDf;Fyj;jpd; kPJ Njtdpd;  epahaj;jPh;g;G vd;gNj Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. (tr. 5).

(v)     “$Lfpwjpdhy;” vDk; tpidr;nrhy; kdpjh;fspilNa rhjhuzkhf Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; jpUkz cwitNa Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

          ,e;j cWjpahd fhuzq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; ,uz;lhk; tpthjkhdJ mNdfkhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,uz;lhtJ fUj;J rhpahdjhf ,Ue;jhy;> Njtdpd; jpl;lj;ijAk;> Mtpf;Fhpa tho;f;ifiaAk; mrl;ilgz;zp jq;fSf;F kidtpfisj; njhpe;J nfhz;l Nrj; re;jjp Mz;fs;jhd; ,e;jg; ghtj;jpw;Ff; fhuzkhdth;fs;.  mth;fs; nja;t gak; mw;w fhaPdpd; re;jjpapy; Njhd;wpa ngz;fis kze;jdh;.  gyiu kzk; nra;Ak; gof;fj;ijAk; ,th;fs; nfhz;bUf;fyhk;.  ,g;gFjpapy; gpujhd cz;ik vd;dntdpy; NjtDf;Fg; gae;j re;jjpf;Fk; Jd;khh;f;fh;fshd re;jjpf;FkpilNaAs;s tpj;jpahrk; ,y;yhkw; Nghapw;W (ntsp. 12 : 3> 4) vd;gJ gprhRf;F mjpf kfpo;r;rpiaf; nfhLj;jJ.

Fwpg;G : Njt gakw;w rgpf;fg;gl;l fhaPdpd; re;jjpNahL (kD\ Fkhuj;jpfs;) Njt gak; nfhz;l Nrj; tk;rj;jpdiu (Njt Gj;jpuh;fs;) fyf;fr; nra;Ak; rhj;jhdpd; xU Kaw;rpahf ,J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

js;sg;gl;l J}jh;fs; ngz;fisj; jpUkzk; nra;a KbahJ vd;gjw;fhd $Ljy; Fwpg;Gfs;

(i)      tpthfk; fdKs;sjhAk; kDf;Fyj;jpw;F kl;LNk nfhLf;fg;gl;ljhAk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.  tpyq;fpdq;fSf;Nfh> J}jh;fSf;Nfh jpUkzk; ge;jk; vdDk; nray; tof;fpy; ,y;iy.  nra;aTk; ,ayhJ. (Mjp. 2 : 21-25 @ vgp. 13 : 4).

(ii)     ey;y J}jh;;fNsh my;yJ js;sg;gl;l J}jh;fNsh ,ay;ghfNt ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; jd;ikAilath;fs; my;y.

(iii)    js;sg;gl;l J}jh;fis xUNghJk; “Njt Gj;jpuh;fs;” vd Ntjhfkk; $wtpy;iy

(iv)    js;sg;gl;l J}jh;fs; jq;fs; tpUg;gj;jpw;Nfw;g cUtj;ij khw;wp (khk;r rhPuk;) mikf;f KbahJ.  Mdhy;> mitfs; mtpRthrpfspd; clypy; my;yJ kpUfq;fspDs; gpuNtrpj;J jPikahdtw;iw nra;a kl;Lk; KbAk;.

(v)     xUNtis js;sg;gl;l J}jh;fs; mt;tpjk; kdpj tbtk; vLg;gjhf rpe;jpj;jhYk; mJ Njtdhy; kpfTk; rpwg;ghf gilf;fg;gl;l kdpjidf;fhl;bYk; jho;thdjhfNt (juk; Fiwe;j jd;ikA;ssjhfNt) fhzg;gLk;.

(vi)    J}jh;fSf;Fr; rhPuk; fpilahJ.  jpUkzj;jpw;Fr; rhPuk; kpf mtrpakhapUf;fpd;wJ.  rhPuk; ,y;yhj xU tpOe;J Nghd J}jid vg;gb xU ngz; kzk; nra;a KbAk;.

(vii)   clYwtpw;F rhPuk; kpfTk; mtrpak;.  rhPuk; cila ,U caphpdq;fNs ,t;thW cly; cwT nfhs;s KbAk;.  vdNt> J}jh;fs; ngz;fNshL cly; cwT nfhs;s KbahJ.

(viii)  tpOe;JNghd J}jh;fs; kdpjidg; Nghy Ngr KbAk; jtpu mth;fshy; kdpj cUtj;ij vLf;f KbahJ.

(ix)    J}jh;fs; ghypay; NtWghL mw;wth;fs; (MNzh> ngz;Nzh my;y).  mth;fs; Mtp jd;ik nfhz;lth;fs.

(x)     Kw;wpYk; NtWgl;l clyikg;G nfhz;l ,U ,dq;fshy; clYwT nfhs;s ,ayhJ. (cjh. rpq;fk; (tpyq;F) fhfj;Jld; (gwit) cwT nfhs;s KbahJ. mJNghy; tpOe;J Nghd J}jd; (Mtp) ngz;Zld; (kdpjj; jd;ik) cwT nfhs;tJ cz;ikf;Fk;> ,ay;Gf;Fk; Gwk;ghdJ> rhj;jpakpy;yhjJ.

(xi)    xUNtis ,U NtWgl;l caphpdq;fSf;fpilNa mt;tpj clYwT Vw;gl;lhYk; mjd; tpisT xU ngytPdkhd caphpdj;ijNaf; nfhz;L tUk;.

(xii)   g+kpapd; caphpdq;fs; kl;LNk g+kpia epug;Gk;gbahf ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; tifapy; rpU\;bf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.  Mdhy; guNyhf [Ptd;fs; vdg;gLk; J}jh;fs; mt;tpjkhf jq;fs; ,dj;ijg; gug;gpg; guNyhfj;ij epug;Gk; mtrpak; ,y;yhjjhy; ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; jd;ikAld; rpU\;bf;fg;gltpy;iy.

,f;fUj;Jf;fs; ahTk; J}jh;fs; kzk; nra;a KbahJ vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

6 : 3 – “vd; Mtp vd;iwf;Fk; kD\NdhNl NghuhLtjpy;iy” fhy rfhg;j (epak eph;thf fhyk;) fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; mbg;gilapy; ,jid kpfTk; rpwg;ghfg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.  “NghuhLjy;” vDk; thh;j;ijf;F “MSjy; my;yJ epahahrdj;jpy; mkh;jy;” vd;gJ nghUs;.  MjhKk; VthSk; ghtk; nra;j gpd;dh; Fw;wkw;w epiyapypUe;J tpOe;jdh;.  vdNt> Njtd; Gjpa fhy rfhg;jj;ij Vw;gLj;jpdhh;.  mJNt kdrhl;rpapd; fhyk; MFk;.  NjtDila rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gil xOq;fhdJ kdpjdpd; kdrhl;rpapy; ghpRj;j Mtpahy; epiwNtw;wg; gl;lJ.  ,Ug;gpDk; fhaPDila Jd;khh;f;fk; kw;Wk; mtDila tk;rj;jpdh; nray;fs; kdrhl;rpapd; fhyj;ijj; njhlh;e;J nray;gLj;j rhj;jpakw;wjhf khw;wpaJ.  vdpDk; Njtd; nghWikAld; fhzg;gl;L kdrhl;rpapd; fhyj;ij 120 tUlq;fs; ePbf;fg;gz;zpdhh;.  gpd;dh; “kdpj MSikapd; fhyk;” Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. (9 : 6).  kdpjd; KOtJk; nfl;Lg;Nghd epiyapy; ,Ug;gjhy; kdrhl;rpapd; %yk; rpwe;j xOq;F vJTk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl KbahJ.  120 tUlq;fs; NjtDila fpUigapd; ntspg;ghl;ilAk;> ePba nghWikiaAk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.  kde;jpUk;Gtjw;F Vw;w tha;g;ig Nehthtpd; gpurq;fj;jpd; %yk; Njtd; kf;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;jhh; (2 NgJ. 2 : 5).  ,e;ehl;fspy; Nehth (120 tUlq;fs;) NjtDila fl;lisg;gb Ngioia cz;Lgz;zpdhh;@  vdpDk; kf;fs; kde;jpUk;gtpy;iy.

6 : 4 – “uhl;rjh;fs;” – tpOe;J Nghdth;fs; vd;gNj uhl;rjh;fs; vd;gJ Neubg; nghUs;.  ,g;gFjpapd; ,yf;fz mikg;ghdJ ,e;j uhl;rjh;fs; Nrj; kw;Wk; fhaPd; re;jjpapdhpd; fyg;Gj; jpUkzj;jpw;F Kd;Ng fhzg;gl;lth;fs; vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.  uhl;rj re;jjpapdiuf; Fwpg;gpLk;gb vz; 13 : 33-y; ,Nj thh;j;ij gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.  vdNt> mNj tif kf;fis ,t;thh;j;ij> ,g;gFjpapYk; Fwpg;gplf;$Lk;.  vJthapDk; ,k;kf;fspd; rpwg;Gj; jd;ik mth;fsJ ngyk; kw;Wk; jpwik Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; $wg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.  ,e;jj; jpwik kw;Wk; gyk; midj;Jk; ghypay; kw;Wk; Ra jpUg;jpf;F VJthf jtwhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lij Njtd; ghh;j;jhh;.

Fwpg;G: Nfhypahj; Nghy ,e;j uhl;rjh;fs; rhjhuz Mz;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fSf;Fg; gpwe;jth;fs; Mth;.   J}jh;fSf;Fk; kD\h;fSf;Fk; gpwe;jth;fs; my;y.

6 : 5-13 – ghtk; ngUfpdNghJ Jd;khh;f;f fhaPd; re;jjpapdiu mopf;fTk; Njt gak; epiwe;j Nrj; re;jjpapdiug; ghJfhf;fTk; Njtd; jPh;khdpj;jhh;.  Jd;khh;f;f rKjhaj;jpdiu Kw;wpYk;  tpl;L tpyfp tho;e;jjhy; Nehth Njtdplk; fpUig ngw;whd;.  kde;jpUk;gpa xU rpy kf;fSld; (jdJ FLk;gj;jpdh;_ Ngioia cz;lhf;fpd me;ehl;fspy; Nehth kf;fspd; kdkhw;wj;jpw;fhf gpurq;fpj;jhd;.  mtUf;F cWjpahd fhl;rp fhzg;gl;gl;lJ.  (2 NgJ. 2 : 5).  xU gpurq;fpf;Fk; egiu Vw;gLj;jp kde;jpUk;Gk;gb 120 tUl fhy mtfhrj;ijAk; Jd;khh;fkhd kf;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;jJ NjtDila fpUigia ntspg;gLj;JtjhAs;sJ.  vdpDk; [dq;fs; ght tho;tpypUe;J kde;jpUk;gtpy;iy.

6 : 14-18 – Nehthtpd; tpRthrk; fphpiaapdhy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;bajhapUe;jJ. (6 : 14-16). mtd; NjtDila fl;lisf;F fPo;g;gba Ntz;bajhapUe;jJ.  ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy; xU cz;ik tpRthrpaplk; fhzg;gl Ntz;ba Fzhjprak; kw;Wk; fPo;g;gbjy; Nehth %yk; rpj;jhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. (6 : 11@ 7 : 5> 9).  Ngio nfhg;Ngh; kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ.  (,e;j kuk; ,e;ehl;fspy; fhzg;gltpy;iy).  ,J fg;gy; my;y. Mdhy;> ,jd; mikg;ghdJ jl;ilahd mbg;GwKs;s xU glF Nghd;wjhFk;.  ,jd; nkhj;j msthdJ 450 mb ePsKk;> 45 mb cauKk;> 75 mb mfyKk; MFk;.

,J Rkhh; 522 thliff; fhh;fis Vw;wpr;nry;Yk; mstpw;F rf;jp tha;e;jJ vdf; fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ.  tr. 16-y; $wg;gl;Ls;s [d;dy; Ngioapd; Nky; kl;lj;jpy; ntspr;rk; kw;Wk; fhw;Nwhl;lj;jpw;F trjpahf nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ.  ,e;jg; Ngio %d;W miwfisf; nfhz;ljhapUe;jJ.

6 : 19 – 7 : 5 – ‘Rj;jkhd’ kw;Wk; ‘mRj;jkhd’ tpyq;Ffs; mNdfkhf NkhNrapd; epahag; gpukhzj;jpy; (Nytp. 4) tpgukhff; $wg;gl;Ls;s Fzq;fis Kd;dwptpf;Fk; milahskhf ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;.

          Ngioapd; msit itj;Jg; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ cyfpd; vy;yh tif [Ptd;fisAk; itf;f Ngio NghJkhdjy;y vdr; rpyh; tpthjpf;fpd;wdh;. Ntjhfkf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;  [Ptd;fs; vd;gJ ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; jd;ik nfhz;l [Ptd;fs; MFk;.  Mdhy;> jw;Nghija caphpay; caphpdq;fspd; Gwk;ghd Njhw;wj;ij itj;J gytiffspy; tpyq;fpdq;fisg; gphpf;fpd;wdh;.  MfNt> Nehth vy;yhtif gRf;fisAk; Njh;e;njLf;ftpy;iy.  khwhf gR ,dj;ijg; ngUf;Fk; xU N[hL gRitNag; NgioapDs; nfhz;L nrd;whh;.  nts;sg; ngUf;fj;jpw;Fg; gpd; [dq;fs; jq;fsJ mwptpd;gb ,e;j caphpdq;fis fyg;gpdr; Nrh;f;if %yk; ,izj;J gyuf caphpdq;fis cw;gj;jp nra;jdh;.  MfNt> NgioapDs; Mjpahfkk; $Wfpd;wgb nfhz;L tug;gl;lit “,dq;fs;” MFk;.

          vg;gb ,e;j midj;J tif tpyq;fpdq;fSk; NgioapDs; nfhz;L tug;gl;ld vdr; rpyh; Mr;rhpag;gLfpd;wdh;.  ,J gpd;tUkhW ,Ue;jpUf;ff;$Lk;.  nts;sg; ngUf;fj;jpw;F Kd; g+kpapd; Nky; fhzg;gl;l ePh; mLf;fhdJ (nfdhgp ePh; tisak;) g+kp KOtijAk; xNu fhyepiyapy; itj;jpUe;jJ.  ,jdhy; tpyq;fpdq;fs; ntspapYk;> NgioapYk; xNu #oiy mDgtpj;jJ.  ngUnts;sj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; vy;yh tpyq;fpdq;fSk; g+kpapd; gy ,lq;fspYk; gphpe;J nrd;wd.  NkYk; Njtd; Nahdhit kPd; tapw;wpDs; itj;J elj;jpaJ Nghy tpyq;fpdq;fisg; NgioapDs; tUk;gb mw;Gjk; nra;jhh; vdyhk;.

          NgioapDs; fhzg;gl;l tpyq;fpdq;fspd; czT Njit gw;wpajhd Nfs;tpiar; rpyh; vOg;Gfpd;wdh;.  VNjh xUtifapy; tpyq;fpdq;fs; Xa;T epiyapy; NgioapDs; fhzg;gl;ld.  ,Ushd #o;epiy kw;Wk; Xa;T epiy (J}f;f epiy) Nghd;wit ,jd; ,ay;ghd grp jpwidf; Fiwj;jpUf;ff;$Lk;.

                   Rj;jkhd tpyq;fpdq;fs; xt;nthd;wpYk; VO N[hb vd $wg;gl;bUg;gJ Ghpe;J nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba cz;ikahFk;.  VO N[hb vd;why; gjpdhd;F tpyq;Ffs;.  Mdhy; ,ijr; rpyh; VO tpyq;Ffs; mjhtJ %d;W N[hbAld; gypf;fhd Xh; tpyq;F Nrh;j;J VO vdf; fzf;fpLfpd;wdh;.  Mdhy; vgpNuA ghi\apd; mbg;gilapy; ghh;f;Fk; NghJk; ,J VO N[hb vd;Nw nghUs;gLfpd;wJ.  mjhtJ [yg;gpusaj;jpw;Fg; gpd; ,dg;ngUf;fk;> gyp nrYj;Jjy; kw;Wk; czTf;fhd Nehf;fj;jpy; ,itfs; $wg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

7 : 6 – 11 – [yg;gpusaj;jpw;Ff; fhuzkhd jz;zPh; ,U topfspy; te;jJ.  xd;W Moq;fspYs;s eP&w;Wfs;. ,it g+kpapd; fPo; jz;zPiuf; nfhz;bUe;jd.  ,uz;lhtJ ngUk; kioapd; NghJ jpwf;fg;gl;l thdj;jpd; kjFfs;.  ,J g+kpapd; Nkw;gFjpia #o;e;J fhzg;gl;l jz;zPh; mLf;F ( Canopy -nfNdhgp) vd mNefh; ek;Gfpd;wdh; (Mjp. 1 : 6 – 8).  ,e;jj; jz;zPh; mLf;F glyk; me;ehl;fspy; ,e;jr; rpwe;j kpjntg;g fhy epiyiag; g+kpapy; Vw;gLj;jpajhy; [dq;fspd; MAR ehl;fs; kpf mjpfkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.  40 ehl;fs; [yg;gpusaj;jpd;NghJ thdj;jpd; kjF vdg;gLk; ePh;f;Nfhsj;jpd; jz;zPh; fPNo nfhl;bajhy; ,e;jj; jz;zPh; mLf;F ntWikahdJ.

7 : 10 – 12 @ 17 – 23 – vy;yh kiyfSf;Fk; Nkyhf 22 ½ mb cauj;jpw;Fj; jz;zPh; ngUfpaJ vd Ntjhfkk; $Wfpd;wJ.  ,e;j [yg;gpusakhdJ Gtpapay; khWjy;fshy; kpfg;nghpjhd rpfuq;fs; cz;lhtjw;F Kd;dh; epfo;e;j rk;gtk; vd;gij epidtpy; nfhsSjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j [yg;gpusak; g+kpapd; vy;yh ,lj;jpYk; nkhj;jkhf epfohky; Fwpg;gpl;l xU gFjpapy; kl;Lk; ele;jJ vdr; rpyh; tpthjpf;fpd;wdh;.  Mdhy; cyfshtpa [yg;gpusaj;jpw;fhd cWjpahd Mjhuq;fis ,q;Nf ftdpf;fyhk;.

cyfshtpa [yg;gpusaj;jpw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;

1. [yg;gpusakhdJ Ngio muuhj; kiyapy; jq;Ftjw;F Kd; g+kpapy; 371 ehl;fshff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

2. Nehthtpd; FLk;gj;ijj; jtpu Vida kDf;Fyk; midj;ijAk; mopg;gNj ,e;j [yg;gpusaj;jpd; Nehf;fk; (Mjp. 6 : 5 – 7 @ 11 – 13).

3. ,NaR fpwp];J gpusaj;ijf; Fwpj;J nfhLj;j rhl;rp ,ij cWjpnra;fpd;wJ (Y}f;. 17 : 26> 27).

4. ,J xU Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpy; kl;Lk; epfo;e;jpUe;jhy; Ngioapd; Njit cz;lhapUf;fhJ.

5. gpusak; Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpy; kl;Lk; epfo;e;jpUe;jhy; Ngioapd; msTk; ,t;tsT nghpjhf ,Uf;fj; Njitapy;iy.

6. [yg;gpusaj;jpd; Mok; ,J xU cyfshtpa rk;gtk; vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

7. ,J cyfshtpaJ vd;gijg; NgJUtpd; rhl;rp ep&gpf;fpd;wJ. (2 NgJ. 3 : 3 – 7)

7 : 11 – 24 – [yg;gpusakhdJ Nehthtpd; 600-tJ tajpy; g+kpapy;  Muk;gpj;J 601-tJ tajpy; mjhtJ 371-tJ ehspy; Kbtile;jJ.

[yg;gpusaj;jpd; tptu thpirg; gl;bay; (7 : 11 – 24)

VII.    kDf;Fyj;jpd; kPJ Njtdpd; g+uzkhd fhprid (8 : 1-19)

          “epidj;jUspdhh;” vDk; thh;j;ij Njitia mwpe;J jUk; Njtdpd; fhpridia typAWj;JtjhAs;sJ (8 : 1).  Ntjhfkj;jpd; NtW rpy gFjpfspYk; ,Nj fUj;jpy; ,e;j thh;j;ij gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ (Mjp. 19 : 22 @ 30 : 22 @ ahj;. 2 : 24).  Ngioapd; cs;NsAk;> ntspapYk; kdpjh;kPJ Njtdpd; fhpridia ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ.  [yk; tw;wpg;Nghjy; (8 : 2 – 19).  g+kp cyh;e;J Nghtjw;F ,U Kf;fpa fhuzq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld.  Njtd; ngUq;fhw;iw tPrg;gz;zpdhh; (8 : 1).  ,J gaq;fukhd miyia Vw;gLj;jpaJ.  NkYk; jz;zPiu Mtpahfr; nra;jJ.  ,jdhy; kpfg;ngUkstpyhd cg;G g+kpapy; jq;fpaJ vd Gtpapay; epGzh;fs; ek;gp tpsf;fkspf;fpd;wdh;.  NkYk;> ,e;jj; jz;zPh; tw;wpg;Nghd fhyj;jpy;jhd; mNef Gtpapay; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;L fly; kl;lk; jho;j;jg;gl;bUf;ff;$Lk;.  ,jdhy; kiyfs; Nkyhf vOg;gg;gl;L kpfg;nghpa rpfuq;fs; Vw;gl;bUf;ff;$Lk;.  (rq;. 104 : 6-9).  g+kpahdJ gy yl;rf;fzf;fhd Mz;LfSf;F Kd; Njhd;wpaJ vd $wg;gLk; fzpg;ig khw;wp rpy Mapu tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dh; g+kp cz;lhf;fg;gl;lJ vDk; Ntjhfk cz;ik rhh;e;j Gtpapay; tpsf;fk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

VIII.  Njtdpd; g+uzkhd cld;gbf;if (8 : 20 – 9 : 29)

          “Nehth xU gypgPlj;ijf; fl;bdhd;” (8 : 20).  NgioapypUe;J Nehth ,wq;fpa cld; Njtid Muhjpj;jhd;.  Rj;j kpUfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp NjtDf;Fg; gyp nrYj;jpdhd;.  ,J mtdJ jpahfj;ijAk;> mw;gzj;ijAk; fhl;LfpwJ.  mtdJ nraypy; Njtd; jpUg;jpaile;J Xh; cld;gbf;ifia Vw;gLj;jpdhh; (8 : 21).  ,dp xUNghJk; g+kpia [yg;gpusaj;jhy; mopg;gjpy;iy vd thf;Ff; nfhLj;jhh; (9 : 9).  ,e;j [yg;gpusaj;NjhL “kdrhl;rpapd; fhyk;” Kbtile;jJ.  “kdpj MSikfhyk;” njhlq;fpaJ. (9 : 1).

,e;jg; Gjpa fhyj;jpw;fhd Njt fl;lis gpd;tUgtw;iwf; nfhz;lJ

1. Nehth kw;Wk; mtdJ kfd;fs; g+kpia epug;g Ntz;Lk; (9 : 1> 7).

2. tpyq;fpdq;fis Mz;L nfhs;Sjy; (9 : 2)

3. kdpjDf;Fg; GJtif czT (9 : 3> 4). ,q;Nf Kjd;Kjyhf Njtd; tpyq;fpdq;fspd; khk;rj;ij cz;Zk;gb kdpjDf;F mDkjpaspf;fpd;whh;.  Mdhy; mtw;wpd; ,uj;jj;ij mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. Vnddpy;; ght kd;dpg;gpd; gpuhar;rpj;jj;jpw;fhd nghUshf ,J NJtdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ (Nytp. 17 : 11).

4. gpujhd jz;lid epWtg;gl;lJ (9 : 5> 9). jpl;lkpl;L nfhiy nra;Ak; ve;j xU kdpjDk;; xl;Lnkhj;j rKjhaj;jpduhy;  nfhiy nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. tpyq;fpdj;ij czTf;fhf mbg;gJ kdpjdpd; cs;sj;jpy; gpw kdpjidAk; rhjhuzkhf nfhiy nra;Ak; vz;zj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$lhJ.  kdpjd; Njt rhaypy; gilf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy; mtid NtnwhUtd; nfhiy nra;Ak;NghJ jz;lid nfhLj;jy; kpfTk; mtrpak;.   Njtd; kdpjDf;Ff; nfhLf;Fk; ,e;j Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; nfhz;buhj ve;jr; rKjhaKk; tpiutpy; mope;JtpLk;.  ,e;jg; gpujhd jz;lid ,d;Dk; Njt fl;lisahy; epWj;jg;gltpy;iy (Nuh. 13 : 4-5).

NehthNthL Njtdpd; cld;gbf;if (9 : 8-19)

                    [yg;gpusaj;jpdhy; g+kpia ,dp mopg;gjpy;iy vDk; epge;jidaw;w cld;gbf;ifia Njtd; Nehth kw;Wk; mtd; FLk;gj;jpdNuhL Vw;gLj;jpdhh; (rq;.  104 : 9@ NahG 38 : 10).  ,e;j cld;gbf;ifapd; milahskhf thdtpy; cz;lhdJ (Mjp. 17 : 11@ ahj;. 31 : 13).  kio ePh;j;Jspfspd; Clhf xsp nry;Yk;NghJ ,e;j thdtpy; cz;lhfpwJ.  Nehth Kd;dh; xU NghJk; ,J Nghd;w thdtpy;iyg; ghh;j;jpUf;f khl;lhh;.  [yg;gpusaj;jpw;F Kd; kio nga;atpy;iy vd;gij ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ.  “epj;jpa cld;gbf;ifia ehd; epidT$Uk; gbf;F” (9 : 16) Njtd; jdJ cld;gbf;ifia kwg;gjpy;iy.  Mdhy; ,t;thh;j;ij Njtd; jdJ thf;Fj;jj;jj;jpy; cz;ikAs;sth;> khwhjth; vd;gij kdpjDf;F epidg;g+l;Lk;gbahf kdpj mwpTf;Fg; GhpAk;gb $wg;gl;Ls;sjhFk;.. MfNt> Njtdpd; cz;ik kw;Wk; thf;Fj;jj;jj;ij epidg;g+l;Ltjhf thdtpy; ,Uf;fpwJ.

          Nehthtpd; FLk;gk; (9 : 20-29)

                   mNdfkhf Nehth [yg;gpusaj;jpd; Kd; nfhz;bUe;j jdJ ,ay;ghd tof;fj;jpd;gb jpuhl;rurk; mUe;jpapUf;fyhk;.  Mdhy; g+kpapd; Nkyhd ePh; mLf;Fg; glyk; [yg;gpusaj;jpy; khw;wg;gl;bUe;jJ.  vdNt> #hpa fjph;fs; mjpf msT tPhpaj;Jld; Neubahf g+kpapy; tPrpajhy; jpuhl;irurk; Gspj;Jg; Nghijia Vw;gLj;jpajhf ,Ue;jJ.  ,ijf; Fwpj;J Nehth ve;j mwpTk; a+fpf;f ,ayhjtuhapUe;jjhy; Nghij epiyia re;jpf;f Neh;e;jJ.  kfd; fhk; KjyhtJ ghh;j;jhd;.  gpd;G rNfhjuhplk; Vsdkhff; $wpdhd;.  Mdhy; kw;w kfd;fs; mijf; fz;L mtUf;F kjpg;G nfhLf;Fk; tifapy; mtuJ ntl;fj;ij kiwf;fj; Jzpapdhy; %bdh;;.  vdNt Nehth fhik rgpj;jhh;.  Mdhy; Nrk; kw;Wk; ahNgj;ij MrPh;tjpj;jhh;.  ,J kdpjdhy; kdpjDf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l Kjy; rhgkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. (Mjp. 3 : 14> 15).  mNefkhf ,e;j rhgj;jpdpkpj;jkhf fhkpd; re;jjpapduhd fhdhdpah;fs; ,];uNtyhpd; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; Nrk; tk;rj;jpdUf;F (vgpNua th;f;fj;jpd; je;ij) mbikfshapdh;.

1. IX. Nehthtpd; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J Njrq;fs; cUthd tpjk; (10 : 1 – 11 : 32)

                   %d;W Kf;fpa fhuzq;fSf;fhf 10-k; mjpfhuj;jpy; Nehthtpd; kfd;fspd; tk;r tuyhW jug;gl;Ls;sJ.  (1) Nehthtpd; tk;r tuyhw;iwj; njhpag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf.  (2) Njrq;fs; cUthd tpjj;ijAk; rpjwpd tpjj;ijAk; ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf.  (3) Nrk;; tk;rj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; Mgpufhk; vDk; kdpjid njhpe;njLj;J mth; %yk; ghtpfis ,ul;rpf;Fk; fpwp];Jitj; je;J jdJ epj;jpa jpl;lj;ij epiwNtw;Wk; topia ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F. (fyh. 3 : 16 – 18).

                   Nfhkh;> khNfhF> khjha; Nghd;w Njrq;fs; ahNgj;jpd; kfd;fs; %yk; cz;lhapd (10 : 2-5).  mth;fs; ,g;NghJ Nkw;Nf Vrpad; fly; gFjpapYk;> tlf;Nf INuhg;ghtpYk;> fpof;Nf MrpahtpYk; guk;gp fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.  ,th;fs; mNdfkhf Nehthtpd; MrPh;thjj;jpdhy; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; ngyk; epiwe;jth;fshdhh;fs; (9 : 27).  rpy ahNgj;jpah;fs; kPNj];> fpNuf;fh;fs;> rPg;GU kw;Wk; u\;ahtpy; fye;J fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.

                   kp];uhapdpah; (vfpg;J)> fhdhd;> ghNgy; (ghgpNyhd;)> epdpNt (mrPhpahtpd; xU gFjp)> ngyp];jpah;fs;. rPNjhd; (Ngdp\pah) kw;Wk; vg+rpah;fs; (,g;Nghija vUrNyk;) Nghd;w Njrq;fs; fhkpd; kfd; %yk; Njhd;wpd. (10 : 6 – 20).  fhg;Njhh; (fhg;Njhhpk;) vd;gJ ,g;NghJs;s fpNuj;jh vd;Dk; jPT> ,J ngyp];jpah;fspd; g+h;tPf ,lk;.  ,th;fs; ngyp];jpahtpd; JiwKfg; gFjp topahf gilnaLj;J ,t;tplj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpdh; (10 : 14@ vNu. 47 : 4 @ MNkh]; 9 : 7).  epk;Nuhj; vd;gtUk; Kf;fpakhd xUth;.(10 : 8-12).  epk;Nuhj; vd;gjw;F “gpbthjf;fhud;” vd;gJ nghUs;.  epk;Nuhj; Kjd;Kjypy; kdpj MSifiaf; nfhz;l xU uh[;aj;ij Vw;gLj;jpath; vd ty;Yeh;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdh;. ,th; kdpjid mbikg;gLj;jp uh[;aj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; gyk; cilatuhifahy; NjtDf;F Kd; “nghpa Ntl;ilf;fhud;” vd;wiof;fg;gl;lhh;.

                    Vyhk; (gioa ngh;\pah;fs;)> m#h; (mrPhpah;fs;)> Muhk; (rPhpahtpYs;s muhkpah;fs;)> Y}j; (yPjpah;fs;) kw;Wk; VNgh; (vgpNuah;fspd; Kd;Ndhh;) Mfpa Njrq;fs; Nrk;-d; kfd;fs; %yk; Njhd;wpd (10 : 21 – 31).  Mgpufhk; NgNyf;rpd; top te;jtd; (Y}f;. 3 : 34-35) trdq;fs; 25 – 32-y; $wg;gl;Ls;s Njrq;fspd; gphpTfs; vd;gJ g+kpapy; gphpf;fg;gl;l fz;lq;;fisf; Fwpf;fpd;wd vd mNef ty;Yeh;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdh;.  NtW rpy ty;Yeh;fs; ,e;jg; gphpT ghNgy; NfhGuj;jpy; ntspg;gl;l ghi\fspdhy; cz;lhd gphpT vdf; fUJfpd;wdh;.

          ghNgy; NfhGuk; (11 : 1 – 9)

                   mth;fs; Ngrpd nkhop>rpNeahh; gFjp mike;jpUe;j ,lk; Nghd;witfisj; njspthf mwpa Kbatpy;iy.  Mdhy; rpyh; ,J nkrgNlhkpahtpd; tl gFjpapYs;sjhf vz;Zfpd;wdh;.  ngUikapdpkpj;jk; midtUk; xd;wpize;J NfhGuk; fl;Ltjw;F Kw;gl;ldh;.  ,f;NfhGuk; thdj;ijj; njhlNtz;Lk; vDk; Nehf;fpy; fl;lg;gltpy;iy.  Vnddpy;  NfhGuj;ijf; fl;b thdj;ijj; njhl xUtuhYk; KbahJ.  khwhf ,jd; Nkw;gFjp thdj;ij Nehf;fpajhf MjhtJ thd Njtijfs; vd fUjg;gLk; #hpad;> re;jpud;> el;rj;jpuk; Mfpatw;wpw;F Neuhf kpf caukhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vDk; vz;zj;NjhL fl;lg;gl;lJ.  rpU\;bfUf;Fg; gjpyhf rpU\;bia Muhjpf;f mth;fs; Kaw;rpj;jdh;.  vdNt> Njtd; mth;fsJ ghi\fisr; Nrh;e;J rpe;jpf;f Kbahj tifapy; jhWkhwhf;fpdhh;.  ‘ghNgy;’ vd;gjw;F ‘Fog;Gjy;’ my;yJ ;rpjwbj;jy;’ vd;gJ nghUs;.  kf;fs; cldbahf rpjwbf;fg;gl;bUe;Jk; nkhj;j rpjwbg;G cynfq;Fk; nrd;wila gy tUlq;fs; Mapd.

          Mgpufhkpd; %jhijah; tk;r tuyhW (11 : 10 – 32)

                   Mgpufhkpd; cz;ikahd ngah; Mgpuhk; (11 : 27> 29).  ,th; “Nrk;” tk;rtopapy; te;jth; (11 : 15> 16 @ Y}f;. 3 : 34> 35).  Nehthtpd; fhyj;jpy; 950 tajhf ,Ue;j kdpjdpd; MAl;fhyk; gj;J re;jjpapdUf;Fg; gpd; Mgpufhkpd; fhyj;jpy; 175 vd ntFthff; Fiwe;J tpl;lJ.  ,J Kd;dilahskhf Mjp. 6 : 3-y; (120 tUlq;fs;) vdf; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  ghNgYf;F Ie;J re;jjpf;Fg; gpd;dh; Mgpufhk; gpwe;jhh;.

1. Mgpufhkpd; miog;G kw;Wk; tho;f;if (12 : 1 – 23 : 20)

          ,];uNty; tuyhW Muk;gk; :  Mgpufhkpd; miog;gpypUe;J ,];uNtypd; tuyhW Muk;gkhfpd;wJ.  ,];uNty; xU Njrkhf miktjpy; ,U Kf;fpa tuyhw;Wr; rk;gtq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.  Kjy; rk;gtkhdJ fp.K.2000-y; Njtd; Mgpufhik ,];uNtypd; Kjy; jfg;gdhf khw;Wk;gbahf Ch; vDk; fy;Njahh; gl;lzkhd mtdJ nrhe;j Njrj;ijAk; [dj;ijAk;> jfg;gd; tPl;lhuidtiuAk; tpl;L ntspNa tUk;gb mioj;j miog;G MFk; (12 : 1 – 3).  ,e;j miog;G ,];uNty; kf;fSf;F jdp tk;rk; vDk; NtWghl;ilf; nfhLj;jJ. Mjp. 12 – 20 tiuA;ss gFjpfs; Mgpufhkpd; fPo;g;gbjiyAk; Gjpa Njrj;jpy; mtdJ Njhy;tpiaAk; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.  ,uz;lhtJ Kf;fpa rk;gtk; fp.K.1440-y; Njtd; rPdha; kiyapy; NkhNrf;F epahag;gpukhzk; nfhLj;j rk;gtk; MFk;.  ,e;j epahag;gpukhzk; ,];uNtyhpd; murpaYf;F milg;gilaha; ,Ue;jJ.  ,J Njt Ml;rpahf (,iw Ml;rp) ,Ue;jJ (ahj;. 20 – 40)

          mjpfhuk; 12 –  Njtd; Mgpufhik mioj;J thf;Fj;jj;jj;ij mtDf;Ff; nfhLj;jhh;.  NjtDila thf;Fj;jj;jkhdJ xU Njrk; kw;Wk; nghpa vz;zpf;ifapyhd kf;fs; (1-3> 7) Nghd;wtw;iwf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.  Njtd; Mgpufhik mioj;J Nrhjpj;jhh;.  ,e;jr; nrhjid ,Utpjj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.  miog;gpw;Ff; fPo;g;gbtjd; %yk; Nrhjpj;jy; (12 : 4 – 9) kw;Wk; gQ;rj;jpd; %yk; Nrhjpj;jy; (12 : 10-20).  fhdhdpy; gQ;rk; Nehpl;lNghJ Mgpufhk; iey; ejpapdpkpj;jk; nropg;gha; ,Ue;j vfpg;jpw;Fg; ngah;e;J nrd;whh;.  mJ mtUf;F mtuJ kidtpf;F; gpur;ridaha; jPh;e;jJ.

          Fwpg;G :  Ch; vd;Dk; fy;Njahh; gl;lzj;jpypUe;J thf;Fj;jj;jj;jpd; ,lkhd fhdhd; Njrj;jpw;Fr; nry;y Mgpufhk; 1500 iky;fs; gpuahzk; nra;;jhh;.

          mjpfhuk; 13 – Mgpufhik Njtd; mioj;jhh;.  Nyhj;ij my;y. Mdhy; Mgpufhk; jd;NdhL Nyhj;ijAk; $l;br; nrd;whh;.  Nyhj;jpd; kD\h;fSf;Fk; Mgpufhkpd; kD\h;fSf;FkpilNa thf;FthjKz;lhd NghJ MgpufhKf;F kpFe;j Fog;gk; Nehpl;lJ.  vdpDk; nja;t gak; epiwe;j Mgpufhk; kpfTk; rkhjhdkhd Kiwapy; nray;gl;L Nyhj;Jtplk; mtDf;F tpUg;gkhd ,lj;ijj; njhpe;J nfhs;Sk;gb $wpdhh;.

          mjpfhuk; 14 – fpof;F Njrj;jpd; uh[hthfpa nfjh;yhNfhNkh; vd;gth; NrhNjhk; kw;Wk; NfhNkuhtpd; uh[hf;fis mbikg;gLj;jpapUe;jhh;.  12 Mz;Lfs; mbikj;jdj;jpypUe;j ,th;fs; nfjh;y;yhNfhNkUf;F vjpuhf fyfk; gz;zpdh;.  ,jdhy; fyfj;ij Kwpabf;Fk;gb nfjh;yhNfhNkh; uh[h rpNeahhpd; uh[hf;fs; kw;Wk; vyhrhy; (1) MfpNahUld; rtf;flypd; mUfhikapy; NghUf;Ff; $l;b te;jdh;.   gpd;dh; NrhNjhik Kwpabj;J mjd; [dq;fisAk;> nghUl;fisAk; Nyhj;J cl;gl mNefiur; rpiwgpbj;Jr; nrd;wdh;.  ,ijawpe;j Mgpufhk; jdJ Ml;fSld; fpof;F Njrj;J uh[hTf;F vjpuhfr; nrd;W (mNefkhf <uhd;> <uhf; kw;Wk; JUf;fpapd; uh[h) mtid Kwpabj;J Nyhj;Jit tpLtpj;Jf; nfhz;L te;jdh;.  ntw;wpNahL jpUk;gp tUk; topapy; ,U uh[hf;fs; Mgpufhikr; re;jpf;f Neh;e;jJ.  mth;fspy; xUth; nky;fpN\jf; vDk; rhNykpd; uh[h (vUrNyk;).  ,e;j nky;fpN\jf; vd;Dk; uh[h ePjpguh;.   ,th; Mrhhpadhff; fhzg;gl;llhh;.  MfNt> Mgpufhk; ,tUf;F jrk ghfk; nfhLj;jhd;.  gpd;G> NtnwhU uh[hitAk; Mgpufhk; re;jpj;jhh;.  mth; NrhNjhkpd; uh[h.  ,e;j uh[h jdJ vy;yh cilikfisAk; MgpufhKf;Ff; nfhLf;f Kd;te;jhh;.  Mdhy; ,th; Mgpufhkpd; Njtd; Nky; ek;gpf;ifapy;yhjtuhifahy; mtdplkpUe;J vijAk; Mgpufhk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy.

          Fwpg;G :  Mgpufhk; guNjrpfshd xU FOtpw;Fj; jiytdhf ,Ue;jhd;.  vdpDk; mtd; mth;fis nja;t gaj;jpw;F Neuha; elj;jpdhd;.  fpof;F Njrj;J uh[hit Kwpabj;jgbapdhy; Mgpufhk; rh;tNjr uhZtj;jiytdhfTk; jpfo;e;jhh;.  ,J Mgpufhik xU rpwe;j FLk;gj; jiytdhfTk;> rKjhaj; jiytdhfTk;> rkaj; jiytdhfTk;> murpay; jiytdhfTk; uhZtj; jiytdhfTk; cah;j;jpaJ vdyhk;.

          mjpfhuk; 15 –  ,e;j mjpfhuj;jpy; Njtd; MgpufhNkhL xU cld;gbf;ifia Vw;gLj;Jfpwhh;.  mJ “Mgpufhkpd; cld;gbf;if” vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ (1-5).  mtd; Njtdpd; cld;gbf;ifia ek;gpdhd;.  mJ mtDf;F ePjpahf vz;zg;gl;lJ (15 : 6).  ,e;j cld;gbf;if mtdJ re;jjpapdiuAk; xU Njrj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpaJ (5> 7).  cldgbf;ifia Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tpjkhf Mgpufhk; gyp nrYj;jpdhd;.  goq;fhy tof;fg;gb cld;gbf;if nra;Ak;NghJ xU tpyq;F gyp nrYj;jg;gLk;.  ,uz;L Jz;lhf ntl;lg;gl;l gypapd; ,U Jz;lq;fSf;Fk; eLthf cld;gbf;if nra;Ak; ,U jug;gpdUk; ele;J nry;th;.  MapDk; ,e;jg; gyp nrYj;jpa Mgpufhk; mah;e;j epj;jpiuaile;jhd;.  NjtNd Jz;lhf;fg;gl;l gypiaf; fle;J nrd;whh;.  vdNt> ,J epge;jidaw;w cld;gbf;if vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.  ,e;j cld;gbf;ifia Njtd; Vw;gLj;jpa mNj Ntisapy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,];uNty; kf;fs; vfpg;jpy; 400 Mz;Lfs; mbikfshf f\;lg;gLthh;fs; vd;gijAk; Kd;Diuj;jhh; (13 – 16).  ,q;Nf milahskhf nrhy;yg;gLk; re;jjpapdh; Nytp> Nfh`hj;> mk;uhk; kw;Wk; NkhNr MfpNahuhth;.

          mjpfhuk; 16 – goq;fhy tof;fg;gb Foe;ij ngw Kbahj epiyapYs;s xU ngz; jdJ Ntiyf;fhhpia fztDf;Ff; Foe;ij ngWtjw;fhff; nfhLg;gJ tof;fj;jpypUe;jJ.  NjtDila thf;Fj;jj;jk; epiwNtwf; fhj;jpUg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf rhuhs; ,e;j cyf tof;fj;ijf; filgpbj;jhs;.  ,t;thwhf mts; Mfhiu MgpufhKf;F kidtpahff; nfhLj;jjdhy; ,];kNty; vDk; kfd; gpwe;jhd;.  ,e;j kfd; khk;rj;jpd;gbahdtd;> thf;Fj;jj;jj;jpd;gbahdtd; my;y (fyh. 4 : 23).  ,];kNty; gpwf;Fk;NghJ MgpufhKf;F 86 taJ.

          mjpfhuk; 17 –  mgpufhkpd; 99-tJ tajpy; Njtd; mtUf;Fj; kPz;Lk; jhprdkhtjw;Fk; ,];kNtypd; gpwg;gpw;FkpilNa 13 tUlq;fs; fle;J nrd;wd.  Njtd; kPz;Lk; jdJ cld;gbf;ifiaf; $wpdhh;.  mjw;F milahskhf KjyhtJ Njtd; Mgpuhk; (cah;j;jg;gl;l je;ij) vDk; ngaiu Mgpufhk; (jpushd [dq;fspd; jfg;gd;) vd khw;wpdhh; (4 – 6).  ,uz;lhtjhf tpUj;jNrjdk; vDk; milahsj;ijf; fl;lisapl;lhh; (7 – 13). MgpufhKk; mtdJ kdpjh;fSk; cldbahf tpUj;jNrjdk; nra;jdh; (26> 27).  ,e;j tof;fpd;gb ,g;NghJk; ,];kNtyh;fs; jq;fsJ Mz;fSf;F 13-tJ tajpy; tpUj;jNrjdk; nra;fpd;wdh;.  Mdhy; ,jid mDrhpj;j a+jh;fs; 8-tJ ehspy; tpUj;jNrjdk; gz;zpdh; (Y}f;. 2 : 21 @ gpyp. 3 : 5).

          mjpfhuk; 18-19 –   ,e;j mjpfhuq;fspy; Mgpufhikr; re;jpj;j %d;W kdpjh;fspy; ,Uth; J}jh;fs;.  kw;nwhUth; fh;j;jh; (18 : 13> 17 @ 19 : 1).  ntF tpiutpy; MgpufhKf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; thf;Fj;jj;jj;jpd; kfidf; Fwp;j;J fh;j;jh; mtDf;Ff; $wpdhh; (18 : 1 – 15).  NkYk;> Xhpdr;Nrh;f;if ghtj;jhy epiwe;J Jd;khh;f;fkha; tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j (19 : 5) NrhNjhk; gl;lzj;ij tpiutpy; mof;fg;Nghtijf; Fwpj;Jk; Mgpufhkplk; $wpdhh;.  Mgpufhk; me;jj; Njrj;jpw;fhfg; ghpe;J Ngrpdhd;.  Mdhy; me;jj; Njr kf;fspy; xU ePjpkhDk; ,y;iy.  Njtd; ePjpkhdhf ,Ue;j Nyhj;ij tpLtpj;jhh;.  MdhYk; mtd; kidtp cg;Gj;J}z; Mdhs;.  (19 : 26)@ Nyhj;jpd; kfs;fs; xOf;ff;Nflhf mth;fsJ jfg;gd; %yk; kfd;fisg; ngw;wdh; (19 : 30 – 38).

          mjpfhuk; 20 :  Mgpufhk; vfpg;jpy; nra;jJ Nghd;w jdJ kidtpf;F vjpuhf jtiw kPz;Lk;  nra;jhd;.  ,Ue;jhYk;> Njtd; rhuhis mgpkNyf;fplkpUe;J tpLtpj;jhh;.  Njtd; mgpkNyf;Ff;F Gj;jpkjpaspj;jhh; (6> 7).  Mgpufhk; tUq;fhy rk;gtq;fs; vijf;Fwpj;Jk; Kd;dwptpf;fhjtuhf ,Ue;Jk; Njtd; Mgpufhikj; jPh;f;fjhprp vd mwptpj;jhh; (20 : 7).  fhuzk; Mgpufhk; xU cz;ikahd tpRthrpahf ,Ue;jhh;.

          mjpfhuk; 21 :  thf;Fj;jj;jk; gz;zg;gl;l kfd; gpwe;jhd;> Mgpufhk; mtDf;F <rhf;F (nghUs; – eifg;G) vdg; ngahpl;lhd;.  ,];kNty; mtidg; ghpfhrk; nra;jhd;.  mJ rhuhSf;F tUj;jkhapUe;jjhy; ,];kNtYk; mtd; jha; MfhUk; rpwpjsT czTld; ntspNa Juj;jg;gl;ldh; (8-14).  ,Ug;gpDk; Njtd; ,];kNtiy xU [hjpahf;FNtd; vd;W $wp MrPh;tjpj;jhh;.  (15 – 21).  gpd;dh; Mgpufhk; ngyp];jpa uh[hthd mgpkNyf;Fld; cld;gbf;if nra;jhd;.  mNdfkhf mgpkNyf;F vd;gJ ngyp];jpa uh[hf;fspd; gl;lg;ngauhf (nghJg; ngah;) ,Uf;fyhk;.   ngah;nrghtpy; Mgpufhk; Njtid tzq;fpdhd; (21 : 33).

          mjpfhuk; 22-23 :  kpf Kf;fpakhd mjpfhuq;fspy; ,JTk; xd;W.  Njtd; Mgpufhkplk; jdJ xNu kfdhd <rhf;ifg; gyp nrYj;JkhW Nfl;L mtidg; ghpNrhjpj;jhh;.  epr;rakhf Njtd; Mgpufhkpd; ,Ujaj;ij mwpe;jpUe;jhh;.  Mdhy; mtdJ tpRthrj;ij ek;ikg; Nghd;w gpwUf;F ep&gpj;J vLj;Jf;fhl;l tpUk;gpdhh;.  fPo;g;gbe;j Mgpufhk; jdJ kfidg; gypnrYj;j Nkhhpah vd;Dk; kiyf;Fr; nrd;whh;.  gpw;fhyj;jpy; vUrNyk; Njthyak; ,g;gFjpapy; fl;lg;gl;lJ vdr; rpyh; ek;Gfpd;wdh;.  gpd;dh; Mgpufhk; ngah;nrgh vd;w ,lj;jpw;Ff; fle;J nrd;whh;.  ,e;j ,lk; (ngah;nrgh) MgpufhKf;Fk;> <rhf;Ff;Fk; kpf Kf;fpakhd  topghl;L ,lkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ (21 : 33).  rhuhs; jdJ 127-tJ tajpy; khpj;Jg; Nghdhs;.  mtis Mgpufhk; jdJ nrhe;j epykhf thq;fg;gl;l kf;Ngyh vDk; ,lj;jpy; mlf;fk; nra;jhd;.  mg;nghJ MgpufhKf;F 137 taJ> <rhf;fpw;F 37 taJ.

1. <rhf;fpd; tho;f;if (24 : 1 – 26 : 35)

          mjpfhuk; 24 :  ,g;NghJ MgpufhKf;F 140 taJ (25 : 20 @ 21 : 5).  mtd; <rhf;fpw;Fj; jpUkzk; xOq;F nra;a epidj;jhd;.  jdJ Ntiyahs; vypNariuj; njhpe;Jnfhz;L <rhf;fpw;F kidtpiaf; fz;Lgpbf;f MNyhridaspj;jhd;.  fhdhdpah;fs; rpiy topghL nra;gth;fshfTk;> Jd;khh;f;fkhdth;fshfTk; ,Ue;jjhy; jdJ kfDf;F mq;Nf ngz; nfhs;s tpUk;gtpy;iy.  nkrgl;NlhkpahtpypUe;J ngz; nfhs;s tpUk;gpj; jdJ Ntiyf;fhuid 450 iky;fSf;F mg;ghYs;s ,lj;jpw;F mDg;gpdd;.  mq;fpUe;J mtd; jdJ v[khdpd; kfDf;F Vw;w xU Jizia NjtDila topelj;Jjypd;gb njhpe;J nfhz;L te;jhd;.

          mjpfhuk; 25 : Mgpufhk; Mfhiug; Nghy; nfj;J}uhs; vDk; Ntiyf;fhhpiaj; jpUkzk; nra;jpUe;jhh;.  mts; MWkfd;fisg; ngw;whs;.  <rhf;F jdJ Rje;juj;ijg; ngWtjw;fhf Mgpufhk; mth;fs; MWNgiuAk; fpof;FKfkha; mDg;gpdhd;.  (1-6) Mgpufhk; jdJ 175 tajpy; khpj;jhd;.  mg;NghJ <rhf;fpw;F 75 taJ.  Vrh> ahf;Nfhgpw;F 15 taJ.  ,e;j mjpfhuk; ,];kNtypd; tk;rj;ijAk; (12-18> <rhf;fpd; tk;rj;ijAk; (19-34) gl;baypLfpd;wJ.  <rhf;F NuNgf;fhis kze;j NghJ mtDf;F taJ 40@ gpd;dh; 19 tUlq;fs; mth;fSf;Fg; gps;isapy;yhjpUe;jJ.  gpd;dh; Vrh> ahf;NfhG vDk; ,ul;ilf; Foe;ijfisg; ngw;whs;.  Vrhtpd; re;jjpahh; VNjhkpah;fs;@ ahf;Nfhgpd; re;jjpah; ,];uNtyh;fs;.  cld;gbf;ifapd;gbahd MrPh;thjk; <rhf;fpd; %yk; ahf;NfhGf;Fr; nrd;wJ.  Vnddpy;> Vrh jdJ Nr\;lGj;jpu ghfj;ij ahf;NfhGf;F tpw;Wg; Nghl;lhd;.

          mjpfhuk; 26 :  <rhf;F re;jpj;j gy gpur;ridfs; ,q;F $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.  ,e;jg; gpur;ridfs; %yk; Njtd; mtidf; NfuhhpypUe;J ngah;nrghTf;F topelj;jpdhh;.  Mgpufhkpd; Kf;fpa topghl;L ];jyk; ngah;nrghtpy; ,Ue;jJ (21 : 33).  <rhf;F ngah;nrghtpw;Fr; nrd;w NghJ Njtd; mtDf;Fj; jhprdkhfp MgpufhKf;Ff; nfhLj;j cld;gbf;ifia Qhgf%l;bg; GJg;gpj;jhh; (26 : 23-25).  <rhf;fpd;Nky; Njt MrPh;thjk; ,Ug;gij czh;e;j mgpkNyf;F mtNdhL rkhjhd cld;gbf;ifia Vw;gLj;jpdhd;. (26-33).  ,r;rkaj;jpy; Vj;jpahpd; ngz;fspy; ,Utiu Vrh kze;jhh;.  ,th;fs; ,UtUk; <rhf;F kw;Wk; nuNgf;fhtpw;F kd NehthapUe;jhh;fs;.

XII.    ahf;Nfhgpd; tho;f;if (27 : 1 – 35 : 29)

          mjpfhuk; 27 :  ahf;NfhG vt;thW Vrhit tQ;rpj;J <rhf;fplkpUe;J MrPh;thjj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhd; vd;gij tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

            mjpfhuk; 28 :  ahf;NfhG jdJ khkhtpd; tPl;bw;Fj; jg;gpr; nry;Yk;gb tPl;iltpl;L Xbdhd; (1-5).  mNjNeuk; Vrh kPz;Lk; kzk; nra;jhd; (6-9).  jg;gpg; NghFk; topapy; ahf;NfhG xU jhprdj;ijg; ngj;Njypy; fz;lhd;. (10-22). ,g;NghJ ahf;NfhGf;F taJ 77.

          mjpfhuk; 29-30 –  yhghdpd; tPl;by; ahf;Nfhgpd; tho;f;ifiag; gw;wp ,g;gFjp tpsf;FfpwJ.  yhghdpd; ,U kfs;fshd Nyahs; kw;Wk; uhNfy; MfpNahiu kze;jhh;.  mth;fSk; mth;fsJ Ntiyf;fhhpfSkha; ahf;Nfhgpw;F 12 kfd;fSk; 1 kfSk; ngw;wdh;;.  me;j gd;dpuz;L kfd;fSk; ,];uNtypd; gd;dpuz;L Nfhj;jpuq;fshapdh;.  ahf;NfhGf;Fr; gpwe;j gps;isfs; Fwpj;j tptuk; fPo;fhZk;gb cs;sJ.

            mjpfhuk; 31-33 :  ahf;NfhG jdJ khkhtpw;F nkhj;jkhf 20 tUlq;fs; gzp nra;jhd; (14 tUlq;fs; ,U kidtpfSf;fhfTk;> 6 tUlq;fs; rk;ghj;jpaj;jpw;fhfTk;).  Mdhy; rk;gsk; nfhLg;gjpy; “yhghd; gyKiw ahf;Nfhig Vkhw;wpdhd;.  vdNt> mtd; ,ufrpakhf jd; ,U kidtpfs;> gps;isfs;> clikfSld; mq;fpUe;J jg;gpr; nrd;whd;. mt;thW NghFk;NghJ uhNfy; ,ufrpakha; jdJ jfg;gdhhpd; Fynja;tr; rpiyia (tpf;fpufk;) vLj;Jr; nrd;whs;.  ,jw;F %d;W fhuzq;fs; $wg;gLfpwJ.

1. ,e;jr; rpiyfs; cldpUg;gJ FLk;g cwtpw;Fk;> nropg;gpw;Fk; cj;juthjk; Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;W goq;fhy %l ek;gpf;if ,Ue;jJ. vdNt> ,jw;fhf ,e;jr; rpiyia mts; jpUbdhs;.

1. ,e;jf; FLk;gr; rpiyia itj;jpUg;gtUf;F ,jd; v[khdpd; cilikfs;; nrhe;jkhFk;. uhNfy; jdJ jfg;gdplkpUe;J Ra eyj;ij fw;wtshf ,Ue;jgbahy; ahf;Nfhgpd; cilikfisj; jdJ nry;tq;fNshL ,izf;Fk; jpl;lj;Jld; ,jidf; nfhz;L te;jpUf;fyhk;.

iii.      ,e;jr; rpiyfs; rpwg;ghd ghJfhg;igf; nfhLf;Fk; vdf; fUjg;gl;lJ.

          yhghd; jdJ rpiyfs; jpUlg;gl;lij mwpe;jTld; ahf;Nfhigg; gpd;njhlh;e;J fpNyahj; kiyf;F te;jhd;.  fbd thh;j;ijfSf;Fg; gpd; mtd; ahf;NfhGld; xU cld;gbf;if nra;jhd;.  ,J mNefkhf ahf;NfhG MuhDf;Fj; jpUk;gpr;nrd;W yhghdpd; cilikfis chpik NfhUtijj; jLf;Fk; Kd; vr;rhpg;G eltbf;ifahFk;.  ,e;jr; rk;gtj;jpw;Fg; gpd; jdJ rNfhjudhfpa Vrh jd;id vjph;g;gijf; Fwpj;J ahf;NfhG rpe;jpj;jhd;.  vdNt> ahg;Ngf;F vd;w ,lj;jpy; Njtid Nehf;fp Cf;fkha; n[gpj;jhd;.  mtd; fh;j;jUila J}jdplj;jpy; Nghuhbdhd;.  (fh;j;jUila J}jd; vd;gth; fpwp];Jtpd; Kd; mtjhuj; Njhw;wk; – fpwp];J kdpjdhf mtjhuk; vLg;gjw;F Kd; jw;fhypfkhf kdpjd;Kd;Njhd;wpa tpjk;) ,Wjpapy; fh;j;jh; mtid MrPh;tjpj;J mtd; ngaiu ,];uNty; vd khw;wpdhh; (Njtdplk; NghuhLgtd;) (32).  ahf;NfhG VrhTld; jpUk;g ,ize;jJ kpfTk; nka;rpyph;g;gjhfTk;> re;Njh\khfTk; ,Ue;jJ (33).

mjpfhuk; 34 – 35   ahf;NfhGila gps;isfspy mNefk;Ngh; Njt gak; Fiwe;jth;fshapUe;jdh;.  ,J ngw;Nwhhpd; nja;t gak; Fiwe;j tho;tpd; tpisNtahFk;. ahf;Nfhgpd; kfshd jPdhs; VNkhhpd; Fkhudhy; jPl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lhs; (34). ,jdhy; rpkpNahDk; NytpAk; rPNfkpd; kf;fisg; gopthq;fpdh;.  gpd;dh; ahf;NfhG MuhDf;Fg; NghFk; topapy; Njtd; jhprdkhd ,lkhfpa ngj;NjYf;Fr; nrd;whd;.  mq;Nf> Njtidj; njhOJnfhz;lhd;.  Njtd; jdJ Kw;gpjhf;fshd Mgpufhk;> kw;Wk; <rhf;fpw;Ff; nfhLj;j cld;gbf;ifia epidTgLj;jpdhh; (35 : 1-15).  gpd;dh; ngj;NjypypUe;J Gwg;gl;Lr; nry;Yk; topapy; ngd;akPd; gpwe;jNghJ (tyf;fuj;jpd; kfd;) uhNfy; khpj;Jg; Nghdhs;.  jdJ je;ij <rhf;F capNuhNl fhzg;gl;l me;ehl;fspy; ,td; jdJ gazj;ijj; njhlh;e;J 32 tUlq;fSf;Fg; gpd; vgpNuhDf;F te;jhd;.  rpy fhyj;Jf;Fg; gpd; <rhf;F jdJ 180 tajpy; (ahf;NfhG je;jpukhf MrPh;thjj;ij thq;fpa gpd; 43 tUlq;fs;) khpj;jhh;.  VrhTk;> ahf;NfhGk; mtid kf;Ngyh Fifapy; mlf;fk; nra;jdh;.

XIII.  Vrhtpd; tho;f;if (36 : 1 – 43)

Vrhtpd; tk;r tuyhW ,q;Nf jug;gl;Ls;sJ.  mtd; “VNjhk;” vd;Dk; ngaiuAk; cilatdhf ,Ue;jjhy; mtdJ tk;rj;jpdh; VNjhkpah;fs; vd;wiof;fg;gl;ldh;.  ,th;fs; NraPh; kiyg;gFjpapy; tho;e;jdh;.  (7> 8).  ,e;j kiy g+h;tj;jpy; XhpaUilajhapUe;jJ (20-30). Mdhy;> VNjhkpah;fs; me;j ,lj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpj; jq;fs; trkhf;fpdh;.

XIV.   NahNrg;gpd; tho;f;if (37 : 1 – 50 : 26)

mjpfhuk; 37 :  ahf;NfhG kpfTk; mjpfkha; Nerpj;j uhNfypd; Kjy; kfd; NahNrg;G. vdNt ahf;NfhG jdJ 12 kfd;fspy; NahNrg;ig mjpfkha; Nerpj;jhd;.  MapDk; NahNrg;gpd; rNfhjuh;fs; %d;W fhuzq;fspdhy; mtid ntWj;jdh;.  (1) NahNrg;G jdJ rNfhjuh;fspd; jPa nray;fisj; jfg;gdplk; mwptpj;jhd;.  (2) ahf;NfhG gytUz mq;fpia NahNrg;gpw;Ff; nfhLj;Jj; jdJ md;ig gfpuq;fkhf;fpdhh;.  ,e;j Mil NahNrg;G xU uh[hthf ,Ug;ghd; vd;gij ntspg;gLj;Jk; uh[hPf MilahfTk; fhzg;gl;lJ.  Vnddpy; kpfTk; trjpgilj;j kjpg;Gkpf;f FLk;gq;fspy; ,t;tpj Milfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld.  (3) NahNrg;gpd; nrhg;gdq;fs  ,itfs; cz;ikahdjhfTk;> tUq;fhy jPh;f;fjhprdkhfTk; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; rNfhjuh;fs; mtd;kPJ ntWg;igf; fhl;bdh;.  ,itfs; jdJ rNfhjuh;fs; kPJ mtDf;F tUq;fhyj;jpy; fpilf;Fk; mjpfhuj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLtjhapUe;jjhy; mtidr; rpWikg;gLj;jTk;> nfhiy nra;aTk; rNfhjuh;fs; Kaw;rpj;jdh; (1-19).  &gd; jdJ rNfhjuh;fsplk; NahNrg;igf; FopapDs; Nghl MNyhrid nfhLj;jhd;.  ,J xUNtis mtid tpLtpf;Fk; vz;zj;NjhNl $wg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.  FLk;gj;jpd; %j;j kfdhd &gd;> NahNrg;gpd; tho;f;iff;Fg; nghWg;ghdtdhf ,Ue;jgbahy; jdJ rNfhjuid tpLtpf;Fk; vz;zk; nfhz;bUf;fyhk;.  Mdhy; &gd; ,y;yhj #o;epiyiag; gad;gLj;jp kw;w rNfhjuh;fs; NahNrg;ig tpw;wdh;.  ,jdhy; NahNrg;G vfpg;jpy; Nghj;jpghh; vd;gthpd; tPl;by; mbikahdhd; (38).  “jiyahhpfSf;F mjpgjp” vd;gjd; nghUs; “jz;lidia epiwNtw;Wgth;fspd; jiytd;” vd;gjhFk;.  ,J ghh;Nthdpd; rkayiwapy; tPuh;fSf;fhfTk;> gyp nrYj;Jtjw;fhfTk; tpyq;Ffis mbg;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; tifapYk; nghUs;gLk;.  mg;NghJ Ml;rpapy; ,Ue;j ghh;Nthd; mNdfkhf fp.K. 1878 – 1843-y; Ml;rp nra;j %d;whk; nrrhl;b]; (nrnrl;lh-III) vd;gth; MFk;.

mjpfhuk; 38 :  a+jhtpd; ghtk; ,e;j mjpfhuj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.  mtd; mij kiwf;f epidj;jhd;.  Mdhy; xUehs; mJ ntspahdJ.  ,J ghtk; xUNghJk; kiwe;jpUf;fhJ.  xU ehs; ntspNa nfhz;Ltug;gLk; vd;gij tpsf;FfpwJ. NkYk; NahNrg;gpd; rNfhjuh;fs; vt;tsT Jd;khh;f;fkhapUe;jdh; vd;gijAk; ,q;Nf fhzyhk;.  MapDk; Njtd; fpUigAs;stuhapUe;jjhy; jhtPjpd; Kw;gpjhthf a+jh khwpdhh; (kj;. 1 : 3 – 16).

mjpfhuk; 39 :  NahNrg;G ePjpkhdhapUe;jhd;.  mtd; Neh;ikahd tho;f;if tho;e;Jk; fhuzkpy;yhky; rpiwapy; Jd;gg;gl;lhd;.  Mdhy;> Njtd; mtNdhNl ,Ue;jhh; (21> 23).  mJ NghyNt mepahakhf Jd;GWk; xt;nthUtUila tho;tpYk; Njtd; nray;gl;L mth;fis cah;j;Jthh;.

mjpfhuk; 40-41 :  mtpRthrpfSf;F (ghh;Nthd;) fhl;lg;gl;l nrhg;gdq;fSk;> mij NahNrg;G vt;thW rhpahf tpsf;fpdhh; vd;gJk; ,q;F $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Fwpg;G :  Ntjhfkk; KOikahf vOjpf; nfhLf;fg;gl;buhj me;ehl;fspy; Njtd; nrhg;gdq;fs; %yk; tpRthrpfsplKk; Kf;fpakhf mtpRthrpfsplk; Ngrpdhh;.  mt;tpjk; NahNrg;G nrhg;gdj;ijAk; mjd; nghUisAk; rhpahff; $wpajhy; ghh;Nthd; mtidj; jdf;F mLj;j epiyapy; cah;j;jpdhd;.

mjpfhuk; 42-45 :  NahNrg;G kw;Wk; mtd; rNfhjuh;fSf;fpilNa ele;j rk;gtk; ,q;Nf tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  Njtd; jdJ jpl;lj;ij epiwNtw;w ,aw;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; gQ;rj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpdh;.  NjtDila jpl;lj;jpd;gb NahNrg;G vfpg;jpd; gpujk ke;jphpahdhh;. (Nuh. 8 : 28).  NkYk; NahNrg;G jdJ rNfhjud; ngd;akPid 22 tUlq;fSf;Fg; gpd; re;jpj;jhd; (43 : 29 – 31).

mjpfhuq;fs; 46-49 :  NahNrg;Gk; mtd; jfg;gd;; ahf;NfhGk; gy tUlq;fSf;Fg; gpd; re;jpj;j mDgtj;ij ,J tpsf;FfpwJ.  jdJ kfd; NahNrg;G vfpg;jpy; Xh; cah;e;j epiyiag; ngw;W capNuhNl ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;wwpe;j ahf;NfhG jd; Kw;gpjhf;fspd; tof;fg;gbNa ngah;nrghTf;Fr; nrd;W (46 : 1 – 5) NjtDf;Fg; gyp nrYj;jpdhhd; (21 : 33@ 26 : 23).  gpd;dh; jhd; Njtd; mtNdhNl Ngrpdhh;.  mtd; vfpg;jpw;Fr; nrd;whd; (46 : 8-27).  ahf;NfhGk; mtd; kfd;fSk; NfhNrd; ehl;by; thrk; gz;zpdh; (46 : 28-34).  NahNrg;G gQ;rfhyk; KOtJk; vfpg;J ehl;il elj;jpdhd;. (47 : 13-26).  NahNrg;G Ntshz;ik> nghUshjhuk;> czT kw;Wk; epyk; Nghd;wtw;iw eph;tfpf;Fk; Gfo;; ngw;w eph;thfj; jiytdhf khwpdhd;.  Kjph;tajpy; ahf;NfhG jdJ midj;J kfd;fisAk; MrPh;tjpj;jhd; (48 > 49).  ahf;NfhG NahNrg;gpd; gps;isfisAk; (vg;gpuhaPk;> kdhNr) jdJ kfd;fisg; Nghy; Vw;Wf; nfhz;L MrPh;tjpj;jhh;.  vfpg;jpy; ahf;NfhG 17 tUlq;fs; tho;e;J gpd;dh; jdJ 130-tJ tajpy; khpj;jhh;.  mtdJ kfd;fs; ahf;Nfhig   kf;Ngyh Fifapy; mlf;fk; nra;jdh; (23 : 4-30@ 47 : 27-31@ 49 : 28-33).  jdJ gps;isfs; xUehs; thf;Fj;jj;jk; gz;zg;gl;l Njrj;ij Rje;jhpg;ghh;fs; vd ek;gpagbahy; mq;Nf jdJ rhPuk; mlf;fk; nra;ag;gLtij ahf;NfhG tUk;gpdhh;.  me;jg;gbNa mtd; kfd;fSk; nra;jdh;.

mjpfhuk; 50 :  NahNrg;G jdJ jfg;gid mlf;fk; nra;jgpd;.  gpd;dh; jdJ rNfhjuh;fis jhd; gopthq;Ftjpy;iy vd cWjpaspj;jhd; (15- 21).  gpd;dh; 110-tJ tajpy; khpj;Jg; Nghdhd;.  mtd; rhPuk; ngl;bf;Fs; gjkplg;gl;L vfpg;jpy; ghJfhj;J itf;fg;gl;lJ. (,];uNtyh; vfpg;jpypUe;J Gwg;gl;Lr; nrd;wNghJ mjid vLj;Jr; nrd;wdh;)

ahj;jpuhfkk;

                    ‘ahj;jpuhfkk;’ vDk; ,j;jiyg;gpd; vgpNua nghUs; “ntspNa nry;Yjy;” vd;gjhFk;.  ,J a+j kf;fis Njtd; vfpg;J Njrj;jpypUe;J ntspNa nfhz;L te;jijf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.  NkYk;> ,J gphpe;J NghFk; nraiyAk;> ,];uNty; Njrj;ijr; rpwe;jjhfTk; ghpRj;jkhdjhAk; (cgh. 7 : 6 – 11) khw;wpa epahag; gpukhzj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; Maj;j nrayhfTk; (ahj;. 19 – 24) ,Ue;jJ.  ,e;jg; Gj;jfkhdJ Mjpahfkj;jpy; Jtq;fpd ,];uNtypd; tuyhw;wpidj; njhlh;e;J tpsf;FfpwJ.  gaz E}y; vdTk; ,J miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

Mrphpah;

                   NkhNr (mjpfkhd tpguq;fl;L gQ;rhfkj;jpd; mwpKfk; vd;Dk; gFjpiag; gbf;fTk;).

fhyk;

                   vfpg;jpypUe;J te;jgpd; Njt fl;lisapd;gb NkhNrapdhy; vOjg;gl;lJ (ahj;. 17 : 14).  mNdfkhf 1400 fp.gp.-y; vOjg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.

ahj;jpuhfkk; RUf;fk;

1. vgpNuah;fis vfpg;jpah;fs; Jd;GWj;Jjy; (1 : 1 – 22)

2. NkhNrapd; Muk;g tho;f;if (2 : 1 – 4 : 31)

III.      ghh;Nthid NkhNr vjph;nfhs;tJ (5 : 1 – 11 : 10)

1. g];fh kw;Wk; vfpg;jpypUe;J ,];uNtyhpd; kPl;G (12 : 1 – 13 : 22)

2. rPdha; tiuf;Fk; ,];uNtyhpd; gpuahzk; (14 : 1 – 18 : 27)

3. Gjpa Njrj;J kf;fSf;F Njtdpd; fl;lisfs; (19 : 1 – 40 : 38)

ahj;jpuhfkj;jpd; tuyhw;W mikg;G

                   NkhNr vjph;nfhz;l ghh;Nthdpd; ngaiuf; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy vdpDk; ,g;Gj;jfk; vOjg;gl;l rhj;jpakhd fhyj;ijf; fz;lwpjy; ey;yJ.  ghuk;ghpa ty;Yeh;fs; ,J Rkhh; 1445 fp.K.-y; mNefkhf vOjg;gl;lJ vd ek;Gfpd;wdh;.  ,jid ,uz;L Ntjhfkg; gFjpfs; Mjhpf;fpd;wd.

                   KjyhtJ 1 ,uh. 6 : 1 –d;gb rhyNkhd; uh[htpd; (fp.K. 966) Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; 4-k; tUlj;jpw;F Kd;gpUe;J fzf;fp;l;lhy; 480 tUlq;fSf;F Kd; ,];uNtyhpd; gpuahzk; Muk;gkhdJ.  ,uz;lhtJ> 40 tUl gpuahzj;jpdhy; ,];uNtyh; fhdhid te;jiltjw;F Kd; vNkhhpah;fspd; Ch; topahff; fle;J nry;y mDkjp Nfl;ldh;.  Mdhy;> VNkhhpah;fs; top nfhLf;fhky; mth;fSf;F vjpuhf Aj;jk; gz;zpdh;.  Njtd; ,];uNtyh;fSf;F vNkhhpah;Nky; ntw;wpiaf; nfhLj;jhh;.  epahahjpgjp nag;jhtpd; ehl;fspy; ,];uNtyh;fSf;;F vjpuhf kPz;Lk; ,th;fs; vOk;gpdh;.  mg;NghJ nag;jh ,e;j ,lk; ,];uNtyuhy; ifg;gw;wg;gl;L 300 Mz;Lfs; Mfptpl;lNj> ePq;fs; ,ij Kd;Ng jpUg;gpf; nfhs;shky; Nghdnjd;d?  vdf; Nfl;lhh; (epah. 11 : 26).  ,e;j tuyhw;W cz;ikapd;gb fzf;fpLk;NghJ ghh;Nthd; uh[hthfpa ,uz;lhk; mk;kpdjhg; vfpg;J ehl;il Mz;l ehl;fspy; mjhtJ fp.K.1445-y; ,];uNtyhpd; tdhe;jpug; gpuahzk; njhlq;fpapUf;fyhk; vd vz;zg;gLfpwJ.

ahj;jpuhfkj;jpd; ghlf; Fwpg;Gfs;

1. vgpNuah;fs;; kPjhd vfpg;jpahpd; Jd;GWj;Jjy; (1 : 1 – 22)

mjpfhuk; 1 : Njtd; Mgpufhk;> <rhf;F> ahf;NfhG vd;gth;fSf;F xU Njrj;ij thf;Fg; gz;zpdhh;.  ,Ue;jhYk; mth;fNsh my;yJ mth;fs; tk;rj;jpdNuh gy E}w;whz;Lfshf me;j epyj;ij Rje;jhpj;Jf; nfhs;stpy;iy.   Mjpahfkj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sgb ahf;NfhG kw;Wk; mtd; gps;isfshf 70 Ngh;fs; vfpg;jpw;Fr; nrd;wdh;.  mq;;Nf Njtd; mth;fisg; gYfpg; ngUfr; nra;jhh;.  430 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd; ,th;fis vfpg;jpypUe;J tpLjiy nra;Ak; jpl;lj;ijr; nray;gLj;jj; njhlq;fpdhh;.  ,e;j mjpfhuk; vfpg;jpd; mbikj;jdj;jpy; vt;thW ,];uNtyh; tho;e;jdh; vd tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

1 : 1 – 14 –  fp.K. 1730-y; i`Nfh]; tk;rk; vdDk; Gjpa uh[ tk;rk; vfpg;jpy; Ml;rp nra;aj; njhlq;fpdh;.  mth;fs; NahNrg;ig mwpahjgbahy; ,];uNtyh;fis fp.K.  1730-ypUe;J Jd;GWj;jj; njhlq;fpdh;.

1 : 15-21 –  ,];uNty; [dq;fs; vz;zpf;ifapy; mjpfhpg;gijg; ghh;j;j ghh;Nthd; uh[h (mk;kpdjhg;-I  : 1548-1528 fpK.) gae;J vgpNuaUf;Fg; gpwf;Fk; vy;yh Mz; Foe;ijfisAk; nfhiy nra;AkhW kUj;Jtr;rpfSf;F fl;lis nfhLj;jhd;.  vdpDk; vgpNua jhjpkhh;fshd rpg;Nghuhs;> g+ths; MfpNahh; uh[htpd; fl;lisf;Fg; gag;glhky; vgpNuag; ngz;fSf;F gps;isfs; Rfkhfg; gpwf;f itj;jdh;.

1 : 22 – ,g;gFjpapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ghh;Nthd; mNdfkhf Kjyhk; jl;Nkh]; Mf ,Uf;fyhk; (1528 – 1508 fp.K.). ,f;fhyj;jpy; NkhNr gpwe;jhd; (fp.K.1525).  (,];uNtyhpd; gpuahzk; Muk;gpj;j fp.K.1445-f;Fk; 80 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;).

1. NkhNrapd; Muk;g fhy tho;f;if (2 : 1 – 4 : 31)

mjpfhuk; 2 –  NkhNrapd; ngw;Nwhh; 3 khjq;fs; mtid kiwj;J itj;jdh;.  gpd;dh; ehzy; ngl;bapDs; itj;J iey; ejpapd; Xuj;jpy; kpjf;f tpl;ldh;.  ghh;Nthdpd; kfs; ,e;jf; Foe;ijahd NkhNria Mw;wpy; fz;L jj;jhf vLj;J tsh;j;jhs; (ghh;Nthdpd; kfs; `hl;N\g;Rl;.  ,e;jg; ghh;Nthd; Kjyhk; jl;Nkh]; Mthh;).  NkhNr 40 tUlq;fs; vfpg;J muz;kidapy; tho;e;jhd;.  NkhNrjhd; cz;ikapy; xU vgpNuad; vd;gij mwpe;jhd;.  xUNtis vgpNua kdpjDf;F cjt epidj;J vfpg;jpad; xUtidf; nfhiy nra;jhd;.  uh[hTf;F ,e;jr; rk;gtk; mwptpf;fg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.  vdNt> NkhNr gae;J kPjpahd; Njrj;jpw;F Xbdhd; (kPjpahdpah;fs; Mgpufhkpd; 2-k; kidtp nfj;J}uhspd; tk;rj;jpdh;).  mq;Nf kPjpahdpahpd; Mrhhpadhd nuFNtypd; kfs; rpg;Nghuhis NkhNr kze;jhd;. (16 – 21).

mjpfhuk; 3 – (NkhNrapd; miog;G) – ahj;jpuhfkj;jpd; ehl;fspy; kpf Kf;fpakhd mw;Gjj;jpd; ehl;fshff; fhzg;gl;lJ.  ,e;ehl;fspy; Njtd; kfj;jhd mw;Gjq;fisr; nra;jhh;.  ,e;j mw;Gjj;jpd; ehl;fs; NkhNrapd; Mr;rhpakhd miog;NghL njhlq;fpaJ.  XNug; kiyabthuj;jpy; vhpfpw Kl;nrbapd; kj;jpapy; Njtd; NkhNria mioj;jhh;.  NkYk; “,Uf;fpwtuhfNt ,Uf;fpNwd;” vDk; jdJ nja;tPf ehkj;ij Njtd; NkhNrf;F ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;. (3 : 14) ahNt / naNfhth  vd;Dk; ,e;j vgpNua gjj;jpd; nghUs; “,Uj;jy;”.  ,J Mq;fpyj;jpy; Lord jkpopy; fh;j;jh; (g. 15 @ 34 : 6>7) vd nkhop ngah;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,NaR fpwp];J jdJ Copa ehl;fspy; Fiwe;jJ VO Kiw jd;idf; Fwpg;gpl ,e;jg; gjj;jpd; fpNuf;f nkhopiag; gad;gLj;jpAs;shh;. (Nah. 8 : 24> 28> 58).

Fwpg;G : ghjul;iriaf; fow;Wjy; vd;gJ fpof;fj;jpa ehLfspy; xU khpahijia ntspg;gLj;Jk; nrayhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.  NjtDila tpNr\pj;j gpurd;dk; fhzg;gl;lgbahy; ghpRj;j g+kp vdf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ (t. 5).  Njtd; njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;l [dkhfpa ,];uNtyh;fSf;F ahf;NfhGf;Fj; jhprdkhd gpd; Rkhh; 430 tUlq;fSf;Fg; gpd; jhprdkhdhh;.

mjpfhuk; 4 – Njtdpd; miog;igj; jtph;f;f NkhNr gy rhf;FNghf;Ffisf; $wpdhd;.  vdpDk; mtdJ re;Njfj;ijg; Nghf;f Njtd; %d;W milahsq;fisf; nfhLj;jhh;. (1) Nfhy; ghk;ghf khWjy; (2-5)> (2) if ntz;F\;lkiljy;; (6-8)> (3) jz;zPh; ,uj;jkhFjy; (9).  NkYk; NkhNrapd; jPh;f;fjhprpahf mtDf;Fg; gjpyhf ghh;Nthdplk; Ngr MNuhidAk; nfhLj;jhh; (10 – 17).

Fwpg;G :  jPh;f;fjhprp vd;gjd; mbg;gilg; nghUs; ‘xUtUf;Fg; gjpyhf NgRgth;’ vd;gjhFk;> NkhNrf;Fg; gjpyhf ghh;Nthdplk; NgRk; jPh;f;fj;jhprpahf MNuhd; nray;gl;lhh;.

          Njtd; jdJ mjpfhuj;jpd; milahskhf NkhNrapd; Nfhiyf; nfhLj;jhh;.  vdNt> ,J Njtdpd; Nfhy; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ (4 : 18-23).  gpd;dh; ghh;Nthid (,uz;lhk;  mk;kpdjhg;) re;jpf;f NkhNr nrd;whd;.  NghFk; topapy; NkhNrapd; kidtp rpg;Nghuhs; jdJ kfDf;F tpUj;jNrjdk; nra;jhs; (4 : 24-26).

Fwpg;G :  ,g;gFjp (4 : 24-26) tpahf;fpahdk; nra;a kpfr; rpf;fyhd Ntjhfkg; gFjpfspy; xd;whFk;.  ,Ue;jhYk;> mNdfkhf rhpahdjhff; fhzg;gLk; tpsf;fk; ,q;Nf jug;gl;Ls;sJ.  Njt cld;gbf;if ngw;w [dq;fSf;Fj; jiytdhd NkhNr jdJ FLk;gj;jpy; mNj Njt fl;lisf;F cz;ikAs;stdhf ,Ug;gij ep&gpj;jy; mtrpak;.  tpUj;jNrjdk; MgpufhKf;Ff; fl;lisahff; nfhLf;fg;gl;lNghJ (Mjp. 17 : 10> 11).  ,J Njt cld;gbf;ifapd; milahskhf ,Ue;jNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; ,ij epuhfhpf;Fk; ve;j ,];uNtyDk; cld;gbf;ifia cilg;gtd; vdj; jPh;f;fg;gl;L nfhiy nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk; vDk; fbd vr;rhpg;GlDk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ (Mjp. 17 : 14).  NkhNr xUNtis ,e;jr; rl;lj;ijf; ftdpf;fhky; ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;.  vdNt> jd; kfDf;F tpUj;jNrjdk; nra;ahky; ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;.  ,jdhy; NkhNrapd; kfd; Neha;tha;g;gl;L my;yJ Njtdpd; Neubj; jz;lidapdhy; khpf;Fk; jUthia mile;jpUf;fyhk;.  jdJ kfdpd; kuzj;ijj; jtph;f;Fk; tifapy; NkhNrf;Fg; gjpyhf rpg;Nghuhs; jdJ kfDf;F tpUj;jNrjdk; nra;jhs; (vJthapDk;) kuzj;jUthapy; ,Ue;jJ NkhNrah? my;yJ mtd; kfdh? vd;gijj; njspTgLj;JtJk; kpff;fbdk;.  Mdhy; mjpfhuk; 17 : 14-k; trdg;gb NkhNrapd; miog;gpd; Nehf;fj;ijAk; xg;gpl;Lg; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ kuzj;jUthapy; ,Ue;jJ NkhNrapd; kfd;; vdj; Njhd;WfpwJ.

III.     ghh;NthNdhL NkhNrapd; re;jpg;G (5 : 1 – 11 : 10)

          NkhNrAk; MNuhDk; ghh;Nthid (mkpdjhg;-II) gyKiw gytifapy; re;jpj;jij ,g;gFjp tpsf;FfpwJ.  MNuhdpd; Nfhy; muz;kidapy; ghk;ghf khwpa me;jr; rk;gtj;jpypUe;J Njtdpd; mw;Gjq;fSk;> milahsq;fSk; njhlq;fpaJ.  vfpg;jpd; ke;jputhjpfSk; mt;thNw nra;jdh;.  Mdhy; MNuhdpd; Nfhy; mitfis tpOq;fpw;W.   ,J vfpg;jpah;fSf;F xU nghpa mjph;r;rpahf ,Ue;jJ.  Vnddpy; rh;g;gq;fs; vfpg;jpahpd; flTshpy; mjpfkhf fhzg;gLk; xU flTs;.  vdNt> vfpg;jpah;fSila nja;tq;fSf;Fk;> mth;fsJ FUl;L ek;gpf;iff;Fk; Nkyhf Njtdpd; Nkyhz;ik nra;Kiwahff; fhl;lg;gl;lJ.

vfpg;ijg; ghjpj;j thijfs;

1. g];fh kw;Wk; vfpg;jpypUe;J ,];uNtyhpd; tpLjiy (12 : 1 – 13 : 22)

          ghh;Nthd; ,];uNty; [dq;fis tpLjiyahf;f tpUk;ghjjhy; Njtd; mtNdhL fLikahf ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;bajhapw;W.  jiyaPw;Wfspd; kuzj;ijf; Fwpj;J Njtd; vr;rhpj;jhh;.  ,Ue;jNghjpYk; ,];uNtypd; jiyaPw;Wfs; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;gbahf Njtd; ,];uNty; [dq;fsplk; g];fhit mDrhpf;FkhW $wpdhh;.  ,JNt> ,];uNtyhpd; KjyhtJ g];fh.

g];fhit mDrhpf;f Njtd; nfhLj;j xOq;F (khjk; / Mgpg;> eprhd;) – 12 : 5

          ,];uNtyh;fs; NjtDila MNyhridg;gb nra;jgpd; ghh;Nthd; FLk;gk; cl;gl vfpg;jpYs;s vy;yhf; FLk;gj;jpd; jiyaPw;WfSk; khpj;jd.  ghh;Nthd; ,];uNtyh;fSf;F ,g;NghJ Nghf mDkjpaspj;jhd; (12 : 31-33). ntF tpiuthf mth;fs; vfpg;jpypUe;J Gwg;gl;L (12 : 34-37) uhkNr];-ypUe;J Rf;Nfhj;jpw;Fg; gazk; nra;jdh;.  gy [hjp [dq;fs; (12 : 38) vd;Nghh; mNefkhf NjtDila ty;yikahd nray;fshy; njhlg;gl;l vfpg;jpa [dq;fspy; rpyh; ,];uNtyNuhL Gwg;gl;L tdhe;jpuj;jpy; gazk; nra;jth;fisf; Fwpf;Fk;.  mt;thW te;j mth;fs; gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,];uNtyh;fs; rPd; tdhe;jpuj;jpy; ,Ue;jNghJ ghtj;jpy; tpOtjw;Ff; fhuzq;fshdhh;fs;. (vz;. 11 : 4).

          Njtd; ,];uNtyiu tpLjiy gz;zpdgbahy; mth;fs; jq;fspd; Kjw;gpwg;ig NjtDf;F mh;g;gzpf;f miof;fg;gl;ldh;. (13 : 1 – 22). 13 : 16-d; mbg;gilapy; (cgh. 6 : 8 @ 11 : 10).  a+jh;fs; epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; ghfq;fs; mlq;fpa Njhy; igapid mzpa Ntz;Lk;.  mitfs; ‘jgPypA’ my;yJ ‘gpyhf;l;lwp];’ (fpNuf;fk;) vd;wiof;fg;gl;lJ.  ,J Rj;jkhd tpyq;Ffspd; Njhypdhy; nra;ag;gl;lit.  FLk;gj;jpYs;s Mz;fs; 13-k; taij mile;jTld; mth;fsJ new;wpapYk;> ,lJ Njhs; gl;ilapYk; ,jidf; fl;b itj;jdh;.  ,itfspy; epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; %d;W gpujhdg; gFjpfs; Njhypdhy; vOjg;gl;L cs;Ns itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ (ahj;. 13 : 2-10 @ cgh. 6 : 4-9 @ 11 : 13 – 21).  epahag;gpukhzj;ij ,];uNtyh; KOtJk; filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd vg;NghJk; epidg;g+l;Lk; xU milahs nrayhf ,k;%d;W trdg; gFjpfisAk; mth;fs; fl;bdh;.  Nkf];jk;gk;> mf;fpdp];jk;gk; Nghd;wit Njtdpd; topelj;Jk; r%fk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ig ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

1. rPdha; Nehf;fp ,];uNtyh; gazk; nra;jy; (14 : 1 – 18 : 27)

mjpfhuk; 14/15-y; ,];uNtyh;fs; vt;tpjk; nrq;fliyf; fle;jdh; vdTk; vfpg;jpa gil mopf;fg;gl;l tpjKk; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  Njtd; jz;zPiug; gphpj;J ntl;lhe;jiuia Vw;gLj;jpdhh;.  mjd; topNa [dq;fs; ele;J nrq;fliyf; fle;jdh;.  ,jw;F vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l Neuk;> fhw;wpd; Ntfk;> mOj;jk;> cyh;e;j jiuapd; jd;ik> ,U ehl;L kf;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa fhzg;gl;l ghJfhg;ghd ,ilntsp Nghd;wtw;wpw;F ,aw;if rl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;ljhd tpsf;fk; jUtJ fbdk;.  ,J NjtDila kfpikf;fhf jpl;lkplg;gl;L elj;jg;gl;l kWf;fKbahj mw;Gjk;.  ,e;j cd;djkhd mDgtj;ijg; ngw;w NkhNr> mtd; rNfhjhp kphpahk; kw;Wk; [dq;fs;midtUk; Jjpapd; ghliyg; ghb Njtidg; Gfo;e;jdh; (15 : 1-21).  Ntjhfkj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Kjy; ngz; jPh;f;fjhprpahf kphpahk; fhzg;gLfpwhs;.  ,Ue;jhYk; mts; tUq;fhy rk;gtk; Fwpj;j vJTk; Kd;Diuf;ftpy;iy.  Mdhy;> Njtidj; Jjpj;Jg; ghbdhs;.  ,jw;Fg; gpd;dh; ,];uNtyh; gy nghpjhd mw;Gjq;fis mDgtpj;jdh;.  khuhtpYs;s frg;ghd jz;zPh; kJukhdJ (15 : 22-27).  “nanfhth u/gh” vDk; vgpNua jiyg;G “Rfk; jUk; fh;j;jh;” vd nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  Njtd; [dq;fisg; ghtj;jpypUe;Jk; NehapypUe;Jk; Rfg;gLj;Jgth; vd ,J fhl;LfpdwJ.

mjpfhuk; 16/17 :  Njtd; [dq;fSf;F kd;dh nfhLj;J Ngh\pj;jij ,g;gFjp tpsf;FfpwJ.  ,e;j czT vj;jifaJ vd mwpa Kbahky; ,];uNtyh;fs; vgpNua ghi\apNy “kd;dh?” vdf; Nfl;ldh;.  “kd;dh” vd;gjw;F “,J vd;d?” vd;gJ nghUs; (16 : 15).  gpd;dh; nutpjPk; vDk; ,lj;jpw;F te;jNghJ Fbg;gjw;Fj; jz;zPh; ,y;yhjpUe;jJ.  clNd mth;fs; KWKWj;J NkhNriaf; fy;nywpe;J nfhy;y vOk;gpdh; (17 : 4).  XNug; – vd;w ,lj;jpYs;s fd;kiyia mbf;f Njtd; NkhNraplk; $wpdhh;.  mt;thNw NkhNr nra;J [dq;fSf;F kpFjpahd jz;zPh; nfhLj;jhd;.  ,e;j mw;Gjj;ij mDgtpj;j clNd ,];uNtyh; jq;fsJ Kjy; Aj;jj;ij mkNyf;fpaUf;F vjpuhfj; njhLj;jdh; (17 : 8-16).  ,th;fs; Vrhtpd; Ngud; ‘mkNyf;’  vd;gtdpd; tk;rj;jpdh; (Mjp. 36 : 12).  NkhNr n[gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j NghJ NahRth mkNyf;fpaUf;F vjpuhf Aj;jj;ij elj;jp mth;fis Kwpabj;jhd;.  NkhNrapd; nja;tPf jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPo; NahRth rpwe;j ,uhZt kw;Wk; murpay; jiytdhf tsh;e;jhd;.  ,g;nghpjhd ntw;wpiaf; fz;l NkhNr gypgPlk; fl;b Njtid Muhjpj;jhh;.  NkYk;> Njtid “naNfhtheprp” vd;wioj;jhh;.  mjw;F “Njtd; vdJ n[af;nfhb my;yJ Njtd; ntw;wp jUgth;” vd;gJ nghUs; (17 : 15).

Fwpg;G: ,g;nghOJjhd; Njtd; Kjd;Kjypy; NkhNraplk; ele;j rk;gtq;fis tpgukhf vOjp itf;FkhW $wpdhh;.  mNdfkhf ,e;j Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; NkhNr gQrhfkj;ij vOjj; njhlq;fpapUf;fyhk;. (17: 14)

mjpfhuk; – 18 :  NkhNr kPz;Lk; jdJ kidtpia re;jpg;gij ,g;gFjp $Wfpd;wJ.  NkhNr vfpg;jpw;Fg; gazk; nra;jNghJ (ahj;. 4 : 24-29) jdJ kidtpia khkdhfpa vj;Nuhtpd; trkha; tpl;bUe;jhd; (18 : 2).  vfpg;jpy; NkhNr %yk; Njtd; nra;j vy;yhtw;iwAk; vj;Nuh Nfs;tpg;gl;lNghJ NkhNrapd; kidtpahfpa rpg;NghuhisAk;> mts; kfidAk; NkhNraplk; mioj;J te;jhd; (18 : 1-27).  vj;Nuh kPjpahdpahpd; Mrhhpadhf ,Ue;jhYk; NjtDila mw;Gjj;ij mwpe;J naNfhth Njtdplj;jpy; tpRthrk; itj;jpUf;fyhk; (18 : 7-12).  MfNt> mth; NjtDf;Fg; gyp nrYj;jpdhh;.  NkYk; mth; kf;fspd; Fiwfisf; Nfl;L mth;fis tprhhpf;fj; Jizj; jiyth;fis epakpj;J Ntiyr; Rikiaf; Fiwf;Fk; MNyhridia NkhNrf;F toq;fpdhh;. (18 : 13-27).  mj;jifa Jizj;jiyth;fis epakpg;gjw;fhd jFjpfSk; ,g;gFjpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd (18 : 21).

• jpwik cilath;fs – gyk; cilath;fs;@ RWRWg;ghdth;fs;

                             (1 ehsh. 26 : 6)

• NjtDf;Fg; gag;gLgth;fs; – ,];uNtypd; Njtd; Nky; Mokhd

md;G> khpahij nfhz;lth;fs;> NjtDf;F Kd; jq;fsJ nghWg;ig czh;e;jth;fs;.

• cz;ikAs;sth;fs; – Ra Mjhaj;jpdhy; my;yhJ nja;tPf

Fzq;fshy; mwpag;gLk; Neh;ikahdth;fs;

• nghUshiraw;wth;fs; – yQ;rk; Nghd;wtw;iw ntWf;Fk; nghUs;

kPjhd ,yf;F kw;Wk; ehl;lk; mw;wth;fs;

(Vrh. 33 : 15)

Fwpg;G :  18 : 21 : ,g;gFjp jiyikj;Jtj;ijj; njhpT nra;Ak; rpwe;j Kiwiaj; jUfpd;wJ.  eph;thf topKiwAk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ (18 : 22 – 26).

1. Gjpa Njr kf;fSf;F Njtd; nfhLj;j epakq;fspd; ntspg;ghL (19 : 1 – 40 : 38)

vfpg;jpa mbikj;jdj;jpypUe;J te;j ,];uNtyh;fs; rPdha; kiy mbthuj;jpy; ghsakpwq;fpdh;.  ,e;j kiyapd; rk gFjpahdJ rPd; tdhe;juk; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.  epahag;gpukhzj;ijf; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd; ,t;tplj;jpy; Njtd; NkhNrNahL Ngrpdhh;.

mjpfhuk; 19 : ,];uNty; [dq;fs; njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;l kf;fshfTk;> njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;l NjrkhfTk;> Mrhhpa $l;lkhfTk; fhzg;gLth; vd Njtd; $wpdhh; (tr. 4-6).  vdNt> ,];uNty; Njt MSifapd; uh[;akhf khwpaJ.  NjtDila tpNr\pj;j gpurd;dj;jpw;F Maj;jg;gLk; tifapy; [dq;fs; jq;fis Rj;jpfhpf;f fl;lisaplg;gl;ldh; (tr. 10).  Rj;jpfhpg;gpw;Fg;gpd; NkhNr kiyapd; Nky; nrd;whd;.

mjpfhuk; 20 – rPdha; kiyapy; Njtd; gj;Jf;fl;lisfis NkhNraplk; $wpdhh;.

          ,];uNty; [dq;fs; Njtid kl;LNk Muhjpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd Njtd; epidTgLj;jpdhh; (20 : 22-26).

mjpfhuk; 21-24 :  gj;Jf; fl;lisfisf; nfhLj;jgpd; NkYk; Njtd; ,];uNtyUf;Fg; gy;NtW rpwg;Gf; fl;lisfisf; nfhLj;jhh;.  mg;NghJ v[khd; kw;Wk; Ntiyahs; (21 : 1-11) kdpjiu fhag;gLj;Jjy; (21 : 12-32)> cilikfisr; Nrjg;gLj;Jjy; (21 : 33 – 22 : 6)> ey;nyhOf;fg; gpukhzk; (22 : 7-31)> cz;ikAldpUj;jy; (23 : 1-9)> Xa;T ehs; (23 : 10-13)> Nrh;g;gpd; gz;bif (23 : 17 @ 21 : 1 – 6)> nghUshjhu neUf;fb> my;yJ vjph;ghuhj #o;epiy fhuzkhf xU egh; jd;id mbikahf tpw;wy; (Nytp. 25 : 39> Mnkh]; 2 : 6 @ 8 : 6) Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhd gpukhzq;fisAk; nfhLj;jhh;.  mbikfshf tpw;fg;gl;lth;fs; 7-tJ tUlk; (tpLjiyapd; Mz;L) tpLjiyahf;fg;gLth;.  mth;fs; njhlh;e;J tho;ehs; KOtJk; me;j v[khDf;F mbikahapUf;f tpUk;gpdhy; fhjpy; Jthuk; ,lg;gLth; (21 : 7-11).  mbikahd ngz;fSf;F epahag;gpukhzj;jpy; rpwg;G ghJfhg;G nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. (Ntjhfkk; kl;LNk ngz;fspd; chpikia kjpf;fpwJ).

          cilikfs; kPjhd chpik kw;Wk; kdpj chpik ahTk; kpf Kf;fpakhf NkhNrapd; epahag;gpukhzj;jpy; fUjg;gl;lJ (22 : 1-6).  vy;yhtif fsT kw;Wk; ehrkhf;Fjy; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F epahag;gpukhzj;jpy; el;l <L NfhUk; tha;g;G cz;L. jw;nrayhf Nehpl;l mopthdhy; (tr. 6) KOikahf kPl;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.  jpl;lkpl;L ehrk; nra;;jhy; #o;epiyiag; nghWj;J 200 Kjy; 500 rjtPjk; kPl;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.  gpukhzg; gz;bif 12 Nfhj;jpuq;fisAk; xd;wpizj;jJ.  mth;fs; jdpj;jdpNa 12 ehLfshf gpsTglhjgb %d;W tUlhe;jug; gz;biffshy; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpd; tshfj;jpy; epahag;gpukhzk; mth;fis ,izj;jJ (23 : 14-19). Gspg;gpy;yhj mg;gg; gz;bifapd; NghJ NjtDila r%fj;jpy; ntWikaha; tuhky; fhzpf;ifNahL tu Ntz;Lk; (23 : 15).

          epahag;gpukhzj;;jpw;fhf $Ljy; tpsf;fk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l gpd; MWjypd; thf;Fj;jj;jk; ,];uNtYf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ (23 : 20-33).  gpd;dh; Njtd; NkhNrf;Fk;> %g;gh;fSf;Fk;> vy;yh ,];uNty; [dq;fSf;Fk;  ntspg;gilahff; Nfl;Fk; tpjj;jpy; Ngrpdhh;.  (24 : 1 – 3).  NkhNr epahag;gpukhzj;ij thrpj;jhd;.  [dq;fs; mjid MNkhjpj;jdh;.  (24 : 1-8).  NkhNrapd; epahag;gpukhz cld;gbf;iff;F kj;jpa];juhd NkhNr [dq;fspd; ghtj;jpw;F gpuhaj;rpj;jk; nra;Ak; gypia NjtDf;Fr; nrYj;jpdhd;.  gpuharpj;jg; gypahfpa ght epthuz gyp ,y;yhky; ghpRj;jKs;s NjtDf;Fk;> ghtpahfpa kdpjDf;FkpilNa vt;tpj cld;ghLk; Vw;glhJ.

          Njtd; gypia Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F milahskhfTk;> Njtidr; re;jpf;Fk; ,lkhf gypgPlj;ij mh;g;gzpf;fTk; NkhNr ,uj;jj;jpy; nfhQ;rj;ij vLj;J gypgPlj;jpd; Nky; njspj;jhd;.  vQ;rpa ,uj;jj;ij NkhNr [dq;fs; kPJ njspj;jhd;.  ,J gpuharpj;jk; nra;a rpe;jg;gl;l   ,uj;jkhdJ jq;fisAk; Njt If;fpaj;jpy; cld;gbf;iff;F mh;g;gzpf;f typAWj;Jfpd;wJ vd;w cz;ikiaj; njhptpf;fpd;wJ.  MfNt> ,];uNty; kf;fs; Njt cld;gbf;ifapd; kf;fshf khw;wg;gl;ldh; (24 : 5-8).

mjpfhuk; 25 – 28 :  ghpRj;j ,lj;jpy; Njtid Muhjpg;gJ NkhNrapd; gpukhzj;jpy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhapUe;jJ.  ,e;j mjpfhuq;fspy; Njtd; ,];uNtyhplk; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;ijAk; mjd; gzpKl;LfisAk; nra;a Njitahditfisf; fhzpf;ifahff; nfhz;Ltuf; $wpdhh;.  (25 : 1-9).  Njtd; jhNk NkhNraplk; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;ij nra;Ak; tpjj;ijf; $wpdhh;.  Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpd; gzpKl;Lfs; kw;Wk; Mrhhpahpd; Mil vt;thW nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd ,q;F tpsf;Ffpwhh;.  “nra;thahf” vDk; fl;lis 25 : 8-y; Muk;gkhfpwJ.  (ghpRj;j ];jyj;ij cz;L gz;Z) NkYk; ,J 31 : 6 tiu njhlh;fpd;wJ.  ,e;j thh;j;ij Rkhh; 85 Kiw ,g;gFjpapy; tUfpd;wJ.  Njtd; fl;lisapl;l tpjj;;jpy; ,ij mth;fs; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. (31 : 11).  cld;gbf;ifg; ngl;b> fpUghrdk;> r%fj;jg;gk;> jpiu> gypgPlk; (25-27) kw;Wk; Mrhhpahpd; Mil Nghd;wtw;iw nra;Ak;gb Njtd; $wpdhh; (28).

mjpfhuk; 29 – 31 :  Mrhhpah;fis mh;g;gzpj;jy;@ gyp nrYj;Jjy;> Mrhhpah;fspd; czT Nghd;wit ,g;gFjpapy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  (29 : 26-37).  Muhjid nrYj;Jjy; kw;Wk; J}g gPlk; mikj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw Njtd; tpsf;Ffpwhh; (31).  Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpy; cs;sitfs; midj;Jk; NeubahfNth> kiwKfkhfNth fpwp];JTlDk; mtuJ Copaj;JlDk; njhlh;Gilaitfs;.  ght kd;dpg;gpw;fhd gyp ghtpfSf;fhd ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;ijf; fhl;LfpwJ. (1 nfhhp. 15 : 3. 4).  Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpw;fhdtw;iw nra;tijf; Fwpj;J tpsf;fpagpd; mjidr; nra;a Njtd; jpwd; nfhLj;j kdpjh;fisAk; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $wpdhh; (31 : 1-11).  Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;ij mikg;gJ kl;Lky;yhky; ,];uNtyh; Xa;T ehspy; Njtid Muhjpf;f miof;fg;gl;ldh; (31 : 12-18).  Njtd; NkhNrf;F gj;J fl;lisfs; vOjg;gl;l ,U fw;gyiffisf; nfhLj;jhh; (31 : 18).

mjpfhuk; 32 :  ,];uNtyh; jq;fis vfpg;jpd; mbijj;jdj;jpypUe;J kPl;L te;j NjtDf;F vt;thW fPo;g;gbahky; Nghapdh; vd;gJ ,q;Nf tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  gy ehl;fshf NkhNr Njt r%fj;jpy; epd;whd;. ,e;jj; jhkjk; [dq;fSf;F re;Njfj;ij vOg;gpaJ.  MfNt> xU nja;tj;ij cUthf;f mth;fs; MNuhid tw;GWj;jpdh;.  mth;fSf;F gy nja;tq;fs; Njitg;gl;ld. vdpDk; MNuhd; mth;fSf;F nghd; fd;Wf;Fl;bahfpa xU nja;tj;ij cz;lhf;fpdhd; (t. 4).  NjtDila gj;Jf;fl;lisfspy; Kjy; ,U fl;lisfisAk; mth;fs; kPwpdh;.  ,e;j nray; NjtDf;F Nfhgj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. mth;fis Njtd; mopj;Jg; Nghlhjgbf;F NkhNr Njtdplj;jpy; ghpe;J Ngrpdhd;.  Njtd; NkhNrapd; tpz;zg;gj;ij Vw;W [dq;fisg; ghJfhj;jhh;.

Fwpg;G :  Njtdhy; miof;fg;gl;l ,];uNtyhpd; Kjd; Kjyhf mgpN\fk;gz;zg;gl;l gpujhd Mrhhpadhf MNuhd; fhzg;gl;lhd;.  vdpDk; kf;fspd; Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;W fd;Wf; Fl;biar; nra;jjpdpkpj;jk; jtwpdhd;.  NjtDf;Ff; fPo;g;gbtjw;Fg; gjpyhf [dq;fspd; ght topfis Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhd;.  [dq;fis cz;ikf;Fs;shf elj;Jtjw;Fg; gjpyhf czh;r;rpf;Fs;shfp [dq;fshy; elj;jg;gl;lhd;.  Njtdhy; miof;fg;gl;l gpujhd Mrhhpadhfpa MNuhd; [dq;fisj; jtWjyhf elj;jpaJ Nghy;> gy jiyth;fs; Njtdhy; miof;fg;gl;lth;fshapUe;Jk; [dq;fisj; jtwhf trdj;Jf;F tpNuhjkhf elj;j KbAk;.  vr;rhpf;ifAldpUg;Nghk;.

Fwpg;G :  ahj;. 32 : 32 : “ePh; vOjpd ck;Kila G];jfj;jpypUe;J vd; ngaiu fpWf;fpg;NghLk;” ,e;jg; G];jfk; vy;yh [Pt Mj;Jkhf;fs; (capNuhbUg;gth;fis) tpguq;fisf; nfhz;ljhapUf;fyhk;.  fpWf;fpg; NghLjy; vd;gJ rhPu kuzj;ij  Fwpf;fpwJ.  (jdp egh;fs; nra;Ak; ghtj;jpw;fhd rhPu kuzk;) (NkhNr n[gpj;jJNghy mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTYk; tpUk;gpdhh; – Nuh. 9 : 3).

mjpfhuk; 33 : NjtDf;Fg; gjpyhf [dq;fSf;F Kd;ghf Njt J}jd; xUtd; fle;J Nghthd; vd Njtd; NkhNraplk; $wpdhh;.  ,ij ,];uNty; [dq;fs; Nfl;lNghJ jhq;fs; nra;j me;epa nja;tj;jpd; cUtq;fSf;fhf ntl;fg;gl;ldh;.  mt;tpj cUtk; nfhz;l Mguzq;fisf; fow;wpg; Nghl;L jq;fs; ghtq;fSf;fhf tUe;jpdh;.  gpd;dh; midtUk; Njtid Muhjpj;jdh;.  mjhtJ Nkf];jk;gj;jpy; Njhd;wpd NjtDf;F Kd;ghf khpahijAld; gzpe;jdh; (8-10).  “Njtd; NkhNrAld; KfKfkha; Ngrpdhh;” mjhtJ Njtd; NkhNrNahL Neubahf> ntspg;gilahfg; Ngrpdhh; vd;gJ NghUs; ( v.v : 10-11@ vz;. 12 : 8 – KfKfkhf).  NkhNr Njtkfpikiag; ghh;f;f jdf;F ,Uf;Fk; Miria Njtdplk; $wpdhh;.  Njtd; mtuJ tpz;zg;gj;ij Vw;W jdJ Kfj;ijg; ghh;f;fhky; gpd;gf;fj;ijNa ghh;f;ff;$Lk; vDk; epge;jidNahL jd;id NkhNrf;F ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;. (Fwpg;G : ‘gpd;Gwk;’ vd;gJ mNdfkhf ,q;Nf NjtDila Neubahd rpwg;Gg; gpurd;dj;jpd; gpd; tpisitf; Fwpf;fpwJ.  Vnddpy; Njtd; MtpahapUf;fpwhh;> mtUf;F ehk; ghh;f;Fk;gbahd rhPuk; ,y;iy – Nah. 4 : 24).

mjpfhuk; 34-35 :  NkhNr kPz;Lk; 40 ehl;fs; rPdha; kiyapd;Nky; Vwpr; nrd;whd; (34 : 28). mq;Nf Njtdpd; kfpikahd r%fj;ijf; fz;lhd;.  Njtd; ,];uNtyUf;Ff; nfhLj;j cld;gbf;ifia kPz;Lk; epidg;g+l;b nghw;fd;Wf;Fl;biag; ghh;j;jNghJ NkhNr cilj;Jg;Nghl;l fw;gidg; gyiffSf;nfhj;j Gjpa ,U fw;gyiffisf; nfhLj;jhh; (32 : 19. 20).  ehw;gJ ehl;fs; Njt r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l NkhNr fPNo ,wq;fp gpufhrKs;s Kfj;Jld; [dq;fsplk; te;jhd; (34 : 35). gpd;dh; NkhNr vy;yh [dq;fisAk; $btur; nra;J Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;ijf; Fwpj;J mth;fSf;F tpthpj;J NjtDila jpl;lj;jpd;gb mjidr; nra;Ak;gbahd nghUl;fisf; nfhz;LtUk;gb $wpdhd;. NkhNr $wpagbNa [dq;fs; nghd;> nts;sp> ntz;fyk; Nghd;w gy nghUl;fis kdg;g+h;tkhff; nfhz;L te;jdh; (35 : 5-29).  ,];uNtyh;fs; mjpf msTf;F jq;f mzpfyd;fs; itj;jpUe;jdh; vd;gij ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ.  [dq;fsplkpUe;J nghUl;fisg; ngw;wgpd; NkhNr mtw;iw Njt Mtpapdhy; epiwe;J fhzg;gl;l ngrNyNay; kw;Wk; rpy egh;fsplk; Njt MNyhridg;gbahd  gzp Kl;Lfisr; nra;AkhW nfhLj;jhd; (35 : 20-35).

mjpfhuk; 36-39 :  Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpw;fhd Maj;jj;ij ,g;gFjp tpsf;FfpwJ.  ,];uNtyh; kdKte;J xt;nthU ehSk; jq;fshy; ,ad;wtw;iw Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpd; Njitf;fhff; nfhz;L te;jdh; (36 : 3).  NkhNr mitfis epGzh;fsplk; nfhLj;jhd; (36 : 1-2).  Njtd; ciuj;jgbNa Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpw;fhd gzpKl;Lfis mth;fs; nra;jdh;.  mth;fs; jpiufs;> kzpfs;> cld;gbf;ifg;ngl;b> jz;Lfs;> r%fj;jg;gq;fs;> nghw;Fj;J tpsf;F> ntz;fy gypgPlk;> J}g gPlk; Nghd;wtw;iwr; nra;jdh;. gpd;dh; mitfis NkhNraplk; nfhz;L te;jdh; (39 : 41-43). NkhNr mth;fis MrPh;tjpj;jhd;.

mjpfhuk; 40 :  NkhNr vt;thW Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpd; gzpKl;Lfis mjw;fhd ,lq;fspy; itj;J Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;ij tbtikj;jhd; vd tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  tdhe;jpug; gpuahzj;jpd; xU tUlj;jpw;Fg;gpd; (12 : 2) rPdha; kiyapy; te;j 9 khjq;fSf;Fg;gpd; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuk; epWtg;gl;lJ (19 : 1).  ey;ek;gpf;if jUk; trdq;fSld; ,e;jg; Gj;jfk; KbfpwJ.  29:45-y; cs;s thf;Fj;jj;jk; cld;gbf;ifapd; [dq;fspd; kj;jpapy; Njtd; thrk; gz;Zk; kfpikAld; epiwtilfpwJ (40 : 36-38).  Njt r%fk; ,];uNtyUf;Fg; ghpRj;jk;> ghJfhg;G> thf;Fg;gz;zg;gl;l Njrj;jpw;F Neuhf topelj;Jjy; Nghd;wtw;iwf; nfhLj;jJ.

Nytpauhfkk;

                    Nytpauhfkk; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuk;> Muhjid> Nytpahpd; gzpfs; kw;Wk; ,];uNtyhpd; ghpRj;jkhd tho;f;if Mfpatw;iw tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.  ahj;jpuhfkj;jpd; ,Wjp mjpfhuj;jpy; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuk; epWtg;gl;l tpguk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  mijj; njhlhe;J Nytpauhfkk; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpy; nra;a Ntz;ba Muhjid Kiwikia tpsf;FfpwJ.

Mrphpah; kw;Wk; fhyk;

          NkhNr Rkhh; fp.K.1445-y; ,jid vOjpAs;shh; (mjpf tpguq;fl;F gQ;rhfkj;jpd; mwpKfj;ijg; gbf;fTk;).

Nytpauhfkj;jpd; RUf;fk;

1. Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpy; gyp nrYj;Jk; Kiwik (1 : 1 – 7 : 38)

2. Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpy; Mrhhpadpd; gzp (8 : 1 – 10 : 20)

III.      xOf;ff; Nflhdtw;wpw;fhd gpukhzq;fs; (11 : 1 – 16 : 34)

1. ,];uNtyUf;fhd ghpRj;jk; vDk; epajp (17 : 1 – 26 : 46)

2. nghUj;jidfisf; Fwpj;j gpukhzk; (27 : 1 – 34)

Nytpauhfkj;jpw;fhd ghl tpsf;ff; Fwpg;Gfs;

1. Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpy; gyp nrYj;Jk; Kiwik (1 : 1 – 7 : 38)

1. rh;thq;f jfdgyp (1 : 3-17 @ 6 : 8-13)

          gypnrYj;jg;gLk; tpyq;F nghJthf tPl;L tpyq;Ffspy; Rj;jkhd Mz; tpyq;fhff; fhzg;gl;lJ (,Ug;gpDk; gwitfSk;> ngz; caphpdq;fSk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld – 1 : 14@ 4 : 28).  gyp nrYj;jg;gLk; tpyq;F gOjw;wjhAk;> mq;ftPdkpy;yhjjhAk;> KOikahdjhAk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.  gyp nrYj;Jgth; jdJ ifia ,e;jg; gypapd; jiyNky; itf;f Ntz;Lk;.  tpyq;fpd; kPJ iffis itf;Fk; nray; ,U cz;ikfisf; $WfpwJ.  (i) xU gzpf;F xg;gilj;jiyf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ (mg;. 13 : 2-3 @ vz;. 27 : 20)> (ii) nghWg;igg; ghpkhw;wk; nra;fpwJ (vz;. 8 : 10)>  gyp nrYj;Jgth; ,e;jg; gyp jdf;fhf nra;ag;gLfpwJ vd;gijAk;> (jdJ Fw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; ghtq;fSf;fhf) jdJ ghtk;  gyp nrYj;jg;gLk; tpyq;fpd; kPJ nrYj;jg;gLk; Xh; milahskhfTk; ,jidr; nra;fpd;whh;.  gyp nrYj;Jgth; jdJ ght kd;dpg;gpw;fhd ,e;jg; gypia tpRthrj;Jld; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.  (rq;. 103 : 12). ,e;jg; gypapy; gyp nrYj;Jgthpd; Neub <LghL mjpfk;.  mtd; jhdhfNt tpyq;iff; nfhd;W NjhYhpf;fpwhd;.  rpyNtis Nytpah; my;yJ Mrhhpadpd; cjtpAld; ,jidr; nra;fpwhd;. (2 ehsh. 29 : 34 @ 35 : 11).

2. Ngh[d gyp (2 : 1 – 16@ 6 : 14 – 23 @ 7 : 9-10)

          ,J ,uj;jk; ,y;yhj gyp.  ,J nky;ypa khT> xypt vz;nza; kw;Wk; J}g th;f;fj;jhy; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ. NfhJik khT kw;Wk; xypt vz;nza; Nghd;wit ghy];jPdhtpd;; nghJthd czT tifahFk;.  ,e;j cz;ik rpytw;iw Mtpf;Fhpa Kiwapy; milahsg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.  gypnrYj;Jgth; gyp nrYj;Jtjw;Fj; Njitahd khit Maj;jg;gLj;j Ntiy nra;fpwhh;.  MfNt mtuJ fLikahd ciog;igf; fhzpf;ifahf;Ffpwhh;.  ,e;jg; gyp jdpikahf nrYj;jg;gLtJ mg+h;tkhFk;.  Mdhy; cg;gpdhy; rhukplg;gl;ljha; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ. “ghpRj;jkhdJ” vdf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt ,J> MrhhpaDf;F kl;LNk chpajhd gq;iff; Fwpg;gjhFk;.  ,e;jg; gyp mLg;gpy; Rlg;gl;lJ.   Kjy;tif gyfhuk; eLtpy; Jthuk; cs;sjhAk;> ,uz;lhk; tif mil jl;ilahdjhAk; fhzg;gl;lJ (2 : 4-10). ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ghpRj;j Copaj;ij rpj;jhpg;gjha; ,g;gyp ,Uf;fpd;wJ. “ehNd thdj;jpypUe;J ,wq;fp te;j kd;dh”.  [Ptd; nfhLf;Fk; czthfTk; ,J fhzg;gLfpwJ.

3. rkhjhd gyp (3 : 1 – 17 @ 7 : 11-34)

          ,e;jg; gypapy; Mz; my;yJ ngz; tpyq;Ffs; mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ. gyp nrYj;JgtuJ if gypapd;Nky; itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.  gpd;G tpyq;F nfhy;yg;gl;L mjd; ,uj;jk; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;L jfd gypgPlj;ijr; Rw;wp njspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.  ,e;jg; gypapd; nfhOg;ig Mrhhpad; NjtDf;Fr; nrYj;Jthd;.  tpyq;fpd; nfhOg;G rpwe;j nghUshf rpj;jhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ (epyj;jpd; nfhOik).  “fh;j;jUf;F ,Lk; jfd Mfhuk;” vd;gJ kdpjidg; Nghy; NjtDf;Fk; czT Ntz;Lk; vd;w nghUisj; jutpy;iy (rq;. 50 : 9-13 @ Vrhah 40 : 16) khwhf kdpjDila czT NjtDf;F Kd; jpahfg; gypahff; nfhLf;fg;gLtij ,J Fwpf;fpwJ.  ,J vy;yh gypf;Fk; ,Wjpahd gypahfr; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.  ,e;jg; gypia kl;LNk gyp nrYj;Jgth; rhg;gplTk; jdJ FLk;gj;jpdNuhLk; ez;gh;fNshLk; gfph;e;J nfhs;sTk; KbAk;.

Fwpg;G :  Njtd; ekJ Mtpf;Fhpa ed;ikf;fhf ,uj;jk; rhg;gpLtij tpyf;fpAs;shh;.  gpuhar;rpj;jk; nra;ag; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tpyq;fpd; ,uj;jkhdJ mjpd; [PtDf;F mbg;gilahapUf;fpd;wJ.  NkYk;> kdpjDila cztpy; rhPu ed;ikf;fhf nfhOg;G cz;gij Njtd; tpyf;fpAs;shh;.

4. ght epthuz gyp (4 : 1 – 5 : 13 @ 6 : 24 – 30)

          ,e;jg; gypahdJ mwpahikapdhy; nra;j ghtj;jpw;fhfr; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ (4 : 1 – 12). nghJthf epahag;gpukhzj;ij mwpahky; nra;Ak; ghtk; (Nytp. 6 : 2>3).  ,uj;jj;ijf; ifahSjy; ,g;gypapd; rpwg;Gj; jd;ikahFk;.  Mrhhpad; gypapd; ,uj;jj;ij vLj;Jg; ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpy; nfhz;L te;J kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpw;F vjpuhfj; njhq;Fk; jpiu Kd; njspj;Jtpl;L J}g gPlj;jpw;F Kd; nfhQ;rk; njspj;J kPe;;jij Cw;wptpl Ntz;Lk;. ntl;lg;gl;l gypapd; gFjpahdJ rkhjhd gypahf nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.  Mdhy;> kPjpahdJ ghsaj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;Ng vhpf;fg;gl;lJ.

          [dq;fspd; ghtj;jpw;fhd gypapy; (4 : 13-21) jiyth;fs; jq;fs; iffisg; gypapd; Nky; itj;jdh;.  %g;gh;fs; if itg;gJ vy;yh kf;fisAk; nkhj;jkhf gpujpepjpg; gLj;JtjhAs;sJ.

4 : 22-27 :  ,g;gFjp jiyth;fs; my;yJ uh[hf;fspd; ghtj;ijf; Fwpj;Jg; NgRfpwJ.  ,jpy; gyp nrYj;jg;gl;l tpyq;fpd; ,uj;jk; NtW tpjkhf ifahsg;gl;lJ.  ,uj;jk; jfd gypgPlj;jpd; nfhk;Gfs; Nky; njspf;fg;gl;lJ.  nfhk;G gypgPlj;jpy; typik kw;Wk; mjpfhuj;ijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Nytp. 4 : 27 – 5 : 13 gFjpapy;  nghJkf;fspd; ghtj;jpw;fhd gyp tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Fwpg;G:  ght epthuz gypapy; kPjpahdJ ghisaj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;Ng Rj;jkhd ,lj;jpy; vhpf;fg;gl;lJ. (Nytp. 4 : 12> 21). ,J nghJthf ,NaR fpwp];J ghisaj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;Ng rpYitapyiwag;gLtij Kd; Fwpf;fpwJ. (vUrNyk; gl;lzj;jpw;F ntspNa rpYitapy; miwag;gl;lhh;).

          ght epthuz gypapd; ,uj;jkhdJ jpiuf;F Kd; Mrhhpadhy; njspf;fg;gl;lJ.  Mdhy; tUlj;jpw;F xUKiw KO Njrj;jpw;fhd gpuhar;rpj;jj;jpd;NghJ gpujhd Mrhhpadhy; jpiuf;F cs;Ns kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; fpUghrdj;jpy; ,uj;jk; njspf;fg;gl;lJ.

5. Fw;w epthuz gyp (5 : 14 – 6 : 7 @ 7 : 1 – 7)

          Fw;w epthuz gypf;F Ml;Lf;flh kl;LNk mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLk;.  Fw;w epthuz gypahdJ xUtd; gpwUila chpikf;F tpNuhjkha; nray;gLtjw;Fg; ghpfhukha; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.  Mdhy; ght epthuz gypahdJ NjtDf;F tpNuhjkhd nray;ghLfSf;fhfr; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.  ,Ug;gpDk; Fw;w epthuz gypAk; xUtd; NjtDf;F vjpuhf Fw;wk; nra;jhy; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.  (5 :14-19).  my;yJ xUtd; rf kdpjdplkpUe;J jtwhd tifapy; VNjDk; nghUis vLj;Jf; nfhs;jy; Nghd;w jtWfSf;Fk; Fw;w epthuz gyp nrYj;jg;gl;lJ (6 : 1 – 7).

1. Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpy; Mrhhpadpd; gzp (8 : 1 – 10 : 20)

          Nytpauhfkk; (8-10) Mrhhpah;fs; $lhuj;jpy; tuNtz;ba tpjj;ijAk; mth;fs; vt;tpjk; mgpN\fk; nra;ag;gl;ldh; vd;gijAk; tpsf;FfpwJ.  NkhNr gypgPlj;ijAk;> Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;ijAk; mgpN\fk; nra;jhd;.  mq;Nf Mrhhpa t];jpuk; jhpj;jtdhf Mrhhpad; te;jhd;.  mgpN\f ijyk; MNuhdpd; Nky; epiwthf Cw;wg;gl;lJ.  (gpujhd Mrhhpaidj; jtpu gpw rpW Mrhhpah; tpuypdhy; rpwpjsT ijyk; njspf;fg;gl;L mgpN\fk; gz;zg;gl;ldh; vd a+j ghuk;ghpak; $Wfpd;wJ.)  Mrhhpaid epakpg;gjw;fhd rpwg;Gg; gypfs; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ (8 : 14-32).  ,e;j mh;g;gzk; VO ehl;fshf njhlh;e;J nrd;wJ.  ,e;j VO ehl;fSk; Mrhhpad; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpw;F ntspNa nry;yf;$lhJ (8:33). VO ehl;fs; mh;g;gzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; vl;lhtJ ehs; Mrhhpad; jdf;fhd gypiar; nrYj;jptpl;Lj; jdJ Copaj;ijj; njhlq;f Ntz;Lk; (9:8-14).  njhlh;e;J kf;fSf;fhd gypiaAk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.  (9 : 15 – 21). gpd;dh; MNuhd; [dq;fis MrPh;tjpf;f Ntz;Lk; (9 : 22 – 24).  me;epa mf;fpdpiaf; nfhz;L te;j fhuzj;jpw;fhf Njtd; ehjhigAk;> mgpa+itAk; jz;bj;jhh;.  (10 : 1-20)  mjw;fhd nghJthd fhuzq;fs; vd;dntdpy;

• mth;fs; jq;fs; J}gfyrj;jpy; neUg;igg; gypgPlj;jpypUe;J vLf;ftpy;iy (Nytp. 16 : 12 @ vz;. 16 : 46).

• mDkjpf;fg;glhj Neuj;jpy; mth;fs; J}gk; fhl;bdh;.

• mNefkhf kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpy; Nghf mth;fs; Kaw;rp nra;jpUf;fyhk; (Nytp. 16 : 12).

          xUtd; jdJ jdpg;gl;l cwTfSf;Fk; Nkyhf Njtid Nerpj;J Copak; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd MNuhDk; mtd; FLk;gj;jhUk; jdJ kfd;fspd; ,e;j kuzj;jpdhy; Ghpe;J nfhz;ldh; (Y}f;. 14 : 26).

III.     xOf;ff; Nflhdtw;wpw;fhd gpukhzq;fs; (11 : 1 – 16 : 34)

          Mrhhpad; vt;tpjk; Njtid mZf Ntz;Lk; vd 8-10-k; mjpfhuq;fspy; tpsf;fg;gl;lJNghy; ,g;gFjpahdJ [dq;fs; vt;tpjk; Njtid Muhjpf;f tuNtz;Lk; vd;gij tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.  [dq;fs; Rj;jj;jpw;fhd Kiwikiaf; filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.  MfNt> ,g;gFjp Rj;jkhd kw;Wk; mRj;jkhdtw;iw NtWgLj;jp mwpe;J nfhs;s cjTfpwJ.  ,];uNtiy ghpRj;jkhf;FtNj ,e;jg; gpukhzj;jpd; Nehf;fk;.   ,];uNty; [dq;fs; ghpRj;jkha; tho njhpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;lth;fs; vd;gijAk;> mth;fs; Muhjpf;Fk; Njtd; ghpRj;jkhdth;> g+uzkhdth; vd;gij epidg;g+l;Lk; gpukhzq;fshf ,J fhzg;gl;lJ.  mRj;jkhd tpyq;Ffspd; khk;rj;ij mth;fs; Grpf;ff; $lhJ (11 : 1-47).  gpurt ehl;fspy; ngz;fs; jq;fisr; Rj;jpfhpg;G nra;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; (12 : 1-8). F\;lNuhfj;jpw;nfd jdpg; gpukhzKk; (13-14)> mRj;jj;jpw;fhd jz;lidf;F jdpg;gpukhzKk; (15) nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  gpuhar;rpj;jk; nra;a Njtid mZFk; Kiwia mjpfhuk; 16 tpsf;FfpwJ.  vy;yh [dq;fSk; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf tUlj;jpw;fhd ght Rj;jpfhpg;G nra;Ak; Kiwia Njtd; tpsf;Ffpwhh;.  gpuharpj;jk; nra;Ak; mNjehspy; gpujhd Mrhhpad; kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpDs; ,uz;L Kiw mjhtJ xU Kiw jdf;fhfTk; ,uz;lhk; Kiw [dq;fSf;fhfTk; gpuNtrpf;f Ntz;Lk;. (16 : 1-16).  gpujhd Mrhhpad; kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpy; gpuharpj;jk; nra;J Kbf;Fk;tiu ve;j MrhhpaDk; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpDs; fhzg;glyhfhJ (16:17).  gpuharpj;j ehspd;NghJ ,];uNty; Njrk; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf NjtNdhLs;s jdJ cld;gbf;ifiag; GJg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;.

Fwpg;G :  ,uz;L Ml;Lf;Fl;bfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jhYk; mit ,U gypfs; my;y@ xNu gypjhd; (16 : 5).  ,uz;L MLfspy; vJ gypaplg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ rPl;L Nghl;L KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ.  ,uz;LNk NjtDf;fhf mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;lJ.  xd;W gypaplg;gl;lJ.  kw;wJ Nghf;fhlhf tplg;gLk; ML.   ,J [dq;fspd; ghtq;fisr; Rke;J nry;fpwJ.  ,J KOtJk; gphpf;fg;gl;l epiy my;yJ mopitf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.  tdhe;juj;jpw;F mDg;gg;gl;l ML gypapd; tpisit ntspg;gLj;JtjhAs;sJ.  ,];uNtyhpd; ghtk; Kw;wpYk; ePf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gJ Nghf;FML fhl;Lk; milahsk; (rq;. 103 : 12 @ kPfh 7 : 19).  ,e;j ML xU Fwpg;gpl;l egh; %ykhf mDg;gg;gl;lJ.  ML mDg;gg;gl;l gpd; mij elj;jpr; nrd;wth; jd;idf; fOTthh;. Vnddpy; mth; ghisaj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;Ng nrd;whh;.  ghisaj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghd gFjp nghJthf mRj;jkhdjhf fUjg;gl;ljhy; elj;jpr; nrd;wth; jd;idr; Rj;jpfhpg;ghh;.

1. ,];uNtyUf;fhd ghpRj;jk; vDk; epajp (17 : 1 – 26 : 46)

          Nga;fis Muhjpj;jy; kw;Wk; mitfSf;Fg; gyp nrYj;Jjy; Nghd;wit tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ (17 : 7).  vdNt jq;fs; gypfis Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpy; kl;LNk nrYj;j Ntz;Lk; (17 : 4-6).  ,uj;jk; [PtDf;F milahskhapUg;gjhy; mth;fs; ,uj;jk; Grpf;ff;$lhJ.

Fwpg;G :  khk;rj;jpd; caph; ,uj;jj;jpy; ,Ug;gij tpQ;Qhdk; fl;Lgpbg;gjw;F Kd; Ntjhfkj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,JTk; Ntjhfkk; NjtDila thh;j;ij vd;gjw;fhd xU Kf;fpa rhd;whFk; (17 : 11).

ghypay; tho;itf; Fwpj;j gpukhzk; 18-k; mjpfhuj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.  r%f cwitf; Fwpj;j mjpfhuk; 19 $WfpwJ.  r%fj;jpy; rhpahd cwT NjtdplkpUe;J njhlq;Ffpd;wJ.   Njtd; jd;idg; Nghy jdJ [dq;fs; ghpRj;jkhapUf;f tpUk;Gfpd;whh; (19 : 2)  mjpfhuk; 20 jtwhd Muhjid kw;Wk; mjw;fhd jz;lid gw;wp $WfpwJ.  Mdhy; 21> 22-k; mjpfhuq;fs; Mrhhpadpd; ghpRj;jk; kw;Wk; gypfisg;gw;wp $Wfpd;wJ.  mjpfhuk; 23-y; ,];uNtyhpd; VOtif rpwg;G $btUjy; kw;Wk; gz;biffs; ahTk; ,izj;Jf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.  ,tw;wpy; mNdfk; epidT$Uk; gz;biffs; MFk;.  mitfs; ,];uNtyh;fSf;F mth;fsJ tuyhW> me;j tuyhw;wpy; Njtdpd; nray;ghL Nghd;wtw;iw Qhgfg;gLj;jpaJ.  24-k; mjpfhuj;jpy; Njtd; mizahj tpsf;F> r%fj;jg;gk; kw;Wk; jdJ ehkj;jpw;fhd fdk; Mfpatw;iwf; fl;lisapLfpwhh;.

          tpLjiyapd; Mz;il Nytp. 25 tpsf;FfpwJ.  xt;nthU 7-tJ tUlKk; epyq;fs; ntWikahf tplg;gl Ntz;Lk; (ahj;. 23 : 10-13).  ,];uNtyh; jq;fs; epyj;ijg; gpw ,];uNtyUf;F tpw;fyhk;.  Mdhy; me;j cilik tpLjiy Mz;by; mjd; cz;ikahd chpikahsUf;F kPz;Lk; nrhe;jkhf;fg;gLk; (25 : 14-16).  tpLjiy tUlj;jpw;fhd rpwg;G MrPh;thjKk; Njtdhy; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.  6-tJ tUlj;jpd; tpisr;ry; tpLjiy Mz;lhfpa Vohk; tUlj;jpw;Fk; NghJkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk; (25 : 20-22).  Njtd; vy;yhtw;iwAk; gilj;jth;.  MfNt> midj;Jk; Fwpg;ghf ,];uNty; [dq;fSk; mtUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdth;fs.  ,];uNtyh; jq;fs; cilikfspd; cz;ikahd chpikahsh;fs; my;y.   mth;fspd; cilikfSf;F NjtNd v[khd;.  MfNt cilikfis kPl;Fk; nray; fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd vz;zpdh; (25 : 23> 24).  jq;fs; cilikfs; kPJ NjtdJ chpikia Vw;W ,];uNtyh; NjtDf;F jrk ghfk; nrYj;jpdh;.  mjp.26 fPo;g;gbjYf;fhd MrPh;thjj;ijAk;> fPo;g;gbahikf;fhd rhgj;ijAk; tpsf;FfpwJ.

1. nghUj;jidfisf; Fwpj;j gpukhzk; (27 : 1 – 34)

          ,g;gFjp thf;FWjpfis (nghUj;jid) Fwpj;J tpsf;FfpwJ   Kjy; gpwg;G> xJf;fg;gl;litfs; kw;Wk; jrkghfk; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gpwUf;Ff; nfhLg;gjhf thf;Fg;gz;z KbahJ (27 : 26 – 34).

Fwpg;G :  thf;FWjp (nghUj;jid) nra;J nfhs;Sk; ,g;gof;fk; a+j rKjhaj;jpw;F ntspNa Gw [hjpahh; kj;jpapy; Gjpa Vw;ghl;L rigfspy; nghJthf gof;fg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy vdpDk; xUKiw  a+juhfpa gTy; rpwg;Gf; fhzpf;if nrYj;Jtjw;F vUrNykpw;Fr; nrd;whh; (mg;. 21 : 18 – 26).

vz;zhfkk;

                   NkhNr vOjpa gQ;rhfkj;jpd; 4-k; Gj;jfk; vz;zhfkk;.  ,J 38-39 tUl fhy tuyhw;iwf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.  ,jpYs;s mNdf rk;gtq;fs; %d;W Kf;fpa ,lq;fshd rPdha; kiy> fhNj]; – gh;Ndah kw;Wk; Nkhthgpd; rkntspg; gFjpapy; ele;jd.  ,t;tplj;jpy; vz;zhfkk; %d;W gphpTfshfg; gphpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.  rPdha; kiyapypUe;J fhNj];-gh;Ndah tiuapyhd gazk; (1-2)@ fhNj];-gh;Ndahtpy; jtW nra;jjhy; miye;J jphpjy; (13-19)@ tdhe;juj;jpw;F ntspNa fhNj]; – gh;NdahtpypUe;J Nkhthgpd; rkntspapy; gpuahzk; nra;jy; (20 – 26).

Mrphpah; kw;Wk; fhyk;

                   vfpg;jpypUe;J ,];uNtyh; ntspNawpajpypUe;J Rkhh; 39 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd; ,jid NkhNr vOjpdhh;.  vdNt ,jd; fhyk; mNdfkhf fp.K.1400 (mjpfkhf mwpe;J nfhs;s gQ;rhfk KfTiuiag; ghh;f;fTk;).

1.   ghsaj;ij xOq;FgLj;Jjy;. 1 : 1 – 4 : 49

2. ghsaj;ijr; Rj;jpfhpj;jy;. 5 : 1 – 6 : 27

• ghisaj;jpd; gypfs;. 7 : 1 – 9 : 14

1. ghisaj;jpd; mzptFg;G. 9 : 15 – 10 : 31

2. ghisak; ,wq;fpd ,lq;fs;. 11 : 1 – 12 : 16

3. fhNj];-gh;Ndahtpy; Vw;gl;l fyfk;. 13 : 1 – 14 : 45

• fhzpf;if nrYj;Jk; tpjpKiwfs;. 15 : 1 – 47

• NfhuhFtpd; fyfk;. 16 : 1 – 17 : 13

1. Mrhhpadpd; chpikfs;. 18 : 1 – 32

2. fplhhpiag; gw;wpajhd tpjpKiwfs;. 19 : 1 – 22

3. Nkhthgpw;F mzptFj;Jr; nry;Yjy;. 20 : 1 – 21 : 35

• Nkhthgpd; rjpj;jpl;lk;. 22 : 1 – 25 : 16

• fhdhid Rje;jhpg;gjw;fhd Maj;jq;fs. 26 : 1 – 27 : 23

• Muhjidf;fhd rl;lq;fs;. 28 : 1 – 30 : 16

1. kPjpahdpah;fisg; gopthq;Fjy;. 31 : 1 – 54

• &gd; kw;Wk; fhj; fbe;Jnfhs;sg;gLjy;. 32 : 1 – 42

• ,];uNtyhpd; gazj;ijj; jpUk;gg; ghh;j;jy;. 33 : 1 – 49

• fhdhid Rje;jhpg;gjw;fhd rl;ljpl;lq;fs. 33 : 50 – 36 : 13

vz;zhfkj;jpd; ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs;

1. ghisaj;ij xOq;FgLj;Jjy;. 1 : 1 – 4 : 49

          ,];uNtyhpd; [dj;njhif fzf;nfLg;ig ,J $Wfpd;wJ.  mNdfkhf ,J Kw;wpYk; Gjpa fzf;nfLg;ghf mikahky; ahj;jpuhfkk; 30 : 14 kw;Wk; 38 : 26-d; mbg;gilapyhdJ.  ,];uNtypd; uhZt gyj;ijj; jpl;lkpl ,J vLf;fg;gl;lJ.  MfNt> taJf;F te;j Mz;fs; kl;LNk (20 taJf;FNky;) vz;zg;gl;ldh;.  Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;if (603550).  ,];uNtyhpd; [dj;njhif Fiwe;jJ 20 Kjy; 30 yl;rq;fshf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk; vdf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. (Mz;fs;> ngz;fs;> Foe;ijfs;).  ,J gy ,lq;fspy; mbf;fb Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ (ahj;. 12 : 37 @ 38 : 26 @ vz;. 1 : 46 @ 26 : 51).

          MNuhd; Nytpah;fspd; gzpfisAk; XOq;FgLj;Jk;tpjj;jpy; ,e;jf; fzf;nfLg;G mth;fisAk; cs;slf;fpajhFk; (4 : 27).  kdpjd; jdJ rhPuj;jpYk;> mwptpYk;> czh;tpYk; ey;y epiyapypUf;Fk; 30 Kjy; 50-k; taJ tiuf;Fk; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpy; mth;fs; (Mrhhpah;) gzpnra;a mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldh;.

Fwpg;G: ,j;jid kf;fSk; tdhe;juj;jpy; vt;thW Ngh\pf;fg;gl;bUf;ff; $Lk;?  vDk; Nfs;tpapdhy; rpyh; ,];uNtypd; [dj;njhifiar; re;Njfpf;fpd;wdh;.  Mdhy; ,];uNtyhpd; Ngh[dj;jpw;fhd tp\ak; Njtdpd; Xh; mw;Gjr; nrayhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ.  vdNt> ,t;tpj Nfs;tpf;fhd mtrpak; VJk; ,y;iy.

1. ghisaj;jpd; Rj;jpfhpg;G (5 : 1 – 6 : 27)

                   ghisaj;jpd; J}a;ik Fwpg;ghf FLk;g cwtpy; vt;tpjk; fhf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd 5-k; mjpfhuk; tpsf;FfpwJ.  Mjpfhuk;-6 erNuah;fspd; gpukhzj;ij tpsf;FfpwJ.  erNuad; vd;gJ “gphpj;njLj;jy;” vDk; nghUs; nfhz;l vgpNua ngah;r;nrhy;.  erNua cWjp vLj;Jf; nfhz;l kdpjd; Fwpg;gpl;lfhyk; jd;id cyf Mrhghrq;fspypUe;J  gphpj;J     NjtNdhL ghpRj;j cwT itj;Jf; nfhs;Sfpwhd;.  jw;fhypf erNuaDf;Fk; epue;ju         erNuaDf;Fk; nghpa NtWghL cz;L.  epue;ju erNuaDf;F rpk;Nrhd; Xh;  cjhuzkhthd; (epah. 13-16@ MNkh]; 2 : 11> 12).  erNuah;fs; jpuhl;irurk; mUe;Jjy; $lhJ> ,we;j clk;igj; njhLjy; kw;Wk;   jiyr;rtuk; nra;jy; $lhJ.

• ghisaj;jpd; gypfs; (7 : 1 – 9 : 14)

                   NkhNrapdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l jiyth;fs; (Mjp. 1> 2) gypfisf; nfhz;Lte;J Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpd; Muhjidfisj; njhlq;fp itj;jdh; (7 : 1 – 89).  NkhNr cld;gbf;ifg; ngl;b mUNf NjtDila thh;j;ijiaf; Nfl;Fk; rpyhf;fpak; ngw;wpUe;jhd;.  Mdhy; MNuhd; Nki[ kw;Wk; tpsf;Fj;jz;L itf;fg;gl;bUe;j ,lk; tiu kl;LNk nry;y Ntz;Lk.   gpuhar;rpj;jk; nra;Ak; ehs; kl;Lk;  cld;gbf;ifg; ngl;bf;F mUNf nry;y mDkjpf;fg;gl;lhh;.  (7 : 89 – 8 : 4).  Nytpah;fspd; Copak; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l tpsf;fk; mjp. 8 : 5 – 22 gFjpapy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.  ,jw;F Kd;ghf NkhNr> MNuhd; kw;Wk; mtd; gps;isfs; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpy; gzpnra;jdh;.  jiyth;fs; gyp nrYj;jpagpd;> Nytpah;fs; nrYj;jpdh;.  mijj; njhlh;e;J Kiwg;gb Mrhhpah;fspd; gzp njhlq;fpaJ.  ,g;gzpia Mrhhpah;fs; epiwNtw;Wtjw;F Nytpah;fs; cjtp Ghpe;jdh;.  Nytpah; 25-k; tajpy; gapw;rpf;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldh;.  5 tUl gapw;rpf;Fg; gpd; 30-k; tajpy; gzpf;fhd KOj;jFjpaile;jdh; (4 : 3> 4 @ 8 : 23-26).  ,f;fhyf; fl;lj;jpy; ,];uNtyh; jkJ ,uz;lhk; g];fh gz;bif filgpbj;jdh; (9 : 1 – 14).

1. ghisaj;jpd; mzptFg;G (9 : 15 – 10 : 36)

                  ,];uNtyh; jq;fSila xOq;fpd;gb gazk; nra;j tpjj;ijAk; jq;fpd tpjj;ijak; ,g;gFjp tpsf;FfpwJ.  Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpw;F Neuhf NkNy mth;fis vfpg;jpypUe;J topelj;jp te;j Nkfk; epd;wJ.  Njt gpurd;dj;ijak;> [dq;fSf;F Njtd; nfhLf;Fk; ghJfhg;igAk; ,J milahsg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ (9 : 15-23).  mth;fSf;F ,uz;L tif vf;fhsq;fs; ,Ue;jd.  xd;W [dq;fs; $btUtjw;fhfTk; (10 : 3> 4) Ntnwhd;W [dq;fs; ,lk; ngaUtjw;Fk; (10 : 5-8) gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.  ,];uNtyh; fhdhid vl;baTld; ,itfs; uhZt epfo;r;rpf;Fk;> Muhjidf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ (10 : 9>10)

1. ghisakpwq;fpd ,lq;fs; (11 : 1 – 12 : 16)

                   ,];uNtyh; vfpg;ij tpl;L te;jNghJ rpy vfpg;jpah;fs; mth;fNshL  te;jdh;. (11 : 4 @ ahj;. 12 : 38).  ,g;gb ,];uNtyUld; te;j vfpg;jpah; czTf;fhf Kjypy; KWKWj;jdh;.  NkhNr jdJ jiyikj;Jtj;jpy; fLikahd #o;epiyiag re;jpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ.  ,ijr; re;jpf;f cjtpahf Njtd; cjtpj; jiyth;fisf; nfhLj;jhh;.  gpd;dh; jdJ rNfhjhp kphpahk; %yk; NkhNrf;F mtuJ FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gpur;rid Vw;gl;lJ.  vdpDk; Njtd; kphpahikj; jz;bj;J NkhNrapd; jiyikj;Jtj;ij [dq;fSf;FKd; ep&gpj;jhh;.

1. fhNj]; – gh;Ndahtpy; Vw;gl;l fyfk; (13 : 1 – 14 : 45)

                   NkhNr 12 NtTfhuh;fisf; fhdhDf;Fs; mDg;gpdhd;.  mth;fspy; NahRth kw;Wk; fhNyg; jtpu NtW 10 Ngh;fSk; jPa nra;jpiaf; nfhz;L te;jdh;.  ,ijf; Nfl;l ,];uNtyh;fs; KWKWj;J vfpg;jpw;F jpUk;gpg; Nghf vz;zpdh; (14 : 4).  mth;fspd; fyfj;jpdhy; Njtd; mth;fis 40 tUlq;fs; tdhe;jpuj;jpy; miyAk;gb nra;jhh;.  40 tUlq;fs; vd;gJ xU re;jjpapd; fhyj;ijf; Fwpg;gjhAs;sJ.

• fhzpf;if nrYj;Jtjw;fhd tpjpKiwfs; (15 : 1-47)

                  jfdgyp> rkhjhd gyp Nghd;w rpy gypfSf;fhd tpjpKiwfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.  (Nytpauhfkj;jpy; gypfisf; Fwpj;j ghlj;ijg; gbf;fTk;).

• NfhuhFtpd; fyfk; (16 : 1 – 17 : 13)

                  NfhuhF vd;gtd; Nfhfhj;jpd; Fkhuh;fSs; xUtd;.  ,th;fs; kfh ghpRj;jKs;s nghUl;fisr; Rke;J nry;Yk; tha;g;igg; ngw;wth;fs;.  ,td; NkhNr kw;Wk; MNuhdpd; jiyikf;F vjph;j;J epd;wh;.  [df;$l;lKk; NfhuhFtpd; gf;fk; rha;e;jJ.  NkhNr mth;fNshL rkhjhdkhf Nghf Kaw;rpj;Jk; tha;f;ftpy;iy.  vdNt> Njtd; fyff;fhuh;fisj; jz;bj;jhh; (Mjp.16).  MNuhdpd; jsph;j;j Nfhy; %yk; Njtd; MNuhdpd; Mrhhpaj;Jtj;ij epiyepWj;jpdhh;.

1. Mrhhpadpd; chpikfs; (18 : 1 – 32)

                  Njtd; Mrhhpah;fspd; gzpia Nytpah;fspd; gzpfspypUe;J NtWgLj;jpdhh;.  Mrhhpah;fs; ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpYk; gypgPlj;jpYk; Copak; nra;a ntz;Lk;.  Mdhy; Nytpah;fs; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpYs;s gpufhuq;fspd; flikfisr; nra;a Mrhhpah;fSf;F cjtp Ghpa Ntz;Lk;.  Mdhy;> gypgPlj;jpNyh> Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpd; Kf;fpa ,lq;fspNyh NtW vJTk; nra;af;$lhJ.  Mrhhpah;fSf;F cjTk; tifapy; Njtd; ,t;tpj xOq;if eph;zak; nra;jhh;.  mth;fs; Ngh[d gyp> mirthl;Lk; gyp Nghd;wtw;wpy; rhg;gplyhk;.  Nytpah;fSf;F [dq;fs; jrkghfk; nfhLj;jdh;.  ,e;jj; jrkghfj;jpypUe;J rpwe;jtw;iw mth;fs; Mrhhpah;fSf;Fj; jrkghfkhff; nfhLj;jdh;.  Mrhhpah;fs; fhzpf;iffspd; xU gFjpia NjtDf;Ff; nfhLj;jhh;fs;.  mJ Myag; gz;lfrhiyapy; Nrh;f;fg;gl;lJ.

1. fplhhpiaf; Fwpj;jjhd tpjpKiwfs; (19 : 1 – 22)

          Njhpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;l fplhhp MrhhpaDf;F Kd; mbf;fg;gl;L ghisaj;jpw;F ntspNa vhpf;fg;gl;lJ.  gpujhd Mrhhpad; ,jpy; <Lglkhl;lhh;.  vdNt> ,J ,uz;lhk; epiyapYs;s MrhhpaDf;F Kd; mbf;fg;gLk;.  gpd;dh; mjd; ,uj;jj;ij Mrhhpad; vLj;J fplhhp mbf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpypUe;J gpufhuj;ij Nehf;fp VOKiw njspg;ghd;.  ,t;tpjkhf njspg;gJ ,];uNty; [dq;fs; ghtj;;jpypUe;J Kw;wpYk; Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gLtijf; fhl;LfpwJ.

1. Nkhthgpw;F mzptFj;Jr; nry;Yjy; (20 : 1 – 21 : 35)

          tdhe;jug; gpuahzj;jpd; 40-tJ tUlk; mjpfhuk; 20-y; Muk;gkhdJ.  ,e;j ,Wjp tUlj;jpy; fhdhidr; Rje;jhpf;Fk;gb ,sk; re;jjpia Njtd; Maj;jg;gLj;jj; Jtq;fpdhh;.  ,sk; re;jjpapdUk; Kd;Ndhh;fspd; KWKWj;jy; kw;Wk; Njtdplk; mtek;gpf;if Nghd;w ,U ghtq;fisg; gpd;gw;wpdh;.  ,th;fSk; jz;zPUf;fhf KWKWj;jdh;.  ,e;j ,lj;jpy; (fhNj];) ghiwapdplj;jpy; NgRkhW Njtd; NkhNraplj;jpy; $wpdh;.  Mdhy; NkhNr ghiwia mbj;jhd;.  mjdhy; Njtid KOtJkhfg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; NkhNr jtwpg; Nghdhd;.  ,jw;fhf thf;Fj;jj;jk; gz;zg;gl;l Njrj;jpy; NkhNr gpuNtrpg;gij Njtd; tpyf;fpdhh;.

          thf;Fj;jj;jk; gz;zg;gl;l Njrj;ijr; Rje;jhpg;gjw;F Kd; Xh; kiyapypUe;J Nkhthg; rkntspf;Fg; gazk; nra;jij mjpfhuk; 21 tpsf;FfpwJ.  Njtd; ntw;wpiaf; nfhLj;jpUe;Jk; (1-3)> mth;fs; ,d;Dk; Fiw$wpdh;.  vdNt> Njtd; nfhs;sptha; rh;g;gq;fis mDg;gpdhh;.  ghk;G fbj;jTld; ntz;fy rh;g;gj;ij (tpRthrj;jhy;) ghh;j;jth;fs; khpf;fhky; gpioj;jdh;.

• Nkhthgpd; rjpj;jpl;lk; (22 : 1 – 25 : 16)

          gpNyahk; vd;gtd; ,];uNty; ehl;ilr; rhuhj xU jtwhd jPh;f;fjhprp (2 NgJ. 2 : 15@ a+jh 11 @ ntsp. 2 : 14).  Njtd; mtid ,];uNtyiu rgpg;gjpypUe;J jLj;jhh;.  mtdJ fOijapd; %ykhfTk; vr;rhpj;jhh;.  vdpDk; NjtDila topia mtd; rpe;jpf;ftpy;iy.  Njtd; gpNyahkplk; $wp uh[hthfpa ghyhf;fpw;FKd; ,];uNty; [dq;fis MrPh;tjpf;FkhW nra;jhh;.  ,Ug;gpDk; gpNyahkpd; je;jpu nra;ifahy; (31 : 16 @ ntsp. 2 : 14).  Nkhthgpah;fs; ,];uNtyh;fisj; jq;fs; nja;tq;fis topglTk;> rk;ge;jk; nfhs;sTk; mioj;jdh;.  ,jdhy; Njtd; mth;fisAk; jz;bj;jhh;.

• fhdhid Rje;jhpg;gjw;fhd Maj;jq;fs; (26 : 1 – 27 : 23)

          ,sk; ,];uNty; re;jjpf;fhd Gjpa kf;fs;njhif fzf;nfLg;G nra;ag;gl;lJ.  ,J epyj;ijg; gq;fpLtjw;Fk; gad;gl;lJ.  nghpa Nfhj;jpuk; mjpfkhfTk; rpwpa Nfhj;jpuk; FiwthfTk; epyj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.  NkhNrapd; ,Wjp ehl;fs; neUq;fpdgbahy; thf;Fj;jj;jk; gz;zg;gl;l Njrj;ij Nfhj;jpuq;fSf;Fg; gq;fpl jdJ mLj;j jiytdhf NahRthit epakpj;jhh;.

• Muhjidf;fhd rl;lq;fs; (28 : 1 – 30 : 16)

          gytpj gypfs; kw;Wk; thf;FWjp Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpj;j rpy topKiwfs; ,g;gFjpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.  (NkYk; tpguq;fl;F Nytpauhfkk; gyp Fwpg;Gfis ,g;ghlj;jpd; Kd;gFjpapy; thrpf;fTk;).

1. kPjpahdpaiug; gopthq;Fjy; (31 : 1 – 54)

           ,];uNtyh;fis tQ;rpg;gjpy; (25 : 16 -18) kPjpahdpah; NkhthgpaNuhL (mjp. 22-25) ,ize;J nray;gl;ljpdpkpj;jk; kPjpahdpah; gopthq;fg;gl;ldh;.  ,e;j Aj;jk; ,uhZtj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; gjpyhf Mrhhpadhy; (gpNdfh];) elj;jg;gl;lJ.  mth;fs; kPjpahdpahpd; vy;yh Mz; kf;fisAk; nfhiynra;J nfhs;isahbdh;.  Mdhy; ,];uNtyhpy; xUtUk; ,e;j Aj;jj;jpy; nfhy;yg;gltpy;iy  (31 : 49).  ,e;j ntw;wpapdpkpj;jk; ,];uNty; jiyth;fs; xU rpwg;Gg; gypia NjtDf;Fr; nrYj;jpdh; (31 : 47-54).

• &gd; kw;Wk; fhj; fbe;J nfhs;sg;gLjy; (32 : 1 – 42)

          Njrj;ijr; Rje;jhpf;Fk;NghJ ,e;j ,U Nfhj;jpuj;jhUk; (&gd; kw;Wk; fhj;) Nahh;jhdpd; fpof;Fg; gFjpapy; jq;Ftjw;F tpUk;gpdh;.  mth;fSila jPh;khdk; kw;w Nfhj;jpuj;jhiur; Nrhh;Twr; nra;ayhk;.  vdNt> NkhNr mth;fsplk; kw;wth;fSk; Njrj;ijr; Rje;jhpj;Jf; nfhs;s cjTkhW Gj;jpkjpaspj;jhd;.  KOikahff; ifg;gw;wpagpd; ,t;tpU Nfhj;jpuj;jhUk; Nahh;jhdpd; fpof;Fg; gFjpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldh;.  vdpDk;> mth;fis NkhNr “ePq;fs; fPo;g;gbahjpUe;jhy; “cq;fs; ghtk; cq;fisj; njhlhe;J gpbf;Fk;” vd vr;rhpj;jhd; (32 : 23).

• ,];uNtyhpd; gazj;ijj; jpUk;gg; ghh;j;jy; (33 : 1-49)

          ,];uNtyh; vfpg;jpypUe;J fhdhDf;F Neuhf te;j gazj;jpd;NghJ topapy; jq;fpa ,lq;fis ,g;ghlg;gFjp RUf;fkhff; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

• fhdhid Rje;jhpg;gjw;fhd rl;ljpl;lq;fs; (33 : 50 – 36 : 13)

          Njrj;ijf; ifg;gw;wp gq;fpLtjw;fhd vy;iffSk; topKiwfSk; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.  ,];uNtyh; NytpaUf;F 48 gl;lzq;fisf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.  mjpf gug;gsT epyk; ngw;w Nfhj;jpuk;  NytpaUf;F mjpf gl;lzq;fisf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. (38 : 1 – 8).  Nahh;jhdpd; xt;nthU gf;fq;fspYk; (,U fiuapYk;) Fw;wthsp Xbr;nrd;W jd;idf; nfhiynra;a  vz;Zk; gopthq;FgthplkpUe;J jg;Gtpj;Jf; nfhs;s VJthf %d;W %d;W gl;lzq;fis milf;fyg; gl;lzq;fshf epakpf;f Ntz;Lk;.  gpd;dh; me;jf; nfhiyahsp (Fw;wk; nra;jth;) gpujhd Mrhhpadpd; kuzk; tiuf;Fk; mq;Nf jq;f Ntz;Lk;. Fw;wk; nra;jtd; milf;fyg; gl;lzj;jpw;F ntspNa nrd;W mq;Nf gopthq;Fgtd; mtidf; fz;L nfhiynra;jhy; mtd;Nky; Fw;wk; RkuhJ.

cghfkk;

                   ‘ba+l;whdkp’ vDk; Mq;fpy thh;j;ij cghfkk; vd jkpopy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.  “ba+l;Nwh” vd;gjw;F “,uz;L my;yJ ,uz;lhtJ” vd;W nghUs;.  vdNt> ,J ,uz;lhk; epahag;gpukhzk; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.  Mdhy; ,J Gjpa epahag; gpukhzk; my;y@ khwhf NkhNrapd; epahag; gpukhzj;jpd; RUf;fk;.  vdNt> ,e;jg; Gj;jfk; “NkhNrapd; thh;j;ijfs;” vdTk; vgpNuaj;jpy; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

Mrphpah; kw;Wk; fhyk;

                   NkhNr ,g;Gj;jfj;ijj; jdJ 120-tJ tajpy; Rkhh; fp.K.1400-y; vOjpdhh;.  ,];uNtyh; Nahh;jhidf; flg;gjw;F NjtDila fl;lisf;fhf Nahh;jhd; ejpf;fiuapy; fhj;jpUe;jdh;.  mth;fs; flg;gjw;F Kd;dhy;  fhdhd; Njrj;ijf; ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhf ,];uNty; [dq;fis Maj;jg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; %d;W Kf;fpa ciufs; kw;Wk; ,Wjp MNyhrid thh;j;ijfshy; NkhNrapd; cs;sj;jpy; Njtd; ce;Jjy; nfhLj;jhh;.

                   gQ;rhfkj;jpd; xt;nthU Gj;jfKk; Fwpg;gpl;l Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;fpwJ.  Mjpahfkk; kdpjdpd; tPo;r;rpiaAk; Njtdpd;  rh;thjpfhuj;ijAk; ahj;jpuhfkk; kdpjdpd; kPl;igAk; Njtdpd; ty;yikiaAk;> Nytpauhfkk; kdpjdpd; MuhjidiaAk;> Njtdpd; ghpRj;jj;ijAk;> vz;zhfkk; kdpjdpd; elj;ijiaAk;> Njtdpd; jaT kw;Wk; fz;bg;igAk;> cghfkk; NjtdJ cz;ikj; jd;ik kw;Wk; kdpjdplk; mtuJ md;igAk;> kdpjDila KOikahd fPo;g;gbjiyAk; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhl;LtjhAs;sd.

cghfkj;jpd; RUf;fk;

1. mwpKfk; (1 : 1 – 5)

2. tuyhw;W KfTiu (1 : 6 – 4 : 49)

III.      nghJthfr; nra;a Ntz;bait (5 : 1 – 11 : 32)

1. nghJ Muhjid (12 : 1 – 16 : 17)

2. Kiwahd eph;thfk; (16 : 18 – 26 : 19)

3. MrPh;thjq;fSk; rhgq;fSk; (27 : 1 – 28 : 68)

VII.  ghy];jPdpa cld;gbf;ifapd; cs;slf;fk; (29 : 1 – 30 : 20)

VIII.   NkhNrapd; Copaj;jpd; KbT (31 : 1 – 33 : 29)

IX      NkhNrapd; kuzk; (34 : 1 – 12)

cghfkj;jpd; ghl tpsf;ff; Fwpg;Gfs;

1. mwpKfk; (1 : 1 – 5)

          “nrhd;d trdq;fshtd” vd;gJ xU nghJthd mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; thh;j;ijahf cld;gbf;if nra;Ak;NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.  cghfkj;jpw;Fk;> nghJthf kf;fs; Vw;gLj;Jk; cld;gbf;iff;Fk; cs;s NtWghl;ilf; ftdpf;fTk;.  nghJthfgpwNjr cld;gbf;ifapy; uh[h NgRfpwhh;’ vd;W $wg;gLk;.  Mdhy; cghfkj;jpy; NkhNr uh[h NgRfpwhh; vd;wpy;yhky; “Njtd; ciuf;fpwhh;” vd;W $wp jd;id NjtDf;Fg; gpujpepjpahf epWj;jpg; NgRfpwhh;.

1. tuyhw;W KfTiu (1 : 6- 4 : 49)

          Njtdpd; cz;ikAs;s jd;ikiaAk;> ,];uNtypd; cz;ikaw;w epiyiaAk; epidg;g+l;Lk; tifapy; XNug; Kjy; v];Nghd; tiuapYk; cs;s eltbf;iffis NkhNr $wpdhd;.  Njtid Nerpf;fTk; mtUf;F Kd; cz;ikAs;sth;fshf ,Uf;fTk; NkhNr [dq;fSf;Ff; fl;lisapl;lhd;.

III.     nghJthf nra;a Ntz;baitfs; (filgpbf;f Ntz;bait) (5 : 1-11:32)

          NkhNr gj;Jf;fl;lisfis Kf;fpag;gLj;jp [dq;fSf;F tpsf;fpdhd;.  ,g;gFjpapYs;s Kf;fpa (6:4) gFjpahd “,];uNtNy Nfs;@ ek;Kila Njtdhfpa fh;j;jh; xUtNu fh;j;jh;” vDk; thf;fpak; Njtdpd; jd;dpfuw;w jd;ikiaf; Fwpg;gjhAs;sJ.  “Njthjp NjtDk;> fh;j;jhjp fh;j;jUk;” (10 : 17) vDk; thf;fpak; vgpNua nkhopapd; jd;dpfuw;w jd;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jk; KiwahFk;.  mJNghyNt “kfj;JtKk; ty;yikAk; gaq;fuKkhd Njtd;” vd;w nrhw;nwhlUk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.  ,g;gjq;fs; “xg;gw;w Njtd;” vdf;$w gad;gLk; vgpNua nrhw;nwhlh;fs; MFk;.

1. nghJ Muhjid (12 : 1 – 16 : 17)

          Njtd; xU nghJthd gpufhuj;ij (Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuk;) [dq;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;jhh;. fhdhDf;Fs; nrd;w gpd;G ,J Kjypy; fpy;fhypy; epWtg;gl;lJ.  gpd;dh; vUrNyKf;F khw;wg;gl;lJ.  ,];uNtyh; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; Muhjid nra;aTk;> gypfs;> jrkghfk;> kw;Wk; Kjw;gyd;fs; midj;ijAk; nfhz;L tuTk; VJthf ,e;j Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuk; epWtg;gl;lJ.

          ,];uNtyh; fhdhdpy; gutpr; nrd;wgpd; mth;fsJ czTf;fhf jq;fs; fpuhkj;jpypUe;J J}ukhapUe;j Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpw;F tuhky; fpuhkq;fspNyNa tpyq;Ffis mbj;Jg; Grpf;f mDkjpj;jhh; (12 : 15 – 28@ Nytp. 17).  MapDk; mth;fsJ gyp> jrkghfk;> Kjw;gyd; kw;Wk; nghUj;jidfisr; nra;a Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpw;F mth;fs; tuNtz;bajhapUe;jJ.  mjdhy; Nytpah; Ngh\pf;fg;gl;ldh;. (14 : 22-27).  %d;whk; kw;Wk; Mwhk; tUlq;fshd tpLjiy Mz;by; ,];uNtyh; jq;fs; rKjhaj;jpNyAs;s ViofSf;F cjTk; tifapy; xU rpwg;G jrkghfj;ijf; nfhz;L tuNtz;Lk;.  vdNt> %d;W tifahd jrkghfk; mth;fSf;Ff; fhzg;gl;lJ.  nghJthf ,e;j jrkghfk; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhug; gz;bifapd;NghJ nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. Kjy; jrkghfkhdJ Nytpah;fs; kw;Wk; Mrhhpah;fSf;F cjTtjw;fhf Nrfhpf;fg;gl;lJ (vz;. 18 : 20-32@ Nytp. 27 : 30)@ ,uz;lhtJ jrkghfk; (cgh. 14 : 22-27) gz;biffisf; nfhz;lhlTk; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhu gzpKl;Lfisg; guhkhpf;fTk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.  %d;whk; jrkghfkhdJ xt;nthU 3-k; Mz;bYk; ViofSf;F cjTk; tifapy; (cgh. 26 : 12-15) Nrfhpf;fg;gl;lJ.

          ,];uNtyh; g];fh gz;bif (Gspg;gpy;yh mg;gg;gz;bifNahL ,ize;jJ)> nge;njnfh];Nj gz;bif (thuq;fspd; gz;bif) kw;Wk; $lhug; gz;bif Nghd;w Ntisfspy; xU tUlj;jpy; %d;W Kiwfs; NjtDf;F Kd;ghf tuNtz;Lk; vd Njtd; $wpdhh;.

1. Kiwahd eph;thfk; (16 : 18 – 26 : 19)

          eph;thf nfhs;iffSk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.  fbdkhd ve;jg; gpur;ridfSk; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpy; epahahjpgjpfs; kw;Wk; Mrhhpah;fsplk; nfhz;L tug;gl Ntz;Lk; (17 : 9-13). ,uh[hf;fs; fhzg;gl;lhy; mth;fSk; epahag;gpukhzj;jpy; xU gpujpia nrhe;jkhf itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w xOq;if Njtd; nfhLj;jhh;.  Gw[hjpahhpy; vtUk; ,];uNtypd; uh[hthf epakpf;fg;glf;$lhJ.

          Nytpah;fspd; Kiwikfis mjpfhuk; 18 mjpfkhf tpsf;FfpwJ.  Nytpah;fs; gypfs; kw;Wk; Kjw;gydpd; xU gFjpiag; gq;fhfg; ngw;wdh;.  ,g;gFjp xU tpNr\pj;j jPh;f;fjhprpahfpa ,NaRfpwp];Jitf; Fwpj;Jf; $Wfpd;wJ (18 : 15 – 19).  Njtd; jdJ [dq;fSf;F xU egiu topelj;Jgtuhff; nfhLg;Ngd; vd fpUigaha; thf;fspj;jhh;.  ,e;j topelj;Jjy; rpwg;Gj; jPh;f;fjhprpahfpa ,NaRfpwp];J %yNkahFk;.  (Nah. 1 : 21>25> 43-46@ 6 : 14@ 7:40@ mg;. 3 : 22>23 @ 7 : 37).  tuNtz;ba jPh;f;fjhprp xU ,];uNtydhfTk; NkhNriag; Nghd;Wk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.  ,NaRfpwp];J kl;LNk jdJ Copaj;jpy; NkhNriag; Nghy; fhzg;gl;lhh;.  vdNt> ,g;gFjp (18 : 15-19) ,NaR fpwp];Jtpy; KOikaha; epiwNtWk; cz;ikahd jPh;f;fjhprd Copaj;ijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

          Aj;jk; nra;tjw;fhd rl;lq;fSk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.  vjphpfspd; gl;lzq;fSf;F mUfpYs;s kuq;fs; Kw;wpYk; mopf;fg;glf;$lhJ.  ,J Njtd; Rw;Wr;#oypYk; (Environment) fhpridAilath; vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ (20 : 19> 20).  jdpegh; Rj;jpfhpg;gpw;fhd rl;lq;fSk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd (21 : 10 – 26 : 19).  “eha;” vd 23:18-y; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ  Mz; Xhpdr;Nrh;f;if ghtj;ijf; Fwpg;gjhAs;sJ.

1. MrPh;thjq;fSk; rhgq;fSk; (27 : 1 – 28 : 68)

          NjtDf;Fk; mtUila thh;j;ijf;Fk; Kd;ghf ele;J nfhs;Sk; tpjj;ijg; nghWj;J Njtd; ,];uNtyh;fSf;F xd;wpy; MrPh;thjj;ij my;yJ rhgj;ijf; nfhLj;jhh;.  rhgq;fs; vz;zpf;ifapy; MrPh;thjq;fistpl mjpfkhapUe;jJ.  ,itfs; ghy];jPdpa cld;gbf;ifapd; Xh; Kf;fpa mk;rkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

VII.    ghy];jPdpa cld;gbf;ifapd; cs;slf;fk; (29 : 1 – 30 : 20)

          cgh. 30 : 1 – 10 gFjp ghy];jPdpa cld;gbf;ifiaAk;> Njtd; ,];uNtyiu mth;fsJ kPWjYf;fhf fhdhd; Njrj;jpypUe;J rpjwbj;J gpd;dh; gbg;gbahf vt;thW ghy];jPdpahtpy; $l;br;Nrh;g;ghh;  vd;gijAk; $Wfpd;wJ.

          Njtd;  MgpufhKf;F %d;W thf;Fj;jj;jq;fisf; nfhLj;jhh;  xU Njrk;> xU tpj;J> kw;Wk; xU MrPh;thjk; (Mjp. 12 : 1 – 3).  ,J Mgpufhkpd; cld;gbf;if vd;wiof;fg;gl;lJ. Kw;gpjhf;fshd <rhf;F> ahf;NfhG vd;gth;fspd; ehl;fspYk; ,J kPz;Lk; Qhgf%l;b $wg;gl;lJ (Mjp. 26 : 3 @ 28 : 13-15).  ,e;j cld;gbf;ifahdJ ,];uNtyh; vfpg;jpypUe;J ntspNa nfhz;Ltug;gl;l tpLjiyf;Fk; (cgh. 7 : 7-8) ghy];jPdpahtpy; ,];uNtyUf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gltpUf;Fk; Njrj;jpw;Fk; MjhukhapUe;jJ.

          Njtd; NtnwhU cld;gbf;ifia rPdha; kiyapy; itj;J ,];uNtyUf;Ff; nfhLj;jhh;.  ,JNt NkhNrapd; cld;gbf;if.  ,e;j cld;gbf;if ,];uNtiy xU Njrkhf khw;wp ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Kjyhk; tUiff;F Maj;jg;gLj;jpajhy; ,J xU Kf;fpakhd cld;gbf;ifahapUf;fpd;wJ (ahj;. 19 : 5> 6@ fyh. 4 : 1-5 @ 3 : 23-24).  NkhNrapd; cld;gbf;if epge;jidAld; $bajhapUe;jJ.  Vnddpy; MrPh;thjkhdJ epahag;gpukhzj;ijf; filgpbg;gijg; nghWj;Nj nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.  ,e;jr; rl;lhPjpahd cld;gbf;if ,];uNty; Njrj;jpd; kPJ gy rhgq;fis Vw;gLj;jpaJ.  NkYk; ghy];jPdpa cld;gbf;ifiaAk; ,J ghjpj;jJ.  ,];uNtyhpd; Njhy;tp mth;fs; Njrj;ijtpl;L rpjwbf;fg;glTk; kPz;Lk; ghy];jPdpahtpy; $l;br; Nrh;f;fg;glTk; fhuzkha; mike;jJ (cgh. 28 : 63> 68@ 29 : 28).

          cgh. 30 : 1-10@ NkhNrapd; gpukhzkhdJ ghy];jPdpa cld;gbf;ifiaNah my;yJ Mgpufhkpd; cld;gbf;ifiaNah (fyh. 3 : 15) xJf;fpj; js;stpy;iy vd ,g;gFjp tpsf;FfpwJ.  NkhNrapd; gpukhzkhdJ rka> murpay; kw;Wk; r%f mikg;Gfis Mgpufhkpd; cld;gbf;iff;F cs;NsNa Vw;gLj;jpaJ.  ,];uNtypd; ghtk; kpfTk; nfhbjhapUe;jhYk; Mgpufhkpd; cld;gbf;if kw;Wk; ghy];jPdpa cld;gbf;ifia Gwk;Ng js;sptplhj tpjj;jpy; ,J fhzg;gl;lJ.  vy;yh epiyapYk; ghtj;ijtpl;L kde;jpUk;Gk; topfs; ,Ue;jJ.  Njtd; ,];uNty; kde;jpUk;Gk;gb Mtpf;Fhpa mw;Gjj;ij (,];uNtypd; ,Ujaj;jpy; tpUj;jNrjdk;) nra;fpwtuhAkpUe;jhh;.

          Gjpa cld;gbf;ifahdJ (vNu. 31 : 31-34) Njtd; ,];uNtyiuj; jz;bj;J ghgpNyhd; mbikj;jdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L Nghtjw;F rw;WKd; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ (cgh. 27-29).  ,J ,];uNtyh; vt;tpjk; Njtid NjLthh;fs; vd;gijj; njspthf  tpsf;FfpwJ.  Njtd; jdJ Mtpia Cw;wp> jdJ thh;j;ijia mth;fSf;Fs; Nghl;L (,];uNtiyg; GJg;gpj;J) Mapu tUl murhl;rpia mikg;ghh;.  ,NaR fpwp];J jd;idg; gypahf xg;GnfhLj;J Gjpa cld;gbf;iff;F mbg;gilahd ,uj;jj;ijj; je;jhh;.

VIII.  NkhNrapd; Copaj;jpd; KbT (31 : 1 – 33 : 29)

          ,];uNtiy ,dpNky; ehd; elj;jg;Nghtjpy;iy vd NkhNr ,];uNtyUf;Ff; $wpdhd;. fhuzk; NkhNr NjtDf;Ff; fPo;g;gbaj; jtwpajhy; fhdhDf;Fs; Eioa mth; mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy (vz;. 20 : 7-13@ 27 : 12-14).  NkhNr Njtidj; Jjpj;Jg; ghbdhd;.  mJ xU Nghjidg; ghlyhf ,Ue;jJ.  ‘na\_ud;’ vDk; ngah; ,];uNtYf;fhd xU nry;yg; ngauhf ,Ue;jJ.  ,jd; nghUs; ‘rd;khh;f;fd;’ vd;gjhFk;. (32 : 15 – 18).  NkhNr xU je;ijahf nray;gl;L jdJ tho;tpd; ,WjpepiyapYk; kuzg;gLf;if MrPh;thjj;ij [dq;fSf;Ff;  nfhLj;jhh;. (33 : 1 – 5).

1. NkhNrapd; kuzk; (34 : 1 – 12)

          NkhNr ,aw;iff; fhuzq;fshy; khpf;ftpy;iy.  nkhpghtpd; jz;zPh;fsz;ilapy; fPo;g;gbahkw; Nghdjhy; thf;fspf;fg;gl;l Njrj;Jf;Fr; nry;Yk; Kd;Ng khpj;jhh; (32 : 51).  NkhNrapd; kuzk; jPh;f;fjhprdkhf Kd;dwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ  NkYk; ,tuJ kuzk; NkhNr Nghy; Kd;dwpe;J vOjg;gl;lJ my;yJ NahRthtpdhy; gpd;dhspy; cghfkj;Jld; gpw;Nrh;f;ifahf vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ.

tpdhf;fs;

1. gQ;rhfkj;jpd; Mrphpah; NkhNr vd;gij Mjhpf;Fk; Fwpg;Gfis vOJf.

2. JEDP nfhs;ifapy; cs;s rpf;fy;fisf; $Wf.

3. Mjpahfkk; 6 : 1 – 2-y; cs;s Njt Gj;jpuh;fisf; Fwpj;J Fwpg;ngOJ.

4. tpOe;JNghd J}jh;fs; Vd; ngz;fis kzk; nra;a KbahJ?

5. ahj;jpuhfkj;jpd; rhpj;jpu mikg;ig vOJf.

Fwpg;G :  gjpy;fis vOjp CALS ,af;FeUf;F mDg;gTk;.  cq;fs; ngaiuAk; gjpT vz;izAk; kwthky; tpilj;jhspy; Fwpg;gplTk;.